Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Kipushi, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo

Oldest recorded age at locality: 900
Youngest recorded age at locality: 427

mindat Locality ID: 234752
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-234752.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Kipushi, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo": 4
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 3

Number of Child Localities: 3
Child Localities:
Kakumba
Kinsevere Mine
Kipushi Mine

Latitude: 11°34'35"S
Longitude: 27°21'38"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -11.576388888889,27.360555555556
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Ba Bi C Ca Cd Cl Co Cr Cu F Fe Ga Ge H K Mg Mo Na O P Pb S Si Sn Ti V W Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAluniteAmphiboleAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteArsenicArsenopyriteAtacamiteBaryte
BrackebuschiteBrochantiteCalciteChalcanthiteChalcopyriteClayClinozoisiteCobaltiteCopperCorundum
CovelliteDescloiziteDiasporeEpidoteFeldsparFluoriteGermaniteGypsumKaoliniteLöllingite
MalachiteMarcasiteMicaMolybdeniteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupPhenakitePhilipsburgitePyrite
QuartzRocksaltScheeliteSphaleriteSpinelStanniteStannoiditeStibniteTalcTetrahedrite
TurquoiseVeszelyiteWurtzite

88 IMA Minerals at location:
Adamite  (*)Albite  (*)Anglesite  (*)Anhydrite  (*)Aragonite  (*)
Arsenopyrite  (*)Atacamite  (*)Aurichalcite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Beaverite-(Cu)  (*)Betekhtinite  (*)Bismuth  (*)Bismuthinite  (*)Bornite  (*)
Briartite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Calcite  (*)Carrollite  (*)Cerussite  (*)
Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Cobaltite  (*)
Copper  (*)Cosalite  (*)Covellite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Descloizite  (*)
Dioptase  (*)Dolomite  (*)Epidote  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)Fluorite  (*)
Galena  (*)Gallite  (*)Germanite  (*)Germanocolusite  (*)Goethite  (*)
Graphite  (*)Greenockite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Halite  (*)Hematite  (*)
Hemimorphite  (*)Heterogenite  (*)Hydrozincite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)
Kipushite  (*)Libethenite  (*)Linnaeite  (*)Löllingite  (*)Magnesite  (*)
Malachite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Massicot  (*)Molybdenite  (*)Muscovite  (*)
Phlogopite  (*)Pseudomalachite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)
Quartz  (*)Reichenbachite  (*)Renierite  (*)Scheelite  (*)Siderite  (*)
Silver  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Stannoidite  (*)Stromeyerite  (*)
Talc  (*)Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)Tremolite  (*)Tsumebite  (*)Tungstenite  (*)
Turquoise  (*)Vanadinite  (*)Vauquelinite  (*)Veszelyite  (*)Willemite  (*)
Witherite  (*)Zincite  (*)Zincobriartite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Adamite  (*)AndalusiteZn2(AsO4)(OH)474427148737254
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)4744271487378803
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)4744271487372734
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)4744271487371588
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)4744271487373250
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS4744271487379052
Atacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)3474427148737544
Aurichalcite  (*)None(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6474427148737919
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2474427248736,487375509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)47442714873711547
Beaverite-(Cu)  (*)AlunitePb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6474427148737132
Betekhtinite  (*)None(Cu,Fe)21Pb2S1547442714873745
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi4744271487371966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S34744271487371935
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS4474427248736,487375516
Briartite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2FeGeS447442714873712
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)64744271487371633
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)474427248736,4873727770
Carrollite  (*)SpinelCuCo2S4474427248736,48737154
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)4744271487374979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O474427148737925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S474427248736,487375707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2474427248736,4873727198
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O900427348735,48736,487373531
Cobaltite  (*)CobaltiteCoAsS474427148737966
Copper  (*)CopperCu474427248736,487373846
Cosalite  (*)NonePb2Bi2S5474427148737344
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS4744271487374165
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O474427248736,487372970
Descloizite  (*)DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)474427148737378
Dioptase  (*)NoneCuSiO3·H2O474427148737164
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)2474427248736,487379895
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)4744271487378173
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F4744271487372740
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF24744271487379617
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS47442714873724243
Gallite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuGaS24744271487377
Germanite  (*)Germanite SphaleriteCu13Fe2Ge2S1647442714873733
Germanocolusite  (*)Germanite SphaleriteCu13VGe3S164744271487375
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)4744271487377437
Graphite  (*)NoneC474427248736,487372812
Greenockite  (*)WurtziteCdS474427148737717
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O4744271487376890
Halite  (*)RocksaltNaCl4744271487371398
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3474427248736,4873714640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O4744271487371689
Heterogenite  (*)NoneCo3+O(OH)474427148736111
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)64744271487371066
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O34744271487375433
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)44744271487375591
Kipushite  (*)PhilipsburgiteCu6(PO4)2(OH)6·H2O4744271487378
Libethenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(PO4)(OH)474427148737234
Linnaeite  (*)SpinelCo2+Co3+2S4474427148737249
Löllingite  (*)LöllingiteFeAs2474427148737762
Magnesite  (*)CalciteMg(CO3)4744271487371487
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2900427348735,48736,4873712537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS24744271487375674
Massicot  (*)NonePbO474427148737202
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS24744271487375800
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2474427248736,4873717380
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)24744271487372273
Pseudomalachite  (*)NoneCu5(PO4)2(OH)4474427248736,48737369
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2474427248736,4873739462
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl4744271487371725
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S84744271487379056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO2900427348735,48736,4873761156
Reichenbachite  (*)NoneCu5(PO4)2(OH)447442714873726
Renierite  (*)Sphalerite Germanite(Cu1+,Zn)11Fe4(Ge4+,As5+)2S1647442714873737
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)4744271487374894
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)4744271487376417
Silver  (*)CopperAg4744271487375186
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)4744271487372473
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS47442714873721482
Stannoidite  (*)StannoiditeCu8(Fe,Zn)3Sn2S1247442714873780
Stromeyerite  (*)NoneCuAgS474427148737332
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2474427248736,487373337
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S134744271487371803
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)24744271487372562
Tsumebite  (*)BrackebuschitePb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH)47442714873732
Tungstenite  (*)MolybdeniteWS247442714873728
Turquoise  (*)TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O474427148737484
Vanadinite  (*)ApatitePb5(VO4)3Cl474427148737605
Vauquelinite  (*)NoneCuPb2(CrO4)(PO4)(OH)47442714873763
Veszelyite  (*)Veszelyite(Cu,Zn)2Zn(PO4)(OH)3·2H2O47442714873720
Willemite  (*)PhenakiteZn2SiO4474427148737303
Witherite  (*)AragoniteBa(CO3)474427148737251
Zincite  (*)WurtziteZnO47442714873798
Zincobriartite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2(Zn,Fe)(Ge,Ga)S44744271487371


3 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
sedcu-00399900900U. Proterozoic       Cu159574Lupoto Mine, Kakumba, Kipushi, Haut-Katanga, DR CongoLupatoCox et al. (2003) USGSOFR03_107 
Mo-00061474427 Pb-Pb, U-Pb     MolybdeniteMo4312Kipushi Mine, Kipushi, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo Kamona et al. (1999)10.1007/s001260050203MD34_273 
sedznpb-00196457.1445.1451.1±6.0 (Ru-Sr),|450.5±3.4 (Re-Os)Ru-Sr       4312Kipushi Mine, Kipushi, Haut-Katanga, DR CongoKipushiSinger et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1252 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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