Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Pendeen, St Just, Cornwall, England, UK

Oldest recorded age at locality: 399
Youngest recorded age at locality: 45

mindat Locality ID: 18534
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-18534.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Pendeen, St Just, Cornwall, England, UK": 16
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 14

Number of Child Localities: 7
Child Localities:
Boscaswell Downs Mine
East Boscaswell Mine (Wheal Hearle)
Geevor Mine
Pendeen Consols
Pendeen Cove
Pendeen New Cliff (Pendeen Watch)
Trewellard Zawn

Latitude: 50°9'24"N
Longitude: 5°40'4"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 50.156666666667,-5.6677777777778
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As B Be Bi C Ca Ce Cl Cu F Fe H In K Mg Mn Na O P S Si Sn U Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllaniteAllophaneAmorphousApatiteAragoniteArsenicAtacamiteAutuniteBerylBrochantite
CalciteChalcanthiteChalcopyriteChloriteClayCompreignaciteConnelliteCopperCorundumCovellite
DevillineDiasporeEpidoteFeldsparFluoriteGypsumJohanniteKaoliniteMalachiteMarcasite
MelanteriteNoneNot in a structural groupPyriteQuartzRutileSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteStibniteTalc
TetrahedriteTourmalineZippeiteZircon

60 IMA Minerals at location:
Albite  (*)Allanite-(Ce)  (*)Andersonite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Arsenic  (*)
Atacamite  (*)Autunite  (*)Becquerelite  (*)Beryl  (*)Bismuth  (*)
Bismuthinite  (*)Bornite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Calcite  (*)Cassiterite  (*)
Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chamosite  (*)Coffinite  (*)
Compreignacite  (*)Connellite  (*)Copper  (*)Covellite  (*)Cuprite  (*)
Cuprosklodowskite  (*)Devilline  (*)Djurleite  (*)Dolomite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)
Fluorite  (*)Goethite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Hematite  (*)Johannite  (*)
Kaolinite  (*)Langite  (*)Laumontite  (*)Malachite  (*)Marcasite  (*)
Melanterite  (*)Metazeunerite  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)Natrozippeite  (*)Neotocite  (*)
Opal  (*)Paratacamite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Quartz  (*)Rhodochrosite  (*)
Roquesite  (*)Schorl  (*)Schröckingerite  (*)Siderite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)
Talc  (*)Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)Uraninite  (*)Uranopilite  (*)Wittichenite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)3994511188488803
Allanite-(Ce)  (*)Allanite EpidoteCaCe(Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)399451118848706
Andersonite  (*)Not in a structural groupNa2Ca(UO2)(CO3)3·5-6H2O39945111884847
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)3994511188483250
Arsenic  (*)ArsenicAs399451118848379
Atacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)32701001118850544
Autunite  (*)AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O3994511188481272
Becquerelite  (*)NoneCa(UO2)6O4(OH)6·8H2O39945111884892
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O1827010011188574286
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi3994511188481966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S327010011188431935
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS43994511188485516
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6399452118848,1188551633
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)2701002118848,11884927770
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO22701007118843,118847,118848,118851,118852,118854,1188555171
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O399451118848925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S3994511188485707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS22701004118843,118848,118850,11885527198
Chamosite  (*)Chlorite Clay(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8399451118848577
Coffinite  (*)ZirconU(SiO4)·nH2O2701002118848,118849566
Compreignacite  (*)CompreignaciteK2(UO2)6O4(OH)6·7H2O39945111884827
Connellite  (*)ConnelliteCu36(SO4)(OH)62Cl8·6H2O399452118848,118855295
Copper  (*)CopperCu399452118843,1188483846
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS3994511188484165
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O3994511188482970
Cuprosklodowskite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·6H2O39945111884858
Devilline  (*)DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O399452118848,118855366
Djurleite  (*)NoneCu31S16399451118848300
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)23994511188489895
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F399453118843,118848,1188552740
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF23994511188489617
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)399452118843,1188487437
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O2701002118848,1188506890
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O32701006118843,118848,118849,118851,118853,11885514640
Johannite  (*)JohanniteCu(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2·8H2O39945111884869
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)4399452118843,1188485591
Langite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·2H2O399451118848593
Laumontite  (*)Not in a structural groupCaAl2Si4O12·4H2O3994511188481271
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2399452118848,11885512537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS23994511188485674
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O399451118848915
Metazeunerite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2·8H2O399451118848182
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O3994511188481508
Natrozippeite  (*)ZippeiteNa5(UO2)8(SO4)4O5(OH)3·12H2O2701002118848,11885041
Neotocite  (*)Allophane(Mn,Fe)SiO3·H2O (?)399451118848186
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O2701002118843,1188522994
Paratacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)Cl2(OH)6399451118848158
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2399453118843,118848,11885539462
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO22701008118843,118848,118849,118850,118852,118853,118854,11885561156
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)3994511188481711
Roquesite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuInS239945111884846
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)2701002118843,1188552705
Schröckingerite  (*)NoneNaCa3(UO2)(SO4)(CO3)3F·10H2O399451118848128
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)399452118848,1188556417
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS399452118847,11884821482
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)227010011188563337
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S133994511188481803
Uraninite  (*)FluoriteUO22701002118848,1188492718
Uranopilite  (*)None(UO2)6(SO4)O2(OH)6·14H2O39945111884894
Wittichenite  (*)NoneCu3BiS3399451118848297


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Lucy_017Age of granite


17 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Lucy_081270100270-10040Ar - 39ArLodes post-dating elvan intrusion and primary mineralization.   Yes  1265St Just, Cornwall, England, UKSt JustHawkes et al. (1978 US4_51Possibility of hydrothermal degassing of lode material around 210 Ma and 215 Ma which overprints a primary formation age of roughly 270 Ma. New mineral growth may have occurred close to 165 Ma with further hydrothermal activity at about 100 Ma. Adularia from veins in the Lizard Complex also provides indication
Lucy_074232230231 ± 1K-Ar k-feldspar     18534Pendeen, St Just, Cornwall, England, UKSt. Just-PendeenHalliday (1980)10.2113/gsecongeo.75.5.752EG75_752 
Lucy_017270266268 ± 287Sr/86Sr ratio, Rb-Sr.Age granite intruded E 47623    1296Geevor Mine, Pendeen, St Just, Cornwall, England, UKGeevor Tin MineDarbyshire et al. (1985)10.1144/gsjgs.142.6.1159JGSL142_1159 
Lucy_055285255270 ± 15Rb-SrMain stage polymetallic mineralization, preferred age determined in studywhole rockG 1, G 3, G 5, G 6, G 7, G 8    1296Geevor Mine, Pendeen, St Just, Cornwall, England, UKGeevor MineDarbyshire et al. (1985)10.1144/gsjgs.142.6.1159JGSL142_1159 
Lucy_069274266270 ± 4K-Ar k-feldspar     1296Geevor Mine, Pendeen, St Just, Cornwall, England, UKGeevorLeBoutillier et al. (2003) GSWE10_403 
Lucy_207288288288 Locality unknown. Previous age stated.uraninite   Uraninite  1296Geevor Mine, Pendeen, St Just, Cornwall, England, UKGeevor MineMiller et al (1964)10.1002/gj.3350040109GJ4_105Isotopic ages on the granites and associated rocks of South-West England, data of previous workers (in m.yrs)
Lucy_232228218223 ± 5206 Pb/238UAge of Uranite      1296Geevor Mine, Pendeen, St Just, Cornwall, England, UKGeevor MineDarnley et al. (1965) MM34_159 
Lucy_237454545206 Pb/238UAge of Pitchblende      1296Geevor Mine, Pendeen, St Just, Cornwall, England, UKGeevor MineDarnley et al. (1965) MM34_159Chemical Analysis only
Lucy_238377137257 ± 120207Pb/206PbIsotopic Age of Uranite NCL1105    1296Geevor Mine, Pendeen, St Just, Cornwall, England, UKGeevor MineDarnley et al. (1965) MM34_159(Ages taken from table with unclear titles) Chemical analysis of Pb. Analysis of 204Pb.
Lucy_239228218223 ± 5206Pb/238UIsotopic Age of Uranite NCL1105    1296Geevor Mine, Pendeen, St Just, Cornwall, England, UKGeevor MineDarnley et al. (1965) MM34_159(Ages taken from table with unclear titles) Chemical analysis of Pb. Analysis of 206Pb.
Lucy_240241211226 ± 15207Pb/235UIsotopic Age of Uranite NCL1105    1296Geevor Mine, Pendeen, St Just, Cornwall, England, UKGeevor MineDarnley et al. (1965) MM34_159(Ages taken from table with unclear titles) Chemical analysis of U. Analysis of 206Pb.
Lucy_241399149274 ± 125208Pb/232UIsotopic Age of Uranite NCL1105    1296Geevor Mine, Pendeen, St Just, Cornwall, England, UKGeevor MineDarnley et al. (1965) MM34_159(Ages taken from table with unclear titles) Chemical analysis of Th. Analysis of 208Pb.
Lucy_256297283290 ± 7206Pb/238UUsing Pockleys Interpretations, it is acceptable to say that South Terras, Geevor, and Wheal Owles are not reliable indications of Tertiary mineralization.      1296Geevor Mine, Pendeen, St Just, Cornwall, England, UKGeevorDarnley et al. (1965) MM34_159 
Lucy_257228218223 ± 5206Pb/238UUsing Pockleys Interpretations, it is acceptable to say that South Terras, Geevor, and Wheal Owles are not reliable indications of Tertiary mineralization.      1296Geevor Mine, Pendeen, St Just, Cornwall, England, UKGeevorDarnley et al. (1965) MM34_159 
Lucy_258454545206Pb/238UUsing Pockleys Interpretations, it is acceptable to say that South Terras, Geevor, and Wheal Owles are not reliable indications of Tertiary mineralization.      1296Geevor Mine, Pendeen, St Just, Cornwall, England, UKGeevorDarnley et al. (1965) MM34_159Chemical age. Late infilling.
Lucy_265290223  The only firm conclusion about the uraninite mineralization at Geevor is that some of it must be older than 290 My. and some of it must be younger than 223 My.      1296Geevor Mine, Pendeen, St Just, Cornwall, England, UKGeevorDarnley et al. (1965) MM34_159The figure of 290 My. originally obtained from Geevor (Darnley et al., 1960), and the figure of 223 My. given here, may be mean ages of uraninite from different sections of the mine. However, from consideration of other results from the region it is likely that the figure of 290 My. is not far below the maximum age at which mineralization could have occurred.
Lucy_274220220220 Galena age for Geevor Minegalena   Galena  1296Geevor Mine, Pendeen, St Just, Cornwall, England, UKGeevor MineDarnley et al. (1965) MM34_159These results have been calculated using Moorbath's constants, from the tables compiled by Pockley (1961)

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