Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Hotazel Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2400
Youngest recorded age at locality: 1010

mindat Locality ID: 2413
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-2413.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Hotazel Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa": 0
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 0

Latitude: 27°12'7"S
Longitude: 22°58'13"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -27.201944444444,22.970277777778
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al B Ba C Ca Fe H K Mg Mn Na O S Si Sr Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al B Ba C Ca Fe H K Mg Mn Na O S Si Sr Zn 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AmorphousBaryteBixbyiteBrauniteCalciteClinozoisiteCoronaditeEpidoteGypsumLepidocrocite
NoneQuartzRamsdelliteRutileSpinel

24 IMA Minerals at location:
Baryte  (*)Birnessite  (*)Bixbyite  (*)Braunite  (*)Calcite  (*)
Chalcophanite  (*)Cryptomelane  (*)Cymrite  (*)Epidote  (*)Gypsum  (*)
Hausmannite  (*)Hollandite  (*)Jacobsite  (*)Lepidocrocite  (*)Manganite  (*)
Nsutite  (*)Opal  (*)Piemontite  (*)Quartz  (*)Ramsdellite  (*)
Ranciéite  (*)Rhodochrosite  (*)Sussexite  (*)Todorokite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)24001010011547
Birnessite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K)0.6(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4·1.5H2O24001042.20178
Bixbyite  (*)BixbyiteMn3+2O324001042.20104
Braunite  (*)BrauniteMn2+Mn3+6O8(SiO4)24001042.20483
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)24001010027770
Chalcophanite  (*)NoneZnMn4+3O7·3H2O24001042.20197
Cryptomelane  (*)CoronaditeK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O1624001042.20599
Cymrite  (*)NoneBa(Si,Al)4(O,OH)8·H2O24001010046
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)2400101008173
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O2400101006890
Hausmannite  (*)SpinelMn2+Mn3+2O424001042.20350
Hollandite  (*)CoronaditeBa(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O1624001042.20243
Jacobsite  (*)SpinelMn2+Fe3+2O424001042.20172
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)240010100581
Manganite  (*)RutileMn3+O(OH)24001042.20770
Nsutite  (*)RamsdelliteMn2+xMn4+1-xO2-2x(OH)2x24001042.20121
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O2400101002994
Piemontite  (*)EpidoteCa2(Al2Mn3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)24001042.20260
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO224001010061156
Ramsdellite  (*)RamsdelliteMnO224001042.2088
Ranciéite  (*)None(Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2·0.6H2O24001042.20177
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)24001042.201711
Sussexite  (*)NoneMn2+BO2(OH)24001042.2025
Todorokite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12·3-4H2O24001042.20433


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Scott-AM88_189-0001mine


4 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Scott-EPSL298_125-0001240022002400-2200Fe isotopeage of deposition   Yes Mn54254Adams Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South AfricaAdams MineTsikos et Al. (2010)10.1016/j.epsl.2010.07.032EPSL298_125Within age bracket for the deposition of the Hotazel sediments
Grew_Li_2019_0050101010101010     YesLavinskyite 3071Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South AfricaWessels mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa (type)Cairncross and Beukes (2013) BOOK_KMF_2013 
Grew_Li_2019_0103101010101010     YesSugilite 3071Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South AfricaWessels and N'Chwaning mines, Kalahari manganese field, South AfricaGnos et al. (2003); Cairncross and Beukes (2013)   
Scott-AM88_189-000110541042.21048.1±5.9Ar-ArAge of mineral crystallizationsugilite  YesSugilite Mn3071Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South AfricaWessels Mine ( Wessel's Mine)Gnos et al. (2003)10.2138/am-2003-0122AM88_189 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

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