Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture Mine; Kimberley Underground Mine), Kimberley, Francis Baard District, Northern Cape, South Africa

Oldest recorded age at locality: 190
Youngest recorded age at locality: 81

mindat Locality ID: 297458
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-297458.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture Mine; Kimberley Underground Mine), Kimberley, Francis Baard District, Northern Cape, South Africa": 3
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 3

Number of Child Localities: 3
Child Localities:
Bultfontein Mine
Dutoitspan Mine
Wesselton Mine (Wesselton Shaft)

Latitude: 28°45'55"S
Longitude: 24°48'23"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -28.765277777778,24.806388888889

AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al Ba C Ca Cl Cr F Fe H K Mg Na Ni O P S Si Sr Ti Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AmphiboleAphthitaliteApophylliteAragoniteArcaniteBaryteBradleyiteCalciteClayCoronadite
CorundumCrichtoniteDiamondFairchilditeFluoriteMagnetoplumbiteMicaNatroliteNickelineNone
OlivinePectolitePentlanditePerovskitePseudobrookitePyritePyroxeneRhodesiteRocksaltRutile
SpinelSpurrite-AfwilliteTitanite

53 IMA Minerals at location:
Afwillite  (*)Aphthitalite  (*)Arcanite  (*)Armalcolite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Bradleyite  (*)Bultfonteinite  (*)Calcite  (*)Celestine  (*)Chromite  (*)
Corundum  (*)Diamond  (*)Diopside  (*)Dolomite  (*)Eitelite  (*)
Enstatite  (*)Fairchildite  (*)Fluorapophyllite-(K)  (*)Fluorite  (*)Freudenbergite  (*)
Gregoryite  (*)Halite  (*)Hawthorneite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Kalsilite  (*)
Kogarkoite  (*)Lindsleyite  (*)Magnesioferrite  (*)Magnesite  (*)Magnetite  (*)
Mathiasite  (*)Monticellite  (*)Mountainite  (*)Nahcolite  (*)Natrite  (*)
Natrolite  (*)Nyerereite  (*)Pectolite  (*)Pentlandite  (*)Perovskite  (*)
Phlogopite  (*)Potassic-richterite  (*)Priderite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)
Rhodesite  (*)Rutile  (*)Shortite  (*)Spinel  (*)Sylvite  (*)
Titanite  (*)Witherite  (*)Zemkorite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Afwillite  (*)Spurrite-AfwilliteCa3[SiO4][SiO2(OH)2]·2H2O9081110699541
Aphthitalite  (*)AphthitaliteK3Na(SO4)219089.49110699477
Arcanite  (*)ArcaniteK2(SO4)19089.49110699430
Armalcolite  (*)Pseudobrookite(Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5190812106994,10699539
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)19089.49110699411547
Bradleyite  (*)BradleyiteNa3Mg(PO4)(CO3)19089.49110699414
Bultfonteinite  (*)Spurrite-AfwilliteCa2SiO3(OH)F·H2O190812106994,10699520
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)190812106994,10699627770
Celestine  (*)BaryteSr(SO4)19089.4911069941252
Chromite  (*)SpinelFe2+Cr2O4190813106994,106995,1069963902
Corundum  (*)CorundumAl2O3908111069961797
Diamond  (*)DiamondC190813106994,106995,106996697
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O619089.4911069944135
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)219089.4911069949895
Eitelite  (*)NoneNa2Mg(CO3)219089.49110699420
Enstatite  (*)PyroxeneMg2Si2O690812106995,106996944
Fairchildite  (*)FairchilditeK2Ca(CO3)219089.49110699410
Fluorapophyllite-(K)  (*)ApophylliteKCa4Si8O20F·8H2O19089.491106994303
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF219089.4911069949617
Freudenbergite  (*)NoneNa(Ti4+3Fe3+)O819089.4911069948
Gregoryite  (*)NoneNa2(CO3)19089.4911069943
Halite  (*)RocksaltNaCl19089.4911069941398
Hawthorneite  (*)MagnetoplumbiteBaMgTi3Cr4Fe2+2Fe3+2O1919089.4911069942
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O3190813106994,106995,1069965433
Kalsilite  (*)NoneKAlSiO419089.49110699449
Kogarkoite  (*)NoneNa3(SO4)F19089.49110699414
Lindsleyite  (*)Crichtonite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38190177110699412
Magnesioferrite  (*)SpinelMgFe3+2O419089.49110699498
Magnesite  (*)CalciteMg(CO3)19089.4911069941487
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O419089.49110699414899
Mathiasite  (*)Crichtonite(K,Ba,Sr)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O3819017711069947
Monticellite  (*)OlivineCaMg(SiO4)19089.491106994153
Mountainite  (*)NoneKNa2Ca2[Si8O19(OH)]·6H2O19089.4911069945
Nahcolite  (*)NoneNaH(CO3)19089.49110699478
Natrite  (*)NoneNa2(CO3)19089.49110699419
Natrolite  (*)NatroliteNa2(Si3Al2)O10·2H2O19089.4911069941236
Nyerereite  (*)FairchilditeNa2Ca(CO3)219089.49110699418
Pectolite  (*)PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)90811106995363
Pentlandite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S819089.4911069941512
Perovskite  (*)PerovskiteCaTiO3190812106994,106996495
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2190813106994,106995,1069962273
Potassic-richterite  (*)AmphiboleK(NaCa)Mg5Si8O22(OH)219089.49110699421
Priderite  (*)CoronaditeK(Ti7Fe3+)O1619089.49110699441
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS29081110699539462
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S819089.4911069949056
Rhodesite  (*)RhodesiteKHCa2Si8O19·5H2O19089.49110699411
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO2190812106994,1069955614
Shortite  (*)NoneNa2Ca2(CO3)319089.49110699437
Spinel  (*)SpinelMgAl2O4190812106994,1069961934
Sylvite  (*)RocksaltKCl19089.491106994275
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O19017711069944899
Witherite  (*)AragoniteBa(CO3)19089.491106994251
Zemkorite  (*)NoneNa2Ca(CO3)290.6589.4911069945



Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Michelle_382Sample is a MARID xenolith collected from Bultfontein diamond mine dumps. Bultfontein kimberlite is part of the Kimberley Cluster in the Kaapval Craton.
Michelle_383Sample is a LIMA xenolith collected from Bultfontein diamond mine dumps. Bultfontein kimberlite is part of the Kimberley Cluster in the Kaapval Craton.
Michelle_384See Section 2. Age refers to the kimberlite emplacement in the Kimberley Kimberlite cluster.


3 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Michelle_384908181-90 Age of kimberlite emplacement for the Kimberley cluster   Yes  56310Kimberley, Francis Baard District, Northern Cape, South AfricaKimberley kimberlites clusterGiuliani et al (2014)10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.044EPSL400_132Age of kimberlite emplacement for the Kimberley cluster. Author believes age to reflect previous geochronological work of various methods.
Michelle_38290.6589.4990.07±0.58U-PbAge of metasomatic mantle events prior to kimberlite emplacementzirconXM1/331  ZirconZemkorite 8982Bultfontein Mine, KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture Mine; Kimberley Underground Mine), Kimberley, Francis Baard District, Northern Cape, South AfricaBultfontein KimberliteGiuliani et al. (2015) NC6_7837Supplementary Figure 8, Figure 2. Age of MARID xenolith from kimberlite. Age suggests that metasomatic mantle events occurred prior to orangeite magmatism beneath the Kimberley area.
Michelle_383190177177-190U-PbAge of metasomatic mantle eventstitaniteXM1/341, XM1/345, XM1/362  TitaniteLindsleyite, Mathiasite 8982Bultfontein Mine, KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture Mine; Kimberley Underground Mine), Kimberley, Francis Baard District, Northern Cape, South AfricaBultfontein KimberliteGiuliani et al. (2015) NC6_7837Figure 2. Age of LIMA xenolith from kimberlite.


SampleSource LocalityReference URL


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