Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Valchiavenna, Sondrio Province, Lombardy, Italy


mindat Locality ID: 259618
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-259618.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Valchiavenna, Sondrio Province, Lombardy, Italy": 61
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 47

Number of Child Localities: 6
Child Localities:
Bodengo Valley
Bregaglia Valley
Chiavenna
Novate Mezzola
Prata Camportaccio
Spluga Valley (San Giacomo Valley)

Latitude: 46°18'58"N
Longitude: 9°25'5"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 46.316111111111,9.4180555555556
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As Au B Ba Be Bi C Ca Ce Cl Cr Cu F Fe H K Li Mg Mn Mo Na Nb O P Pb S Sb Si Sr Ta Th Ti U W Y Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AeschyniteAllaniteAllophaneAluniteAmorphousAmphiboleAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteArrojadite
ArsenicArsenoliteArsenopyriteAxiniteBaryteBerylBismutiteBrookiteCalciteCancrinite-sodalite
ChabaziteChalcopyriteChloriteClayClinozoisiteColumbiteCompreignaciteCopperCorundumDiaspore
DumortieriteEpidoteEttringiteFeldsparFluoriteGarnetGraftoniteGypsumHarmotomeHeulandite
HumiteIlvaiteLöllingiteLazuliteMalachiteMeneghiniteMicaMilariteMolybdeniteMonazite
MordeniteNatroliteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupOlivinePrehnitePyritePyrophyllitePyroxene
QuartzRhodoniteRocksaltRutileSapphirineScapoliteScheeliteSchoepiteSerpentineSodalite
SpinelStibniteStilbiteTalcTapioliteTitaniteTourmalineTripliteVesuvianiteVivianite
WagneriteWollastoniteZircon

136 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Aeschynite-(Y)  (*)Albite  (*)Allanite-(Ce)  (*)Almandine  (*)
Anatase  (*)Andalusite  (*)Anorthite  (*)Anthophyllite  (*)Antigorite  (*)
Aragonite  (*)Arsenic  (*)Arsenolite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Axinite-(Fe)  (*)
Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)Bavenite  (*)Becquerelite  (*)Bertrandite  (*)
Beryl  (*)Bismite  (*)Bismuth  (*)Bismuthinite  (*)Bismutite  (*)
Bornite  (*)Brookite  (*)Calcite  (*)Chabazite-Ca  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)
Chamosite  (*)Chiavennite  (*)Chlorapatite  (*)Chondrodite  (*)Chromite  (*)
Chrysoberyl  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Chrysotile  (*)Clinochlore  (*)Clinohumite  (*)
Clinozoisite  (*)Columbite-(Fe)  (*)Columbite-(Mn)  (*)Compreignacite  (*)Cordierite  (*)
Corundum  (*)Diopside  (*)Dolomite  (*)Dravite  (*)Dumortierite  (*)
Elbaite  (*)Enstatite  (*)Epidote  (*)Epistilbite  (*)Ferrimolybdite  (*)
Ferrisicklerite  (*)Ferro-hornblende  (*)Fluor-elbaite  (*)Fluor-tsilaisite  (*)Fluorite  (*)
Forsterite  (*)Gahnite  (*)Galena  (*)Gladite  (*)Goethite  (*)
Gold  (*)Graftonite  (*)Grossular  (*)Gypsum  (*)Harmotome  (*)
Helvine  (*)Hematite  (*)Heulandite-Ca  (*)Humite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)
Ilvaite  (*)Inesite  (*)Johannsenite  (*)Kyanite  (*)Laumontite  (*)
Lazulite  (*)Lizardite  (*)Löllingite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)
Meionite  (*)Meneghinite  (*)Microcline  (*)Milarite  (*)Molybdenite  (*)
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)Muscovite  (*)Opal  (*)Orthoclase  (*)Phlogopite  (*)
Polycrase-(Y)  (*)Prehnite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrope  (*)Pyrophyllite  (*)
Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Rhodonite  (*)Rutile  (*)Sapphirine  (*)
Scheelite  (*)Schoepite  (*)Schorl  (*)Scolecite  (*)Siderite  (*)
Arrojadite-(BaFe)  (*)Sillimanite  (*)Spessartine  (*)Spinel  (*)Staněkite  (*)
Stellerite  (*)Stilbite-Ca  (*)Svanbergite  (*)Talc  (*)Tapiolite-(Fe)  (*)
Thaumasite  (*)Thorianite  (*)Thorite  (*)Titanite  (*)Tremolite  (*)
Triplite  (*)Uraninite  (*)Uranophane-α  (*)Uranopolycrase  (*)Vesuvianite  (*)
Vivianite  (*)Wollastonite  (*)Woodhouseite  (*)Xenotime-(Y)  (*)Yugawaralite  (*)
Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2670039,70044,70054,70059,70062,700643419
Aeschynite-(Y)  (*)Aeschynite(Y,Ln,Ca,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6170032141
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)2270024,70025,70030,70032,70035,70037,70039,70042,70043,70044,70050,70054,70057,70059,70061,70063,70064,70076,70078,70079,70080,700838803
Allanite-(Ce)  (*)Allanite EpidoteCaCe(Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)970029,70039,70042,70043,70049,70050,70059,70061,70062706
Almandine  (*)GarnetFe2+3Al2(SiO4)3470025,70037,70041,700592353
Anatase  (*)Not in a structural groupTiO21370023,70030,70036,70037,70039,70059,70073,70075,70076,70079,70080,70081,700832162
Andalusite  (*)AndalusiteAl2SiO5870026,70033,70034,70036,70039,70042,70045,700591310
Anorthite  (*)FeldsparCa(Al2Si2O8)270059,700621036
Anthophyllite  (*)Amphibole   Mg2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2370050,70059,70064718
Antigorite  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)4170028708
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)370076,70079,700803250
Arsenic  (*)ArsenicAs170075379
Arsenolite  (*)ArsenoliteAs2O3170075231
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS670037,70042,70043,70054,70057,700769052
Axinite-(Fe)  (*)AxiniteCa4Fe2+2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2170036260
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2470039,70042,70043,700595509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)17007611547
Bavenite  (*)NoneCa4Be2+xAl2-xSi9O26-x(OH)2+x (x = 0 to 1)670037,70039,70041,70042,70043,70059255
Becquerelite  (*)NoneCa(UO2)6O4(OH)6·8H2O17005992
Bertrandite  (*)Not in a structural groupBe4Si2O7(OH)2570037,70039,70048,70057,70059606
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O182770024,70025,70027,70030,70033,70037,70039,70041,70042,70043,70044,70045,70046,70048,70049,70050,70051,70052,70054,70055,70057,70058,70059,70061,70063,70067,700684286
Bismite  (*)NoneBi2O3570048,70049,70057,70059,70060214
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi270049,700601966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S31070033,70037,70039,70041,70048,70049,70054,70057,70059,700601935
Bismutite  (*)BismutiteBi2O2(CO3)770039,70041,70048,70049,70054,70059,70060716
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS4270042,700435516
Brookite  (*)BrookiteTiO2770030,70032,70076,70079,70080,70081,70083700
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)1370028,70030,70039,70042,70050,70053,70058,70059,70064,70076,70079,70080,7008327770
Chabazite-Ca  (*)ChabaziteCa2[Al4Si8O24]·13H2O570037,70046,70050,70058,70060310
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS21170030,70037,70039,70042,70043,70049,70050,70059,70060,70062,7007627198
Chamosite  (*)Chlorite Clay(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8170059577
Chiavennite  (*)NoneCaMn2+(BeOH)2Si5O13·2H2O270037,7006622
Chlorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3Cl170025203
Chondrodite  (*)HumiteMg5(SiO4)2F2570028,70050,70055,70060,70062285
Chromite  (*)SpinelFe2+Cr2O41700593902
Chrysoberyl  (*)OlivineBeAl2O4570033,70039,70042,70050,70059321
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O470042,70043,70050,700593531
Chrysotile  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)4170065951
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8270030,700351756
Clinohumite  (*)HumiteMg9(SiO4)4F2570028,70050,70055,70060,70062236
Clinozoisite  (*)Clinozoisite EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)470055,70060,70062,700641025
Columbite-(Fe)  (*)ColumbiteFe2+Nb2O6670039,70041,70048,70054,70057,70059518
Columbite-(Mn)  (*)ColumbiteMn2+Nb2O6470025,70039,70059,70067289
Compreignacite  (*)CompreignaciteK2(UO2)6O4(OH)6·7H2O270042,7004327
Cordierite  (*)BerylMg2Al4Si5O18570033,70034,70044,70047,700501008
Corundum  (*)CorundumAl2O31700261797
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O61070028,70035,70042,70051,70055,70057,70060,70062,70064,700804135
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)2670028,70050,70058,70075,70076,700799895
Dravite  (*)TourmalineNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)470032,70039,70059,70079648
Dumortierite  (*)DumortieriteAlAl6BSi3O18170070231
Elbaite  (*)TourmalineNa(Al1.5Li1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)170059520
Enstatite  (*)PyroxeneMg2Si2O6170059944
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)2370023,70028,70030,70035,70039,70041,70042,70043,70044,70048,70049,70050,70051,70053,70054,70055,70057,70058,70059,70062,70063,70064,700808173
Epistilbite  (*)MordeniteCa3[Si18Al6O48]·16H2O370042,70058,70062138
Ferrimolybdite  (*)NoneFe3+2(Mo6+O4)3·7H2O270049,70063345
Ferrisicklerite  (*)OlivineLi1-x(Fe3+,Mn2+)(PO4)170025108
Ferro-hornblende  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Fe2+4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2170035271
Fluor-elbaite  (*)TourmalineNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F17003931
Fluor-tsilaisite  (*)TourmalineNaMn2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F1700392
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF21700649617
Forsterite  (*)OlivineMg2(SiO4)470028,70047,70050,700621188
Gahnite  (*)SpinelZnAl2O4270037,70039445
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS570039,70050,70055,70059,7007624243
Gladite  (*)MeneghiniteCuPbBi5S9370041,70054,7005967
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)270034,700807437
Gold  (*)CopperAu17003030554
Graftonite  (*)GraftoniteFe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2170025107
Grossular  (*)GarnetCa3Al2(SiO4)3970028,70030,70042,70050,70055,70057,70060,70062,700641544
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O1700766890
Harmotome  (*)HarmotomeBa2(Si12Al4)O32·12H2O270047,70050290
Helvine  (*)Sodalite Cancrinite-sodaliteBe3Mn2+4(SiO4)3S470039,70048,70057,70059237
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O31170032,70039,70059,70061,70064,70073,70076,70079,70080,70081,7008314640
Heulandite-Ca  (*)Heulandite(Ca,Na,K)5(Si27Al9)O72·26H2O570042,70054,70058,70059,70062246
Humite  (*)HumiteMg7(SiO4)3F217006280
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O3870030,70034,70035,70040,70050,70056,70064,700805433
Ilvaite  (*)IlvaiteCaFe3+Fe2+2O(Si2O7)(OH)270039,70059197
Inesite  (*)NoneCa2Mn2+7Si10O28(OH)2·5H2O17005950
Johannsenite  (*)PyroxeneCaMnSi2O617005973
Kyanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2OSiO4270024,700331507
Laumontite  (*)Not in a structural groupCaAl2Si4O12·4H2O1270037,70041,70042,70043,70046,70050,70053,70054,70058,70062,70064,700701271
Lazulite  (*)LazuliteMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2270077,70082232
Lizardite  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)4270062,70065359
Löllingite  (*)LöllingiteFeAs2170075762
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O41170039,70042,70043,70046,70050,70055,70057,70059,70062,70063,7006514899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2470039,70042,70043,7005912537
Meionite  (*)ScapoliteCa4Al6Si6O24(CO3)170035176
Meneghinite  (*)MeneghinitePb13CuSb7S24170049158
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)970039,70042,70043,70048,70051,70057,70059,70061,700634924
Milarite  (*)MilariteKCa2(Be2AlSi12)O30·H2O270037,70059156
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS2470039,70049,70060,700635800
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)MonaziteCe(PO4)970032,70039,70041,70042,70043,70054,70059,70080,70081945
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)23270025,70028,70032,70033,70034,70035,70037,70039,70041,70042,70043,70044,70045,70046,70047,70048,70049,70050,70051,70053,70054,70055,70057,70058,70059,70061,70063,70064,70068,70070,70078,7007917380
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O270037,700642994
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)1470037,70041,70042,70043,70044,70046,70051,70054,70055,70057,70059,70061,70063,700642349
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)21270028,70047,70048,70050,70051,70057,70058,70059,70060,70062,70063,700642273
Polycrase-(Y)  (*)ColumbiteY(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6570042,70043,70048,70059,70063121
Prehnite  (*)PrehniteCa2Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)2870023,70039,70050,70053,70058,70059,70064,700801898
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS22170023,70034,70035,70037,70039,70040,70044,70048,70051,70052,70054,70055,70057,70058,70059,70060,70063,70064,70076,70079,7008039462
Pyrope  (*)GarnetMg3Al2(SiO4)3270047,70050341
Pyrophyllite  (*)Clay PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2170082771
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S8370037,70040,700569056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO23070024,70025,70028,70032,70033,70034,70035,70037,70039,70042,70043,70044,70049,70050,70053,70054,70058,70059,70062,70063,70064,70067,70068,70070,70073,70078,70079,70080,70081,7008361156
Rhodonite  (*)RhodoniteCaMn3Mn(Si5O15)170059969
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO21570032,70035,70037,70039,70042,70043,70056,70061,70062,70068,70076,70077,70080,70081,700835614
Sapphirine  (*)SapphirineMg4(Mg3Al9)O4[Si3Al9O36]170047129
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)1700644894
Schoepite  (*)Schoepite(UO2)4O(OH)6(H2O)617005994
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)1970024,70025,70027,70033,70037,70041,70042,70043,70044,70048,70050,70051,70054,70057,70058,70059,70068,70070,700782705
Scolecite  (*)NatroliteCa(Si3Al2)O10·3H2O770041,70049,70050,70054,70058,70062,70079390
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)670037,70039,70042,70043,70059,700806417
Arrojadite-(BaFe)  (*)ArrojaditeBaFe2+(CaNa2)Fe2+13Al(PO4)11(PO3OH)(OH)21700777
Sillimanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2SiO5870033,70039,70042,70043,70044,70050,70059,700631516
Spessartine  (*)GarnetMn2+3Al2(SiO4)32570030,70033,70039,70041,70042,70043,70044,70045,70046,70048,70049,70050,70051,70052,70053,70054,70055,70057,70058,70059,70060,70061,70063,70064,700681214
Spinel  (*)SpinelMgAl2O4670028,70039,70042,70059,70062,700641934
Staněkite  (*)WagneriteFe3+Mn2+O(PO4)17002513
Stellerite  (*)StilbiteCa4(Si28Al8)O72·28H2O370044,70054,70057189
Stilbite-Ca  (*)StilbiteNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72·28H2O1170041,70042,70043,70046,70048,70050,70051,70054,70057,70058,70059268
Svanbergite  (*)AluniteSrAl3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)6170077105
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2370028,70039,700643337
Tapiolite-(Fe)  (*)TapioliteFe2+Ta2O617002588
Thaumasite  (*)EttringiteCa3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)·12H2O270042,70043183
Thorianite  (*)FluoriteThO2170039236
Thorite  (*)ZirconTh(SiO4)1700371006
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O1870023,70029,70032,70035,70037,70039,70040,70041,70042,70043,70050,70053,70054,70058,70059,70062,70064,700814899
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)2370028,70059,700622562
Triplite  (*)TripliteMn2+2(PO4)F170039233
Uraninite  (*)FluoriteUO21070029,70030,70037,70039,70042,70043,70048,70054,70059,700632718
Uranophane-α  (*)NoneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·5H2O170048890
Uranopolycrase  (*)ColumbiteUTi2O617006313
Vesuvianite  (*)Vesuvianite(Ca,Na)19(Al,Mg,Fe)13(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(OH,F,O)10470042,70043,70055,700621395
Vivianite  (*)VivianiteFe2+3(PO4)2·8H2O170025636
Wollastonite  (*)WollastoniteCaSiO3470055,70060,70062,700641247
Woodhouseite  (*)AluniteCaAl3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)617007762
Xenotime-(Y)  (*)ZirconY(PO4)570032,70037,70039,70043,70059939
Yugawaralite  (*)NoneCa(Si6Al2)O16·4H2O270050,7005833
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)1370025,70029,70030,70033,70037,70039,70041,70042,70043,70054,70059,70064,700785251


No ages have been assigned to this locality yet.
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