Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK

Oldest recorded age at locality: 1171
Youngest recorded age at locality: 0

mindat Locality ID: 194524
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-194524.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK": 48
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 35

Number of Child Localities: 13
Child Localities:
Barncoose
Bosleake
Carn Brea (village)
Carn Brea Hill
Carn Brea Station
Carnkie
Four Lanes
Lower Carnkie
Penhallick
Pool
Tregajorran
West Tolgus
West Tolgus Group

Latitude: 50°13'19"N
Longitude: 5°15'18"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 50.221944444444,-5.255

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Acanthite	Allophane	Amorphous	Amphibole	Andalusite	Apatite	Arsenic	Arsenopyrite	Autunite	Baryte
Beryl	Bismutite	Brochantite	Calcite	Chalcanthite	Chalcophyllite	Chalcopyrite	Chlorite	Clay	Columbite
Connellite	Copper	Corundum	Covellite	Cubanite	Cyanotrichite	Diaspore	Domeykite	Enargite	Feldspar
Fluorite	Gypsum	Johannite	Kaolinite	Löllingite	Malachite	Marcasite	Melanterite	Mica	Monazite
Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group	Perovskite	Pharmacosiderite	Phenakite	Pyrite	Quartz	Rocksalt	Rutile
Scheelite	Skutterudite	Sphalerite	Stannite	Stibnite	Talc	Tetrahedrite	Tourmaline	Tungstite	Tyrolite
Vivianite	Wurtzite	Zircon

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As B Ba Be Bi C Ca Ce Cl Co Cu F Fe H K Mg Na O P Pb S Si Sn Th Ti U W Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality:

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Acanthite Allophane Amorphous Amphibole Andalusite Apatite Arsenic Arsenopyrite Autunite Baryte
Beryl Bismutite Brochantite Calcite Chalcanthite Chalcophyllite Chalcopyrite Chlorite Clay Columbite
Connellite Copper Corundum Covellite Cubanite Cyanotrichite Diaspore Domeykite Enargite Feldspar
Fluorite Gypsum Johannite Kaolinite Löllingite Malachite Marcasite Melanterite Mica Monazite
Nickeline None Not in a structural group Perovskite Pharmacosiderite Phenakite Pyrite Quartz Rocksalt Rutile
Scheelite Skutterudite Sphalerite Stannite Stibnite Talc Tetrahedrite Tourmaline Tungstite Tyrolite
Vivianite Wurtzite Zircon

90 IMA Minerals at location:

Acanthite ()*	Actinolite ()*	Albite ()*	Anatase ()*	Arsenopyrite ()*
Autunite ()*	Azurite ()*	Baryte ()*	Bassetite ()*	Bertrandite ()*
Beryl ()*	Bismuth ()*	Bismuthinite ()*	Bismutite ()*	Bornite ()*
Brochantite ()*	Cacoxenite ()*	Calcite ()*	Cassiterite ()*	Chalcanthite ()*
Chalcocite ()*	Chalcophyllite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Chamosite ()*	Chrysocolla ()*
Coffinite ()*	Connellite ()*	Copper ()*	Cornwallite ()*	Covellite ()*
Cubanite ()*	Cuprite ()*	Cyanotrichite ()*	Dolomite ()*	Domeykite ()*
Enargite ()*	Erythrite ()*	Ferberite ()*	Fluorapatite ()*	Fluorite ()*
Galena ()*	Goethite ()*	Gypsum ()*	Hematite ()*	Huttonite ()*
Ilmenite ()*	Johannite ()*	Kaolinite ()*	Langite ()*	Libethenite ()*
Liebigite ()*	Löllingite ()*	Malachite ()*	Marcasite ()*	Melanterite ()*
Metatorbernite ()*	Monazite-(Ce) ()*	Muscovite ()*	Olivenite ()*	Opal ()*
Orthoclase ()*	Pharmacosiderite ()*	Phenakite ()*	Pseudomalachite ()*	Pyrite ()*
Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Saléeite ()*	Scheelite ()*	Schorl ()*
Scorodite ()*	Siderite ()*	Silver ()*	Skutterudite ()*	Sphalerite ()*
Stannite ()*	Talc ()*	Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tenorite ()*	Thorite ()*
Torbernite ()*	Tremolite ()*	Tungstite ()*	Tyrolite ()*	Uraninite ()*
Uranospathite ()*	Uranospinite ()*	Vochtenite ()*	Zeunerite ()*	Zircon ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite ()*	Acanthite	Ag₂S			3	117417,117418,117420	2793
Actinolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂			1	117439	3419
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	1171	0	1	117440	8803
Anatase ()*	Not in a structural group	TiO₂	1171	0	3	117436,117438,117440	2162
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	1171	0	14	117413,117414,117416,117417,117418,117419,117429,117430,117431,117434,117436,117438,117440,117441	9052
Autunite ()*	Autunite	Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·10-12H₂O			4	117414,117417,117418,117420	1272
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂			4	117417,117420,117431,117434	5509
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)			1	117417	11547
Bassetite ()*	None	Fe²⁺(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂(H₂O)₁₀			1	117417	51
Bertrandite ()*	Not in a structural group	Be₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂	1171	0	1	117440	606
Beryl ()*	Beryl	Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈	1171	0	1	117440	4286
Bismuth ()*	Arsenic	Bi	1171	0	1	117440	1966
Bismuthinite ()*	Stibnite	Bi₂S₃	1171	0	2	117434,117440	1935
Bismutite ()*	Bismutite	Bi₂O₂(CO₃)	1171	0	2	117417,117440	716
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄			7	117413,117417,117429,117430,117431,117436,117441	5516
Brochantite ()*	Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆			4	117417,117420,117429,117436	1633
Cacoxenite ()*	None	Fe³⁺₂₄AlO₆(PO₄)₁₇(OH)₁₂·75H₂O			1	117417	280
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	1171	0	1	117440	27770
Cassiterite ()*	Rutile	SnO₂	1171	0	20	117402,117405,117413,117414,117416,117417,117418,117419,117420,117426,117429,117430,117431,117434,117436,117438,117439,117440,117441,117444	5171
Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcanthite	Cu(SO₄)·5H₂O			1	117413	925
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	1171	0	15	117405,117414,117417,117418,117419,117420,117429,117430,117431,117434,117436,117439,117440,117441,117444	5707
Chalcophyllite ()*	Chalcophyllite	Cu₁₈Al₂(AsO₄)₄(SO₄)₃(OH)₂₄·36H₂O			2	117418,117420	194
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	1171	0	23	117406,117413,117414,117416,117417,117419,117420,117422,117429,117430,117431,117432,117434,117435,117436,117438,117439,117440,117441,117442,117444,117446,117447	27198
Chamosite ()*	Chlorite Clay	(Fe²⁺,Mg,Al,Fe³⁺)₆(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH,O)₈	1171	0	1	117440	577
Chrysocolla ()*	Allophane	(Cu_2-xAl_x)H_2-xSi₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O			2	117417,117429	3531
Coffinite ()*	Zircon	U(SiO₄)·nH₂O	1171	0	1	117440	566
Connellite ()*	Connellite	Cu₃₆(SO₄)(OH)₆₂Cl₈·6H₂O			4	117417,117420,117429,117430	295
Copper ()*	Copper	Cu			9	117413,117417,117420,117429,117430,117431,117434,117441,117444	3846
Cornwallite ()*	None	Cu₅(AsO₄)₂(OH)₄			1	117441	175
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS			2	117429,117430	4165
Cubanite ()*	Cubanite Wurtzite	CuFe₂S₃			1	117434	802
Cuprite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₂O	1171	0	12	117413,117414,117416,117417,117420,117429,117430,117431,117434,117436,117440,117441	2970
Cyanotrichite ()*	Cyanotrichite	Cu₄Al₂(SO₄)(OH)₁₂(H₂O)₂			2	117417,117434	179
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	1171	0	1	117440	9895
Domeykite ()*	Domeykite	Cu₃As			1	117429	73
Enargite ()*	Enargite Wurtzite	Cu₃AsS₄	1171	0	1	117440	910
Erythrite ()*	Vivianite	Co₃(AsO₄)₂·8H₂O			1	117434	814
Ferberite ()*	Columbite	Fe²⁺(WO₄)			1	117444	551
Fluorapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F			2	117420,117441	2740
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂	266	252	13	117411,117417,117419,117420,117429,117431,117432,117434,117435,117436,117439,117440,117441	9617
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	1171	0	6	117411,117417,117434,117438,117439,117440	24243
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)			6	117420,117429,117430,117436,117439,117441	7437
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	1171	0	1	117440	6890
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	1171	0	8	117417,117420,117429,117430,117431,117434,117440,117441	14640
Huttonite ()*	Monazite	Th(SiO₄)			1	117436	37
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃			1	117436	5433
Johannite ()*	Johannite	Cu(UO₂)₂(SO₄)₂(OH)₂·8H₂O			1	117418	69
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	1171	0	2	117440,117441	5591
Langite ()*	None	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆·2H₂O			5	117414,117417,117420,117434,117436	593
Libethenite ()*	Andalusite	Cu₂(PO₄)(OH)			2	117413,117417	234
Liebigite ()*	None	Ca₂(UO₂)(CO₃)₃·11H₂O			1	117417	78
Löllingite ()*	Löllingite	FeAs₂			1	117434	762
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂			10	117405,117413,117414,117417,117418,117420,117429,117431,117434,117441	12537
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂	1171	0	5	117429,117431,117436,117440,117441	5674
Melanterite ()*	Melanterite	Fe(SO₄)·7H₂O	1171	0	1	117440	915
Metatorbernite ()*	None	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·8H₂O			1	117417	443
Monazite-(Ce) ()*	Monazite	Ce(PO₄)	1171	0	1	117440	945
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	288.1	268.3	1	117440	17380
Olivenite ()*	Andalusite	Cu₂(AsO₄)(OH)			2	117429,117441	492
Opal ()*	Amorphous	SiO₂·nH₂O			1	117420	2994
Orthoclase ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)	1171	0	1	117440	2349
Pharmacosiderite ()*	Pharmacosiderite	KFe³⁺₄(AsO₄)₃(OH)₄·6-7H₂O			3	117429,117430,117441	428
Phenakite ()*	Phenakite	Be₂(SiO₄)	1171	0	1	117440	326
Pseudomalachite ()*	None	Cu₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄			2	117413,117417	369
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	1171	0	16	117402,117413,117414,117416,117417,117418,117420,117422,117423,117429,117431,117434,117435,117439,117440,117441	39462
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈			2	117434,117436	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	1171	0	20	117402,117413,117414,117416,117417,117418,117419,117420,117422,117423,117429,117430,117431,117434,117435,117436,117438,117439,117440,117441	61156
Saléeite ()*	None	Mg(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂(H₂O)₁₀			1	117417	95
Scheelite ()*	Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)	1171	0	2	117434,117440	4894
Schorl ()*	Tourmaline	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)			5	117429,117431,117434,117436,117439	2705
Scorodite ()*	None	Fe³⁺(AsO₄)·2H₂O	1171	0	2	117440,117441	1153
Siderite ()*	Calcite	Fe(CO₃)	1171	0	8	117417,117420,117429,117431,117434,117436,117440,117441	6417
Silver ()*	Copper	Ag			3	117417,117420,117434	5186
Skutterudite ()*	Skutterudite Perovskite	CoAs₃			2	117432,117434	531
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	1171	0	8	117403,117432,117434,117435,117436,117438,117439,117440	21482
Stannite ()*	Stannite Sphalerite	Cu₂FeSnS₄	1171	0	5	117429,117430,117434,117440,117442	668
Talc ()*	Clay Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	1171	0	1	117440	3337
Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂)As₄S₁₃			6	117411,117420,117429,117430,117431,117441	1803
Tenorite ()*	None	CuO			6	117411,117429,117430,117431,117434,117441	1101
Thorite ()*	Zircon	Th(SiO₄)			1	117436	1006
Torbernite ()*	None	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·12H₂O			4	117414,117417,117420,117441	1059
Tremolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_5.0-4.5Fe²⁺_0.0-0.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂			1	117439	2562
Tungstite ()*	Tungstite	WO₃·H₂O			1	117434	118
Tyrolite ()*	Tyrolite	Ca₂Cu₉(AsO₄)₄(CO₃)(OH)₈·11H₂O			1	117429	245
Uraninite ()*	Fluorite	UO₂	1171	0	6	117417,117420,117429,117434,117440,117441	2718
Uranospathite ()*	None	(Al, )(UO₂)₂F(PO₄)₂·20H₂O			1	117417	20
Uranospinite ()*	None	Ca(UO₂)₂(AsO₄)₂·10H₂O			1	117417	51
Vochtenite ()*	None	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺(UO₂)₄(PO₄)₄(OH)·12-13H₂O			1	117417	5
Zeunerite ()*	Autunite	Cu(UO₂)₂(AsO₄)₂·12H₂O			1	117417	185
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)			1	117436	5251

Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:

Age ID	Locality Notes
Lucy_119	South Crofty Elvan is 3 km west of Redruth

17 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Sample Source	Sample Num	Dated Mineral	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
Lucy_056	273	265	269 ± 4	Rb-Sr	Main stage polymetallic mineralization, preferred age determined in study	whole rock	E 35002, SC 1-6		1004	South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK	South Crofty Mine	Darbyshire et al. (1985)	10.1144/gsjgs.142.6.1159	JGSL142_1159
Lucy_076	266	252	259 ± 7	Sm-Nd		fluorite		Fluorite	1004	South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK	South Crofty Mine	LeBoutillier et al. (2003)		GSWE10_403
Lucy_119	286	262	274 ± 12	Rb/Sr	Previous Rb/Sr determination				1004	South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK	South Crofty Elvan	Bray and Spooner (1983)	10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.15	EG78_1064
Lucy_155	286	286	Before 286		Development of of the major Sn(-Cu) odes bega before 286Ma.				1004	South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK	South Crofty Mine	Chen et al (1993)	10.1144/gsjgs.150.6.1183	JGSL150_1183	Hydrothermal muscovites show that development of the major Sn (-Cu) lodes of the South Crofty Mine commenced before 286 Ma, only 2 to 3 Ma after cooling of the hosting Carn Brea granite, a satellite of the Carmenellis pluton.
Lucy_158	266	252	259 ± 7	Sm-Nd	Assigned to the 'main stage' of cassiterite lode development but a later event.	fluorite		Fluorite	1004	South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK	South Crofty	Chen et al (1993)	10.1144/gsjgs.150.6.1183	JGSL150_1183	Protracted hiatus between the pluton emplacement and main-stage Sn(-Cu) lode mineralization has been proposed based on Sm-Nd isochron dating of fluorites from the South Crofty and Wheal Jane mines. These were assigned to the 'main stage' of cassiterite lode development by Chesney et al (1991a, b) but to a later event by Chesney et al. (1990).
Lucy_183	285.8	284.6	285.2 ± 0.6	40Ar-39Ar	Intergrated age of Cornubian Batholith	muscovite	CORN-176	Muscovite	1004	South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK	South Crofty	Chen et al (1993)	10.1144/gsjgs.150.6.1183	JGSL150_1183	Analytical data for hydrothermal micas
Lucy_184	288.1	285.9	287.0 ± 1.1	40Ar-39Ar	Intergrated age of Cornubian Batholith	muscovite	CORN-56	Muscovite	1004	South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK	South Crofty	Chen et al (1993)	10.1144/gsjgs.150.6.1183	JGSL150_1183	Analytical data for hydrothermal micas
Lucy_185	286.2	283.8	285.0 ± 1.2	40Ar-39Ar	Intergrated age of Cornubian Batholith	muscovite	CORN-206B	Muscovite	1004	South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK	South Crofty	Chen et al (1993)	10.1144/gsjgs.150.6.1183	JGSL150_1183	Analytical data for hydrothermal micas
Lucy_186	270.1	268.3	269.2 ± 0.9	40Ar-39Ar	Intergrated age of Cornubian Batholith	muscovite	CORN-164	Muscovite	1004	South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK	South Crofty	Chen et al (1993)	10.1144/gsjgs.150.6.1183	JGSL150_1183	Analytical data for hydrothermal micas
Lucy_190	285.4	283	284.2 ± 1.2		Age interpreted as approaching the age of the lode formation	muscovite		Muscovite	1004	South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK	No. 8 Lode, South Crofty	Chen et al (1993)	10.1144/gsjgs.150.6.1183	JGSL150_1183	Muscovite from the envelope of the No.8 Lode also show slight argon loss and the plateau age (of 54.3% of the 39Ar released)
Lucy_231	287	267	277 ± 10	206 Pb/238U	Age of Uranite				1004	South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK	South Crofty	Darnley et al. (1965)		MM34_159
Lucy_242	679	0	309 ± 370	207Pb/206Pb	Isotopic Age of Uranite		NCL1013		1004	South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK	South Crofty	Darnley et al. (1965)		MM34_159	(Ages taken from table with unclear titles) Chemical analysis of Pb. Analysis of 204Pb.
Lucy_243	287	267	277 ± 10	206Pb/238U	Isotopic Age of Uranite		NCL1013		1004	South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK	South Crofty	Darnley et al. (1965)		MM34_159	(Ages taken from table with unclear titles) Chemical analysis of U. Analysis of 206Pb.
Lucy_244	330	230	280 ± 50	207Pb/235U	Isotopic Age of Uranite		NCL1013		1004	South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK	South Crofty	Darnley et al. (1965)		MM34_159	(Ages taken from table with unclear titles) Chemical analysis of U. Analysis of 207Pb.
Lucy_245	1171	0	321 ± 850	207Pb/235U	Isotopic Age of Uranite		NCL1013		1004	South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK	South Crofty	Darnley et al. (1965)		MM34_159	(Ages taken from table with unclear titles) Chemical analysis of Th. Analysis of 208Pb.
Lucy_259	287	267	277 ± 10	206Pb/238U	Using Pockleys Interpretations, it is acceptable to say that South Terras, Geevor, and Wheal Owles are not reliable indications of Tertiary mineralization.				1004	South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK	South Crofty	Darnley et al. (1965)		MM34_159
Lucy_266	1127	0	277		Age cannot be taken to represent primary mineralisation.				1004	South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK	South Crofty	Darnley et al. (1965)		MM34_159	Because of the results obtained from Geevor, it seems probable that there were also several ages of uraninite formation at South Crofty, in which case the 277 My. result cannot be accepted as providing certain evidence of primary mineralization at this time.

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...