Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Toki Cu Deposit (Toki Cluster), Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chile

Oldest recorded age at locality: 38.2
Youngest recorded age at locality: 37.6

mindat Locality ID: 205947
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-205947.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Toki Cu Deposit (Toki Cluster), Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chile": 5
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 5

Number of Child Localities: 5
Child Localities:
Genoveva Mine (Genoveva Prospect)
Miranda Mine
Opache Mine
Queténa Mine (Queténa Prospect)
Toki Mine (Toki Prospect)

Latitude: 22°25'21"S
Longitude: 68°57'12"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -22.4225,-68.953333333333

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Allophane	Alunite	Amarantite	Atacamite	Aubertite	Botryogen	Chalcanthite	Chalcopyrite	Clay	Copiapite
Copper	Coquimbite	Digenite	Halotrichite	Kieserite	Malachite	Metavoltine	Mica	Molybdenite	None
Not in a structural group	Pyrite	Quartz	Roselite	Römerite	Tamarugite	Voltaite

Alunogen ()*	Amarantite ()*	Atacamite ()*	Aubertite ()*	Bandylite ()*
Bornite ()*	Botryogen ()*	Butlerite ()*	Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*
Chrysocolla ()*	Copiapite ()*	Coquimbite ()*	Digenite ()*	Eriochalcite ()*
Fibroferrite ()*	Halotrichite ()*	Hohmannite ()*	Jarosite ()*	Krausite ()*
Kröhnkite ()*	Malachite ()*	Metahohmannite ()*	Metavoltine ()*	Molybdenite ()*
Muscovite ()*	Parabutlerite ()*	Paracoquimbite ()*	Paratacamite ()*	Pyrite ()*
Quartz ()*	Quenstedtite ()*	Römerite ()*	Silver ()*	Szomolnokite ()*
Tamarugite ()*	Voltaite ()*

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al B C Cl Cu Fe H K Mg Mo Na O S Si Zn

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al C Cu Fe H K Mo O S Si

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Allophane Alunite Amarantite Atacamite Aubertite Botryogen Chalcanthite Chalcopyrite Clay Copiapite
Copper Coquimbite Digenite Halotrichite Kieserite Malachite Metavoltine Mica Molybdenite None
Not in a structural group Pyrite Quartz Roselite Römerite Tamarugite Voltaite

37 IMA Minerals at location:

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Alunogen ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂(SO₄)₃(H₂O)₁₂·5H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	272
Amarantite ()*	Amarantite	Fe³⁺₂O(SO₄)₂·7H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	22
Atacamite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₂Cl(OH)₃	38.2	37.6	1	35835	544
Aubertite ()*	Aubertite	Cu²⁺Al(SO₄)₂Cl·14H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	13
Bandylite ()*	None	CuB(OH)₄Cl	38.2	37.6	1	35835	2
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	38.2	37.6	0		5516
Botryogen ()*	Botryogen	MgFe³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)·7H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	45
Butlerite ()*	Not in a structural group	Fe³⁺(SO₄)(OH)·2H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	26
Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcanthite	Cu(SO₄)·5H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	925
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	38.2	37.6	0		27198
Chrysocolla ()*	Allophane	(Cu_2-xAl_x)H_2-xSi₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O	38.2	37.6	0		3531
Copiapite ()*	Copiapite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₄(SO₄)₆(OH)₂·20H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	382
Coquimbite ()*	Coquimbite	AlFe₃(SO₄)₆(H₂O)₁₂·6H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	136
Digenite ()*	Digenite	Cu_1.8S	38.2	37.6	0		1027
Eriochalcite ()*	None	CuCl₂·2H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	13
Fibroferrite ()*	Not in a structural group	Fe³⁺(SO₄)(OH)·5H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	107
Halotrichite ()*	Halotrichite	Fe²⁺Al₂(SO₄)₄·22H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	409
Hohmannite ()*	Amarantite	Fe³⁺₂O(SO₄)₂·8H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	10
Jarosite ()*	Alunite	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	38.2	37.6	1	35835	2228
Krausite ()*	None	KFe³⁺(SO₄)₂·H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	21
Kröhnkite ()*	Roselite	Na₂Cu(SO₄)₂·2H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	27
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	38.2	37.6	0		12537
Metahohmannite ()*	Amarantite	Fe³⁺₂O(SO₄)₂·4H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	9
Metavoltine ()*	Metavoltine	K₂Na₆Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₆O₂(SO₄)₁₂·18H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	78
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂	38.2	37.6	0		5800
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	38.2	37.6	0		17380
Parabutlerite ()*	Not in a structural group	Fe³⁺(SO₄)(OH)·2H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	23
Paracoquimbite ()*	Coquimbite	Fe³⁺₄(SO₄)₆(H₂O)₁₂·6H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	30
Paratacamite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₃(Cu,Zn)Cl₂(OH)₆	38.2	37.6	1	35835	158
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	38.2	37.6	0		39462
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	38.2	37.6	1	35835	61156
Quenstedtite ()*	Not in a structural group	Fe³⁺₂(SO₄)₃·11H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	17
Römerite ()*	Römerite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂(SO₄)₄·14H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	115
Silver ()*	Copper	Ag	38.2	37.6	1	35835	5186
Szomolnokite ()*	Kieserite	Fe(SO₄)·H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	139
Tamarugite ()*	Tamarugite	NaAl(SO₄)₂·6H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	87
Voltaite ()*	Voltaite	K₂Fe²⁺₅Fe³⁺₃Al(SO₄)₁₂·18H₂O	38.2	37.6	1	35835	111

1 Ages assigned to this locality:

	Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Run Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
	PorphCu-00320	38.2	37.6	37.9±0.3									Atacamite, Bornite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Chrysocolla, Covellite, Epidote, Galena, Goethite, Hematite, Jarosite, Malachite, Pyrite, Sphalerite, Tenorite	Cu	205947	Toki Cu Deposit (Toki Cluster), Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chile	Toki	Singer et al. (2008)		USGSOFR2008_1155

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
R060751	Queténa Mine (Queténa Prospect), Toki Cu Deposit (Toki Cluster), Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chile	https://rruff.info/R060751
R070362	Queténa Mine (Queténa Prospect), Toki Cu Deposit (Toki Cluster), Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chile	https://rruff.info/R070362

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...