Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Cottonwood Mts, Panamint Mts (Panamint Range), Inyo Co., California, USA

Oldest recorded age at locality: 230.4
Youngest recorded age at locality: 3.5

mindat Locality ID: 254543
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-254543.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Cottonwood Mts, Panamint Mts (Panamint Range), Inyo Co., California, USA": 128
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 111

Number of Child Localities: 4
Child Localities:
Goldbelt District
Panamint Butte
Quartz Spring District
Ubehebe District

Latitude: 36°34'58"N
Longitude: 117°27'11"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 36.582777777778,-117.45305555556
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au Ba C Ca Cl Cr Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Mo Na O Pb S Sb Si V W Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AdeliteAllophaneAluniteAmphiboleApatiteAragoniteBaryteBournoniteCalciteCaledonite
ChalcopyriteClayClinozoisiteColumbiteCopperCoronaditeCorundumCovelliteEpidoteFeldspar
FluoriteFornaciteGarnetLinariteMalachiteMeliliteMolybdeniteNoneNot in a structural groupPyrite
PyrochloreQuartzRocksaltRutileScapoliteScheeliteSphaleriteTalcTetrahedriteTridymite
VesuvianiteWollastonite

57 IMA Minerals at location:
Andradite  (*)Anglesite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Aurichalcite  (*)Azurite  (*)
Baryte  (*)Bindheimite  (*)Bornite  (*)Bournonite  (*)Calcite  (*)
Caledonite  (*)Cerussite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)
Copper  (*)Coronadite  (*)Covellite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Cuprotungstite  (*)
Dolomite  (*)Duftite  (*)Epidote  (*)Ferrisurite  (*)Fluorite  (*)
Fornacite  (*)Galena  (*)Gehlenite  (*)Gold  (*)Hematite  (*)
Hemimorphite  (*)Hübnerite  (*)Hydrozincite  (*)Jarosite  (*)Linarite  (*)
Malachite  (*)Marialite  (*)Mimetite  (*)Molybdenite  (*)Nepheline  (*)
Orthoclase  (*)Powellite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)Quartz  (*)
Scheelite  (*)Silver  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Talc  (*)
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Tremolite  (*)Vanadinite  (*)Vesuvianite  (*)Wollastonite  (*)
Wulfenite  (*)Zoisite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Andradite  (*)GarnetCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)31743.511584571534
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)1741743158467,158472,1585312734
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)17417411584673250
Aurichalcite  (*)None(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)61741741158484919
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2230.43.52158448,1585005509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)174174115847711547
Bindheimite  (*)PyrochlorePb2Sb5+2O71158453450
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS4230.41742158448,1584615516
Bournonite  (*)BournoniteCuPbSbS311585311089
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)2158508,15853127770
Caledonite  (*)CaledoniteCu2Pb5(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)62158453,158531359
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)1741744158455,158467,158472,1585314979
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S1741364158461,158472,158531,1585335707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS21743.55158461,158500,158508,158531,15853427198
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O230.43.53158448,158485,1585003531
Copper  (*)CopperCu1743.52158457,1585003846
Coronadite  (*)CoronaditePb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O161158453227
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS17417411584724165
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O17417411584752970
Cuprotungstite  (*)NoneCu2+3(WO4)2(OH)2174174115846167
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)21741743158467,158519,1585319895
Duftite  (*)AdelitePbCu(AsO4)(OH)1741741158472220
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)1381362158531,1585488173
Ferrisurite  (*)NonePb2.4Fe3+2Si4O10(CO3)1.7(OH)3·nH2O17417411584724
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF2230.4225.64158444,158447,158448,1585319617
Fornacite  (*)FornaciteCuPb2(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH)174174115847285
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS1741745158454,158455,158467,158472,15853124243
Gehlenite  (*)MeliliteCa2Al(SiAl)O71158514114
Gold  (*)CopperAu2158454,15852930554
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3115844014640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O1741743158453,158467,1585311689
Hübnerite  (*)ColumbiteMn2+(WO4)1158506469
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)611585311066
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)611585302228
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)21741743158453,158472,158531987
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2230.43.512158448,158460,158461,158462,158471,158472,158475,158500,158507,158518,158533,15854712537
Marialite  (*)ScapoliteNa4Al3Si9O24Cl1741742158471,158486139
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl1741742158453,1584721107
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS217417411584805800
Nepheline  (*)TridymiteNa3K(Al4Si4O16)230.4225.61158449884
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)11585122349
Powellite  (*)ScheeliteCa(MoO4)1741741158480494
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2115844039462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO211584533106
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO21741366158440,158467,158472,158512,158529,15854861156
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)1741363158459,158461,1585484894
Silver  (*)CopperAg17417411584675186
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)1741743158453,158467,1585312473
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS1741742158467,15853121482
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)23158437,158438,1584453337
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S131741362158475,1585505317
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)2230.41743158450,158481,1585192562
Vanadinite  (*)ApatitePb5(VO4)3Cl1158531605
Vesuvianite  (*)Vesuvianite(Ca,Na)19(Al,Mg,Fe)13(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(OH,F,O)101741363158457,158481,1585521395
Wollastonite  (*)WollastoniteCaSiO31741743158434,158466,1584821247
Wulfenite  (*)ScheelitePbMoO41741744158453,158467,158472,1585311655
Zoisite  (*)EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)13813611585511025


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Michelle_392Ubehebe Peak is a quartz monzonite intrusion in the Last Chance Mountains of Death Valley National Monument. The host rock are steeply dipping Ordovician and Pennslyvanian strata.
Michelle_393Hunter Mountain batholith is a quartz monzonite intrusion. Shirley Ann Claim is a metamorphosed, heavily faulted, oxidized Pb-Cu deposit occurs in the contact of the Perdido Formation (interbedded limestone) and Hunter Mountain.
Michelle_394White Top Stock intrudes the White Top Backfold.


6 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Michelle_394230.4225.6228±2.4Ar-ArAge of intrusionmuscovite9-887  Muscovite  256537White Top Mountain, Goldbelt District, Cottonwood Mts, Panamint Mts (Panamint Range), Inyo Co., California, USAWhite Top StockSnow et al. (1991)10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0629:PTPATD>2.3.CO;2G19_629Age of White Top Stock intrusion.
Michelle_393174174174 Age of emplacement and ore mineralization      217764Hunter Mountain, Ubehebe District, Cottonwood Mts, Panamint Mts (Panamint Range), Inyo Co., California, USAHunter Mountain BatholithChen and Moore (1982)10.1029/JB087iB06p04761JGR87_4761Age of Hunter Mountain Batholith intrusion. Shirley Ann Claim formed with the introduction of the Hunter Mountain batholith in contact with the Mississippian aged Perdido Formation.
NAVDAT-219638.53.56±2.5   21963    78884Green Quartz Claim (Humbug), Hunter Mountain, Ubehebe District, Cottonwood Mts, Panamint Mts (Panamint Range), Inyo Co., California, USA NAVDAT NAVDAT 
NAVDAT-219648.53.56±2.5   21964    78884Green Quartz Claim (Humbug), Hunter Mountain, Ubehebe District, Cottonwood Mts, Panamint Mts (Panamint Range), Inyo Co., California, USA NAVDAT NAVDAT 
NAVDAT-219658.53.56±2.5   21965    78884Green Quartz Claim (Humbug), Hunter Mountain, Ubehebe District, Cottonwood Mts, Panamint Mts (Panamint Range), Inyo Co., California, USA NAVDAT NAVDAT 
Michelle_392138136137±1 Age of quartz monzonite and aureole    Forsterite, Periclase, Tremolite, Wollastonite 219930Ubehebe Peak, Ubehebe District, Cottonwood Mts, Panamint Mts (Panamint Range), Inyo Co., California, USAUbehebe PeakRoselle et al. (1999)10.2475/ajs.299.2.93AJS299_93Age of quartz monzonite intrusion and introduction of magmatic fluids.

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R060055Shirley Ann Group (Shirley Ann Claim; Dodd Springs; Trail; Eureka; Sal; June; Bee Em Tee), Big Dodd Spring, Ubehebe District, Cottonwood Mts, Panamint Mts (Panamint Range), Inyo Co., California, USAhttps://rruff.info/R060055

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