Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Rubikon Mine (Rubicon Mine), Okongava Ost Farm 72, Karibib, Erongo Region, Namibia

Oldest recorded age at locality: 551
Youngest recorded age at locality: 479

mindat Locality ID: 19876
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-19876.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Rubikon Mine (Rubicon Mine), Okongava Ost Farm 72, Karibib, Erongo Region, Namibia": 0
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 0

Latitude: 22°6'13"S
Longitude: 15°59'41"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -22.103611111111,15.994722222222
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As B Be Bi C Ca Cl Cs Cu F Fe H K Li Mg Mn Na Nb O P Pb S Si Ti V Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al As B Be Bi C Ca Cl Cs Cu F Fe H K Li Mg Mn Na Nb O P Pb S Si Ti V Zr 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AluniteAnalcimeApatiteArsenicArseniosideriteBerylBismutiteChloriteClayColumbite
DescloiziteFeldsparFluoriteGarnetHureauliteLöllingiteMatlockiteMeneghiniteMicaNone
Not in a structural groupOlivinePhosphosideriteQuartzRockbridgeiteRutileScheeliteSmectite-vermiculiteStibniteTopaz
TourmalineTurquoiseZircon

45 IMA Minerals at location:
Albite  (*)Amblygonite  (*)Bertrandite  (*)Beryl  (*)Bismite  (*)
Bismoclite  (*)Bismuth  (*)Bismuthinite  (*)Bismutite  (*)Clinobisvanite  (*)
Clinochlore  (*)Columbite-(Fe)  (*)Columbite-(Mn)  (*)Cookeite  (*)Elbaite  (*)
Fluorapatite  (*)Fluorite  (*)Frondelite  (*)Hectorite  (*)Hureaulite  (*)
Lindströmite  (*)Lithiophilite  (*)Löllingite  (*)Microcline  (*)Mimetite  (*)
Montmorillonite  (*)Mottramite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Petalite  (*)Phosphosiderite  (*)
Pollucite  (*)Pseudomalachite  (*)Pucherite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)Quartz  (*)
Robertsite  (*)Rutile  (*)Schorl  (*)Sicklerite  (*)Spessartine  (*)
Tavorite  (*)Topaz  (*)Turquoise  (*)Waylandite  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)55147908803
Amblygonite  (*)NoneLiAl(PO4)F5514790244
Bertrandite  (*)Not in a structural groupBe4Si2O7(OH)25514790606
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O1855147904286
Bismite  (*)NoneBi2O35514790214
Bismoclite  (*)MatlockiteBiOCl551479071
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi55147901966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S355147901935
Bismutite  (*)BismutiteBi2O2(CO3)5514790716
Clinobisvanite  (*)NoneBi(VO4)551479036
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)855147901756
Columbite-(Fe)  (*)ColumbiteFe2+Nb2O6511.7487.70518
Columbite-(Mn)  (*)ColumbiteMn2+Nb2O6511.7487.70289
Cookeite  (*)Chlorite Clay(Al,Li)3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)85514790181
Elbaite  (*)TourmalineNa(Al1.5Li1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)5514790520
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F55147902740
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF255147909617
Frondelite  (*)Rockbridgeite(Mn2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)5551479052
Hectorite  (*)ClayNa0.3(Mg,Li)3Si4O10(F,OH)2·nH2O551479019
Hureaulite  (*)HureauliteMn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2·4H2O5514790125
Lindströmite  (*)MeneghinitePb3Cu3Bi7S15551479038
Lithiophilite  (*)OlivineLiMn2+(PO4)5514790155
Löllingite  (*)LöllingiteFeAs25514790762
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)55147904924
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl55147901107
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O55147901508
Mottramite  (*)DescloizitePbCu(VO4)(OH)5514790362
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2551479017380
Petalite  (*)Not in a structural groupLiAlSi4O105514790124
Phosphosiderite  (*)PhosphosideriteFe3+(PO4)·2H2O5514790182
Pollucite  (*)AnalcimeCs(Si2Al)O6·nH2O5514790140
Pseudomalachite  (*)NoneCu5(PO4)2(OH)45514790369
Pucherite  (*)ScheeliteBi(VO4)551479053
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl55147901725
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO2551479061156
Robertsite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Mn3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O551479036
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO255147905614
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)55147902705
Sicklerite  (*)OlivineLiMn2+(PO4)551479066
Spessartine  (*)GarnetMn2+3Al2(SiO4)355147901214
Tavorite  (*)NoneLiFe3+(PO4)(OH)551479035
Topaz  (*)TopazAl2SiO4F255147901476
Turquoise  (*)TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O5514790484
Waylandite  (*)AluniteBiAl3(PO4)2(OH)6551479031
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)55147905251


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Scott-CGSN8_5-0005mine


5 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Alexandra-0160551479515 ± 36Rb-SrAge of intrusionamblygonite, k-feldspar, muscoviteL180,L183,L186,L189    19876Rubikon Mine (Rubicon Mine), Okongava Ost Farm 72, Karibib, Erongo Region, NamibiaRubicon mineHaack and Gohn (1988) CGSSWAN4_15 
Alexandra-0264508.1502.9505.5±2.6U-PbAge of Nb-Ta mineralizationcolumbite-(mn)4  Columbite-(Mn) Ta, Nb19876Rubikon Mine (Rubicon Mine), Okongava Ost Farm 72, Karibib, Erongo Region, NamibiaRubikonMelcher et al. (2015)10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.09.003OGR64_667 
Alexandra-0265508.3503.7506±2.3U-PbAge of Nb-Ta mineralizationcolumbite-(mn)4  Columbite-(Mn) Ta, Nb19876Rubikon Mine (Rubicon Mine), Okongava Ost Farm 72, Karibib, Erongo Region, NamibiaRubikonMelcher et al. (2015)10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.09.003OGR64_667 
Alexandra-0266511.7487.7499.7±12U-PbAge of Nb-Ta mineralizationcolumbite-(mn)4  Columbite-(Mn) Ta, Nb19876Rubikon Mine (Rubicon Mine), Okongava Ost Farm 72, Karibib, Erongo Region, NamibiaRubikonMelcher et al. (2015)10.1016/j.oregeorev.2013.09.003OGR64_667 
Scott-CGSN8_5-0005551479515±36Rb-SrAge of intrusionamblygonite, k-feldspar, muscovite     19876Rubikon Mine (Rubicon Mine), Okongava Ost Farm 72, Karibib, Erongo Region, NamibiaRubicon mineSteven et al. (1993) CGSN8_5P. 10 Table 3

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

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