Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chile

Oldest recorded age at locality: 38.2
Youngest recorded age at locality: 31

mindat Locality ID: 205946
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-205946.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chile": 12
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 11

Number of Child Localities: 7
Child Localities:
Chuquicamata Mine
Mansa Mine North
Mansa Mine South
Ministro Hales Mine (Mina Ministro Hales; MMH; Mansa Mina Cu-Au Deposit)
Radomiro Tomić Mine (Codelco Norte Mine)
Restaradora Mine
Toki Cu Deposit (Toki Cluster)

Latitude: 22°20'47"S
Longitude: 68°54'44"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -22.346388888889,-68.912222222222

AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B C Ca Cl Cu F Fe H I K Mg Mn Mo N Na O P Pb S Sb Si Ti U V Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AdeliteAllophaneAlumAluminiteAluniteAmarantiteAmorphousAndalusiteAragoniteAtacamite
AubertiteBetpakdaliteBlöditeBotryogenBrochantiteCalciteChalcanthiteChalcophylliteChalcopyriteChenevixite
ClayClinozoisiteCopiapiteCopperCoquimbiteCorundumCovelliteDevillineDiasporeDigenite
DufréniteEnargiteEpidoteEpsomiteFeldsparGermaniteGypsumHalotrichiteKaoliniteKieserite
LeucophosphiteMalachiteMarcasiteMelanteriteMetavoltineMicaMolybdeniteNatrochalciteNoneNot in a structural group
PharmacosideritePicromeritePyritePyrophylliteQuartzRocksaltRoseliteRutileRömeriteScheelite
SphaleriteSpinelStanniteSulphurTamarugiteTetrahedriteTitaniteTurquoiseVoltaiteWurtzite

144 IMA Minerals at location:
Alum-(K)  (*)Aluminite  (*)Alunite  (*)Alunogen  (*)Amarantite  (*)
Anhydrite  (*)Antlerite  (*)Atacamite  (*)Aubertite  (*)Azurite  (*)
Bandylite  (*)Bellingerite  (*)Betpakdalite-NaNa  (*)Birnessite  (*)Blödite  (*)
Bornite  (*)Botryogen  (*)Brochantite  (*)Butlerite  (*)Calcite  (*)
Cerussite  (*)Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcophyllite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)
Chenevixite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Clinoatacamite  (*)Clinoclase  (*)Clinoungemachite  (*)
Colusite  (*)Conichalcite  (*)Copiapite  (*)Copper  (*)Coquimbite  (*)
Covellite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Cuprocopiapite  (*)Darapskite  (*)Devilline  (*)
Dickite  (*)Digenite  (*)Dioptase  (*)Djurleite  (*)Dolomite  (*)
Enargite  (*)Epidote  (*)Epsomite  (*)Eriochalcite  (*)Famatinite  (*)
Ferrimolybdite  (*)Ferrinatrite  (*)Fibroferrite  (*)Galena  (*)Goethite  (*)
Gold  (*)Gypsum  (*)Halite  (*)Halotrichite  (*)Hematite  (*)
Hetaerolite  (*)Hohmannite  (*)Huenite  (*)Idaite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)
Jarosite  (*)Kalinite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)Krausite  (*)Kröhnkite  (*)
Lavendulan  (*)Leightonite  (*)Leucophosphite  (*)Libethenite  (*)Lindgrenite  (*)
Magnesite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Manganite  (*)Marcasite  (*)
Marshite  (*)Melanterite  (*)Mendozavilite-KCa  (*)Mendozavilite-NaCu  (*)Mendozite  (*)
Metahohmannite  (*)Metasideronatrite  (*)Metatorbernite  (*)Metavoltine  (*)Metazeunerite  (*)
Miersite  (*)Minyulite  (*)Mirabilite  (*)Molybdenite  (*)Muscovite  (*)
Natroalunite  (*)Natrochalcite  (*)Natrodufrénite  (*)Natrojarosite  (*)Natropharmacosiderite  (*)
Nitratine  (*)Obradovicite-KCu  (*)Obradovicite-NaCu  (*)Obradovicite-NaNa  (*)Olivenite  (*)
Opal  (*)Orthoclase  (*)Parabutlerite  (*)Paracoquimbite  (*)Paratacamite  (*)
Pharmacosiderite  (*)Pickeringite  (*)Picromerite  (*)Plumbojarosite  (*)Posnjakite  (*)
Powellite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)Pyrophyllite  (*)Quartz  (*)
Quenstedtite  (*)Römerite  (*)Rutile  (*)Salesite  (*)Sampleite  (*)
Scorodite  (*)Sideronatrite  (*)Silver  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)
Sulphur  (*)Sylvite  (*)Szomolnokite  (*)Tamarugite  (*)Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)
Tenorite  (*)Thénardite  (*)Titanite  (*)Turquoise  (*)Ulexite  (*)
Ungemachite  (*)Voltaite  (*)Wulfenite  (*)Zoisite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Alum-(K)  (*)AlumKAl(SO4)2·12H2O35.073113582592
Aluminite  (*)AluminiteAl2(SO4)(OH)4·7H2O35.073113582578
Alunite  (*)NoneKAl3(SO4)2(OH)63531235825,35828966
Alunogen  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2(SO4)3(H2O)12·5H2O38.231235825,35835272
Amarantite  (*)AmarantiteFe3+2O(SO4)2·7H2O38.231235825,3583522
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)35.07311358251588
Antlerite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2+3(SO4)(OH)43531135825246
Atacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)338.231435825,35828,35829,35835544
Aubertite  (*)AubertiteCu2+Al(SO4)2Cl·14H2O38.231235825,3583513
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)235311358255509
Bandylite  (*)NoneCuB(OH)4Cl38.237.61358352
Bellingerite  (*)NoneCu3(IO3)6·2H2O35311358251
Betpakdalite-NaNa  (*)Betpakdalite[Na2(H2O)16Na(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O33(OH)4]35.0734.731358251
Birnessite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K)0.6(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4·1.5H2O35.0731135825178
Blödite  (*)BlöditeNa2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O35.0731135825130
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS438.231335825,35828,358315516
Botryogen  (*)BotryogenMgFe3+(SO4)2(OH)·7H2O38.231235825,3583545
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)635311358251633
Butlerite  (*)Not in a structural groupFe3+(SO4)(OH)·2H2O38.231235825,3583526
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)35.073113582527770
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)35.07311358254979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O38.231235825,35835925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S3531335825,35828,358295707
Chalcophyllite  (*)ChalcophylliteCu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24·36H2O3531135825194
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS238.231335825,35828,3583127198
Chenevixite  (*)ChenevixiteCuFe3+(AsO4)(OH)23531235825,3582890
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O38.232335828,35829,358313531
Clinoatacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)3353113582543
Clinoclase  (*)NoneCu3(AsO4)(OH)33531135825127
Clinoungemachite  (*)NoneK3Na8Fe3+(SO4)6(OH)2·10H2O35.07311358251
Colusite  (*)Sphalerite GermaniteCu13VAs3S163531135825110
Conichalcite  (*)AdeliteCaCu(AsO4)(OH)3531135825363
Copiapite  (*)CopiapiteFe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O38.231235825,35835382
Copper  (*)CopperCu35311358253846
Coquimbite  (*)CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12·6H2O38.231235825,35835136
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS3531235825,358284165
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O35311358252970
Cuprocopiapite  (*)CopiapiteCu2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O353113582512
Darapskite  (*)NoneNa3(SO4)(NO3)·H2O35.073113582531
Devilline  (*)DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O3531135825366
Dickite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)435.0731135825651
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S38.231335825,35828,358311027
Dioptase  (*)NoneCuSiO3·H2O3531135825164
Djurleite  (*)NoneCu31S163531135825300
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)235.07311358259895
Enargite  (*)Enargite WurtziteCu3AsS43531235825,35828910
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)3531235825,358288173
Epsomite  (*)EpsomiteMg(SO4)·7H2O35.0731135825484
Eriochalcite  (*)NoneCuCl2·2H2O38.237.613583513
Famatinite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu3SbS43531135825163
Ferrimolybdite  (*)NoneFe3+2(Mo6+O4)3·7H2O35.0734.73135825345
Ferrinatrite  (*)NoneNa3Fe3+(SO4)3·3H2O35.073113582525
Fibroferrite  (*)Not in a structural groupFe3+(SO4)(OH)·5H2O38.231235825,35835107
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS353113582524243
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)35.07311358257437
Gold  (*)CopperAu35.073113582530554
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O35.07311358256890
Halite  (*)RocksaltNaCl35.07311358251398
Halotrichite  (*)HalotrichiteFe2+Al2(SO4)4·22H2O38.231235825,35835409
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O335.0731235825,3582814640
Hetaerolite  (*)SpinelZnMn3+2O435.073113582573
Hohmannite  (*)AmarantiteFe3+2O(SO4)2·8H2O38.231235825,3583510
Huenite  (*)NoneCu4(MoO4)3(OH)235.07311358252
Idaite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu3FeS43531135825142
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O335.07311358255433
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)638.231335825,35828,358352228
Kalinite  (*)NoneKAl(SO4)2·11H2O35.073113582554
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)435311358255591
Krausite  (*)NoneKFe3+(SO4)2·H2O38.237.613583521
Kröhnkite  (*)RoseliteNa2Cu(SO4)2·2H2O38.231235825,3583527
Lavendulan  (*)NoneNaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl·5H2O3531135825149
Leightonite  (*)NoneK2Ca2Cu(SO4)4·2H2O35311358259
Leucophosphite  (*)LeucophosphiteKFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)·2H2O35.0731135825110
Libethenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(PO4)(OH)3531135825234
Lindgrenite  (*)NoneCu3(Mo6+O4)2(OH)235.0734.7313582521
Magnesite  (*)CalciteMg(CO3)35.07311358251487
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O435.073113582514899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)238.231235825,3583112537
Manganite  (*)RutileMn3+O(OH)35.0731135825770
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS235.07311358255674
Marshite  (*)SphaleriteCuI353113582512
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O35.0731135825915
Mendozavilite-KCa  (*)Betpakdalite[K2(H2O)15Ca(H2O)6][Mo8P2Fe3+3O34(OH)3]35.0734.731358251
Mendozavilite-NaCu  (*)Betpakdalite[Na2(H2O)15Cu(H2O)6][Mo8P2Fe3+3O34(OH)3]35.07311358252
Mendozite  (*)NoneNaAl(SO4)2·11H2O35.073113582528
Metahohmannite  (*)AmarantiteFe3+2O(SO4)2·4H2O38.231235825,358359
Metasideronatrite  (*)NoneNa2Fe3+(SO4)2(OH)·H2O35.073113582528
Metatorbernite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(PO4)2·8H2O3531135825443
Metavoltine  (*)MetavoltineK2Na6Fe2+Fe3+6O2(SO4)12·18H2O38.231235825,3583578
Metazeunerite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2·8H2O3531135825182
Miersite  (*)SphaleriteAgI35.073113582510
Minyulite  (*)NoneKAl2(PO4)2F·4H2O35.073113582531
Mirabilite  (*)NoneNa2(SO4)·10H2O35.0731135825223
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS238.231335825,35828,358315800
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)238.231335825,35828,3583117380
Natroalunite  (*)AluniteNaAl3(SO4)2(OH)635.0731135825128
Natrochalcite  (*)NatrochalciteNaCu2(SO4)2(OH)·H2O35311358256
Natrodufrénite  (*)DufréniteNaFe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O35.073113582546
Natrojarosite  (*)AluniteNaFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)635.0731135825254
Natropharmacosiderite  (*)PharmacosideriteNaFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·4H2O35.073113582513
Nitratine  (*)CalciteNa(NO3)35.073113582591
Obradovicite-KCu  (*)Betpakdalite[K2(H2O)17Cu(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O34(OH)3]35.07311358252
Obradovicite-NaCu  (*)Betpakdalite[Na2(H2O)17Cu(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O34(OH)3]35.07311358251
Obradovicite-NaNa  (*)Betpakdalite[Na2(H2O)16Na(H2O)6][Mo8As2Fe3+3O33(OH)4]35.0734.731358251
Olivenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(AsO4)(OH)3531135825492
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O35.07311358252994
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)35.07311358252349
Parabutlerite  (*)Not in a structural groupFe3+(SO4)(OH)·2H2O38.231235825,3583523
Paracoquimbite  (*)CoquimbiteFe3+4(SO4)6(H2O)12·6H2O38.237.613583530
Paratacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)Cl2(OH)638.231235825,35835158
Pharmacosiderite  (*)PharmacosideriteKFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·6-7H2O35.0731135825428
Pickeringite  (*)HalotrichiteMgAl2(SO4)4·22H2O35.0731135825265
Picromerite  (*)PicromeriteK2Mg(SO4)2·6H2O35.073113582544
Plumbojarosite  (*)AlunitePb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)635.0731135825477
Posnjakite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·H2O3531135825309
Powellite  (*)ScheeliteCa(MoO4)35.0734.73135825494
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS238.231335825,35828,3583139462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO235.07311358253106
Pyrophyllite  (*)Clay PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)23531235825,35828771
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO238.231335825,35831,3583561156
Quenstedtite  (*)Not in a structural groupFe3+2(SO4)3·11H2O38.237.613583517
Römerite  (*)RömeriteFe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4·14H2O38.231235825,35835115
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO235.07311358255614
Salesite  (*)NoneCu(IO3)(OH)35311358252
Sampleite  (*)NoneNaCaCu5(PO4)4Cl·5H2O353113582540
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O35.07311358251153
Sideronatrite  (*)NoneNa2Fe3+(SO4)2(OH)·3H2O35.073113582573
Silver  (*)CopperAg38.231235825,358355186
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)35.07311358252473
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS3531235825,3582821482
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS35.07311358252045
Sylvite  (*)RocksaltKCl135829275
Szomolnokite  (*)KieseriteFe(SO4)·H2O38.237.6135835139
Tamarugite  (*)TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2·6H2O38.231235825,3583587
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S133531235825,358281803
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO35311358251101
Thénardite  (*)NoneNa2(SO4)35.0731235825,35829299
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O35.07311358254899
Turquoise  (*)TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O3531135825484
Ulexite  (*)NoneNaCaB5O6(OH)6·5H2O35.0731135825160
Ungemachite  (*)NoneK3Na8Fe3+(SO4)6(NO3)2·6H2O35.07311358252
Voltaite  (*)VoltaiteK2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12·18H2O38.231235825,35835111
Wulfenite  (*)ScheelitePbMoO435.0734.731358251655
Zoisite  (*)EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)35.07311358251025



4 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Mo-0000735.0734.7334.9±0.17Re-Os, U-Pb molybdenite, zircon   Betpakdalite-CaCa, Ferrimolybdite, Lindgrenite, Molybdenite, Powellite, Wulfenite, Mendozavilite-KCaMo641Chuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, ChileChuquicamata MineBallard et al. (2001); Ossandón et al. (2001)   
PorphCu-00002353135–31      Alunite, Antlerite, Atacamite, Bornite, Brochantite, Chalcopyrite, Chrysocolla, Conichalcite, Covellite, Djurleite, Epidote, Galena, Jarosite, Kaolinite, Libethenite, Molybdenite, Montmorillonite, Pyrite, Pyrophyllite, Sampleite, SphaleriteCu641Chuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, ChileChuquicamataSinger et al. (2008) USGSOFR2008_1155 
PorphCu-00318353235–32      Alunite, Atacamite, Bornite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Chenevixite, Chrysocolla, Covellite, Digenite, Enargite, Epidote, Jarosite, Molybdenite, Pyrite, Pyrophyllite, SphaleriteCu205944Ministro Hales Mine (Mina Ministro Hales; MMH; Mansa Mina Cu-Au Deposit), Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, ChileMansa MinaSinger et al. (2008) USGSOFR2008_1155 
PorphCu-0032038.237.637.9±0.3      Atacamite, Bornite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Chrysocolla, Covellite, Epidote, Galena, Goethite, Hematite, Jarosite, Malachite, Pyrite, Sphalerite, TenoriteCu205947Toki Cu Deposit (Toki Cluster), Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, ChileTokiSinger et al. (2008) USGSOFR2008_1155 


SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R050212Chuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R050212
R050607Chuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R050607
R060018Chuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R060018
R050604Chuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R050604
R060111Chuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R060111
R050211Chuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R050211
R050213Chuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R050213
R100015Chuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R100015
R110015Chuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R110015
R060754Chuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R060754
R070547Chuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R070547
R050170Chuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R050170
R050572Chuquicamata Mine, Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R050572
R060751Queténa Mine (Queténa Prospect), Toki Cu Deposit (Toki Cluster), Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R060751
R070362Queténa Mine (Queténa Prospect), Toki Cu Deposit (Toki Cluster), Chuquicamata District, Calama, El Loa Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R070362


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