Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK

Oldest recorded age at locality: 1171
Youngest recorded age at locality: 0

mindat Locality ID: 293289
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-293289.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UK": 15
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 14

Number of Child Localities: 14
Child Localities:
Carn Brea And Tincroft United Mine
Carn Brea Mine
Cook's Kitchen Mine
Dudnance Mine
East Pool And Agar Mine
East Pool Mine
Longclose Mine
New Cook's Kitchen Mine
New North Pool Mine
North Pool Mine
North Wheal Crofty
South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty)
Tincroft Mine
Wheal Agar

Latitude: 50°13'33"N
Longitude: 5°16'6"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 50.225833333333,-5.2683333333333
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As B Be Bi C Ca Ce Cl Co Cu F Fe H K Mg Na O P Pb S Si Sn Th Ti U W Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAmphiboleAndalusiteApatiteArsenicArsenopyriteBerylBismutiteBrochantiteCalcite
ChalcopyriteChloriteClayConnelliteCopperCorundumCovelliteCubaniteCyanotrichiteDiaspore
DomeykiteEnargiteFeldsparFluoriteGypsumKaoliniteLöllingiteMalachiteMarcasiteMelanterite
MicaMonaziteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupPerovskitePharmacosideritePhenakitePyriteQuartz
RocksaltRutileScheeliteSkutteruditeSphaleriteStanniteStibniteTalcTetrahedriteTourmaline
TungstiteTyroliteVivianiteWurtziteZircon

71 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Albite  (*)Anatase  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Azurite  (*)
Bertrandite  (*)Beryl  (*)Bismuth  (*)Bismuthinite  (*)Bismutite  (*)
Bornite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Calcite  (*)Cassiterite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)
Chalcopyrite  (*)Chamosite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Coffinite  (*)Connellite  (*)
Copper  (*)Cornwallite  (*)Covellite  (*)Cubanite  (*)Cuprite  (*)
Cyanotrichite  (*)Dolomite  (*)Domeykite  (*)Enargite  (*)Erythrite  (*)
Fluorapatite  (*)Fluorite  (*)Galena  (*)Goethite  (*)Gypsum  (*)
Hematite  (*)Huttonite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)Langite  (*)
Löllingite  (*)Malachite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Melanterite  (*)Monazite-(Ce)  (*)
Muscovite  (*)Olivenite  (*)Orthoclase  (*)Pharmacosiderite  (*)Phenakite  (*)
Pyrite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Scheelite  (*)Schorl  (*)
Scorodite  (*)Siderite  (*)Silver  (*)Skutterudite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)
Stannite  (*)Talc  (*)Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)Tenorite  (*)Thorite  (*)
Torbernite  (*)Tremolite  (*)Tungstite  (*)Tyrolite  (*)Uraninite  (*)
Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)211174393419
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)1171011174408803
Anatase  (*)Not in a structural groupTiO2117103117436,117438,1174402162
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS117108117429,117430,117431,117434,117436,117438,117440,1174419052
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)22117431,1174345509
Bertrandite  (*)Not in a structural groupBe4Si2O7(OH)2117101117440606
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O181171011174404286
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi1171011174401966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S3117102117434,1174401935
Bismutite  (*)BismutiteBi2O2(CO3)117101117440716
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS45117429,117430,117431,117436,1174415516
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)62117429,1174361633
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)11710111744027770
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO2117109117429,117430,117431,117434,117436,117438,117439,117440,1174415171
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S117108117429,117430,117431,117434,117436,117439,117440,1174415707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS21171012117429,117430,117431,117432,117434,117435,117436,117438,117439,117440,117441,11744227198
Chamosite  (*)Chlorite Clay(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8117101117440577
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O11174293531
Coffinite  (*)ZirconU(SiO4)·nH2O117101117440566
Connellite  (*)ConnelliteCu36(SO4)(OH)62Cl8·6H2O2117429,117430295
Copper  (*)CopperCu5117429,117430,117431,117434,1174413846
Cornwallite  (*)NoneCu5(AsO4)2(OH)41117441175
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS2117429,1174304165
Cubanite  (*)Cubanite WurtziteCuFe2S31117434802
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O117107117429,117430,117431,117434,117436,117440,1174412970
Cyanotrichite  (*)CyanotrichiteCu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12(H2O)21117434179
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)21171011174409895
Domeykite  (*)DomeykiteCu3As111742973
Enargite  (*)Enargite WurtziteCu3AsS4117101117440910
Erythrite  (*)VivianiteCo3(AsO4)2·8H2O1117434814
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F11174412740
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF22662529117429,117431,117432,117434,117435,117436,117439,117440,1174419617
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS117104117434,117438,117439,11744024243
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)5117429,117430,117436,117439,1174417437
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O1171011174406890
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3117106117429,117430,117431,117434,117440,11744114640
Huttonite  (*)MonaziteTh(SiO4)111743637
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O311174365433
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)4117102117440,1174415591
Langite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·2H2O2117434,117436593
Löllingite  (*)LöllingiteFeAs21117434762
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)24117429,117431,117434,11744112537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS2117105117429,117431,117436,117440,1174415674
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O117101117440915
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)MonaziteCe(PO4)117101117440945
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2288.1268.3111744017380
Olivenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(AsO4)(OH)2117429,117441492
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)1171011174402349
Pharmacosiderite  (*)PharmacosideriteKFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·6-7H2O3117429,117430,117441428
Phenakite  (*)PhenakiteBe2(SiO4)117101117440326
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2117107117429,117431,117434,117435,117439,117440,11744139462
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S82117434,1174369056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO21171010117429,117430,117431,117434,117435,117436,117438,117439,117440,11744161156
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)117102117434,1174404894
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)5117429,117431,117434,117436,1174392705
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O117102117440,1174411153
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)117106117429,117431,117434,117436,117440,1174416417
Silver  (*)CopperAg11174345186
Skutterudite  (*)Skutterudite PerovskiteCoAs32117432,117434531
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS117107117432,117434,117435,117436,117438,117439,11744021482
Stannite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2FeSnS4117105117429,117430,117434,117440,117442668
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)21171011174403337
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S134117429,117430,117431,1174411803
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO5117429,117430,117431,117434,1174411101
Thorite  (*)ZirconTh(SiO4)11174361006
Torbernite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(PO4)2·12H2O11174411059
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)211174392562
Tungstite  (*)TungstiteWO3·H2O1117434118
Tyrolite  (*)TyroliteCa2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8·11H2O1117429245
Uraninite  (*)FluoriteUO2117104117429,117434,117440,1174412718
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)11174365251


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Lucy_119South Crofty Elvan is 3 km west of Redruth


17 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Lucy_056273265269 ± 4Rb-SrMain stage polymetallic mineralization, preferred age determined in studywhole rockE 35002, SC 1-6    1004South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UKSouth Crofty MineDarbyshire et al. (1985)10.1144/gsjgs.142.6.1159JGSL142_1159 
Lucy_076266252259 ± 7Sm-Nd fluorite   Fluorite  1004South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UKSouth Crofty MineLeBoutillier et al. (2003) GSWE10_403 
Lucy_119286262274 ± 12Rb/SrPrevious Rb/Sr determination      1004South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UKSouth Crofty ElvanBray and Spooner (1983)10.1144/GSL.SP.1964.001.01.15EG78_1064 
Lucy_155286286Before 286 Development of of the major Sn(-Cu) odes bega before 286Ma.      1004South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UKSouth Crofty MineChen et al (1993)10.1144/gsjgs.150.6.1183JGSL150_1183Hydrothermal muscovites show that development of the major Sn (-Cu) lodes of the South Crofty Mine commenced before 286 Ma, only 2 to 3 Ma after cooling of the hosting Carn Brea granite, a satellite of the Carmenellis pluton.
Lucy_158266252259 ± 7Sm-NdAssigned to the 'main stage' of cassiterite lode development but a later event.fluorite   Fluorite  1004South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UKSouth CroftyChen et al (1993)10.1144/gsjgs.150.6.1183JGSL150_1183Protracted hiatus between the pluton emplacement and main-stage Sn(-Cu) lode mineralization has been proposed based on Sm-Nd isochron dating of fluorites from the South Crofty and Wheal Jane mines. These were assigned to the 'main stage' of cassiterite lode development by Chesney et al (1991a, b) but to a later event by Chesney et al. (1990).
Lucy_183285.8284.6285.2 ± 0.640Ar-39ArIntergrated age of Cornubian BatholithmuscoviteCORN-176  Muscovite  1004South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UKSouth CroftyChen et al (1993)10.1144/gsjgs.150.6.1183JGSL150_1183Analytical data for hydrothermal micas
Lucy_184288.1285.9287.0 ± 1.140Ar-39ArIntergrated age of Cornubian BatholithmuscoviteCORN-56  Muscovite  1004South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UKSouth CroftyChen et al (1993)10.1144/gsjgs.150.6.1183JGSL150_1183Analytical data for hydrothermal micas
Lucy_185286.2283.8285.0 ± 1.240Ar-39ArIntergrated age of Cornubian BatholithmuscoviteCORN-206B  Muscovite  1004South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UKSouth CroftyChen et al (1993)10.1144/gsjgs.150.6.1183JGSL150_1183Analytical data for hydrothermal micas
Lucy_186270.1268.3269.2 ± 0.940Ar-39ArIntergrated age of Cornubian BatholithmuscoviteCORN-164  Muscovite  1004South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UKSouth CroftyChen et al (1993)10.1144/gsjgs.150.6.1183JGSL150_1183Analytical data for hydrothermal micas
Lucy_190285.4283284.2 ± 1.2 Age interpreted as approaching the age of the lode formationmuscovite   Muscovite  1004South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UKNo. 8 Lode, South CroftyChen et al (1993)10.1144/gsjgs.150.6.1183JGSL150_1183Muscovite from the envelope of the No.8 Lode also show slight argon loss and the plateau age (of 54.3% of the 39Ar released)
Lucy_231287267277 ± 10206 Pb/238UAge of Uranite      1004South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UKSouth CroftyDarnley et al. (1965) MM34_159 
Lucy_2426790309 ± 370207Pb/206PbIsotopic Age of Uranite NCL1013    1004South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UKSouth CroftyDarnley et al. (1965) MM34_159(Ages taken from table with unclear titles) Chemical analysis of Pb. Analysis of 204Pb.
Lucy_243287267277 ± 10206Pb/238UIsotopic Age of Uranite NCL1013    1004South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UKSouth CroftyDarnley et al. (1965) MM34_159(Ages taken from table with unclear titles) Chemical analysis of U. Analysis of 206Pb.
Lucy_244330230280 ± 50207Pb/235UIsotopic Age of Uranite NCL1013    1004South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UKSouth CroftyDarnley et al. (1965) MM34_159(Ages taken from table with unclear titles) Chemical analysis of U. Analysis of 207Pb.
Lucy_24511710321 ± 850207Pb/235UIsotopic Age of Uranite NCL1013    1004South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UKSouth CroftyDarnley et al. (1965) MM34_159(Ages taken from table with unclear titles) Chemical analysis of Th. Analysis of 208Pb.
Lucy_259287267277 ± 10206Pb/238UUsing Pockleys Interpretations, it is acceptable to say that South Terras, Geevor, and Wheal Owles are not reliable indications of Tertiary mineralization.      1004South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UKSouth CroftyDarnley et al. (1965) MM34_159 
Lucy_26611270277 Age cannot be taken to represent primary mineralisation.      1004South Crofty Tin Project (South Crofty Mine; South Wheal Crofty), Pool, Carn Brea, Cornwall, England, UKSouth CroftyDarnley et al. (1965) MM34_159Because of the results obtained from Geevor, it seems probable that there were also several ages of uraninite formation at South Crofty, in which case the 277 My. result cannot be accepted as providing certain evidence of primary mineralization at this time.

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

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