Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Kimberley, Francis Baard District, Northern Cape, South Africa

Oldest recorded age at locality: 190
Youngest recorded age at locality: 81

mindat Locality ID: 56310
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-56310.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Kimberley, Francis Baard District, Northern Cape, South Africa": 13
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 10

Number of Child Localities: 8
Child Localities:
Benfontein Sills
Blaauwkrantz
De Beers Mine
Dronfield
Kampfersdam Mine
KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture Mine; Kimberley Underground Mine)
Kimberley Mine
Riverton Mine

Latitude: 28°41'4"S
Longitude: 24°46'25"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -28.684444444444,24.773611111111

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Amphibole	Aphthitalite	Apophyllite	Aragonite	Arcanite	Baddeleyite	Baryte	Bradleyite	Calcite	Clay
Coronadite	Corundum	Crichtonite	Diamond	Fairchildite	Fluorite	Garnet	Magnetoplumbite	Mica	Natrolite
Nickeline	None	Olivine	Pectolite	Pentlandite	Perovskite	Pseudobrookite	Pyrite	Pyroxene	Quartz
Rhodesite	Rocksalt	Rutile	Spinel	Spurrite-Afwillite	Titanite

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al Ba C Ca Cl Cr F Fe H K Mg Na Ni O P S Si Sr Ti Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al Ca F Fe H K Mg Na O Si Ti

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Amphibole Aphthitalite Apophyllite Aragonite Arcanite Baddeleyite Baryte Bradleyite Calcite Clay
Coronadite Corundum Crichtonite Diamond Fairchildite Fluorite Garnet Magnetoplumbite Mica Natrolite
Nickeline None Olivine Pectolite Pentlandite Perovskite Pseudobrookite Pyrite Pyroxene Quartz
Rhodesite Rocksalt Rutile Spinel Spurrite-Afwillite Titanite

61 IMA Minerals at location:

Afwillite ()*	Aphthitalite ()*	Arcanite ()*	Armalcolite ()*	Baddeleyite ()*
Baryte ()*	Bradleyite ()*	Bultfonteinite ()*	Calcite ()*	Celestine ()*
Chromite ()*	Corundum ()*	Diamond ()*	Diopside ()*	Dolomite ()*
Eitelite ()*	Enstatite ()*	Fairchildite ()*	Fluorapophyllite-(K) ()*	Fluorite ()*
Freudenbergite ()*	Geikielite ()*	Gregoryite ()*	Halite ()*	Hawthorneite ()*
Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) ()*	Ilmenite ()*	Kalsilite ()*	Kinoshitalite ()*	Kogarkoite ()*
Lindsleyite ()*	Magnesioferrite ()*	Magnesite ()*	Magnetite ()*	Mathiasite ()*
Monticellite ()*	Mountainite ()*	Nahcolite ()*	Natrite ()*	Natrolite ()*
Nyerereite ()*	Omphacite ()*	Pectolite ()*	Pentlandite ()*	Perovskite ()*
Phlogopite ()*	Potassic-richterite ()*	Priderite ()*	Pyrite ()*	Pyrope ()*
Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Rhodesite ()*	Rutile ()*	Shortite ()*
Spinel ()*	Sylvite ()*	Titanite ()*	Ulvöspinel ()*	Witherite ()*
Zemkorite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Afwillite ()*	Spurrite-Afwillite	Ca₃[SiO₄][SiO₂(OH)₂]·2H₂O	90	81	1	106995	41
Aphthitalite ()*	Aphthitalite	K₃Na(SO₄)₂	190	89.49	1	106994	77
Arcanite ()*	Arcanite	K₂(SO₄)	190	89.49	1	106994	30
Armalcolite ()*	Pseudobrookite	(Mg,Fe²⁺)Ti₂O₅	190	81	2	106994,106995	39
Baddeleyite ()*	Baddeleyite	ZrO₂	90	81	2	106986,106988	238
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	190	81	2	106988,106994	11547
Bradleyite ()*	Bradleyite	Na₃Mg(PO₄)(CO₃)	190	89.49	1	106994	14
Bultfonteinite ()*	Spurrite-Afwillite	Ca₂SiO₃(OH)F·H₂O	190	81	2	106994,106995	20
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	190	81	6	106986,106987,106988,106994,106996,106997	27770
Celestine ()*	Baryte	Sr(SO₄)	190	89.49	1	106994	1252
Chromite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Cr₂O₄	190	81	4	106988,106994,106995,106996	3902
Corundum ()*	Corundum	Al₂O₃	90	81	1	106996	1797
Diamond ()*	Diamond	C	190	81	8	106988,106991,106992,106993,106994,106995,106996,106997	697
Diopside ()*	Pyroxene	CaMgSi₂O₆	190	81	3	106988,106994,106997	4135
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	190	81	2	106988,106994	9895
Eitelite ()*	None	Na₂Mg(CO₃)₂	190	89.49	1	106994	20
Enstatite ()*	Pyroxene	Mg₂Si₂O₆	90	81	4	106988,106992,106995,106996	944
Fairchildite ()*	Fairchildite	K₂Ca(CO₃)₂	190	89.49	1	106994	10
Fluorapophyllite-(K) ()*	Apophyllite	KCa₄Si₈O₂₀F·8H₂O	190	81	3	106988,106994,106997	303
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂	190	89.49	1	106994	9617
Freudenbergite ()*	None	Na(Ti⁴⁺₃Fe³⁺)O₈	190	89.49	1	106994	8
Geikielite ()*	Corundum	MgTiO₃	190	81	0		70
Gregoryite ()*	None	Na₂(CO₃)	190	89.49	1	106994	3
Halite ()*	Rocksalt	NaCl	190	89.49	1	106994	1398
Hawthorneite ()*	Magnetoplumbite	BaMgTi₃Cr₄Fe²⁺₂Fe³⁺₂O₁₉	190	89.49	1	106994	2
Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) ()*	Apophyllite	KCa₄Si₈O₂₀(OH,F)·8H₂O	190	81	0		85
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃	190	81	6	106986,106988,106994,106995,106996,106997	5433
Kalsilite ()*	None	KAlSiO₄	190	89.49	1	106994	49
Kinoshitalite ()*	Mica Clay	BaMg₃(Si₂Al₂O₁₀)(OH)₂	90	81	1	106988	20
Kogarkoite ()*	None	Na₃(SO₄)F	190	89.49	1	106994	14
Lindsleyite ()*	Crichtonite	(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)₂(Ti,Cr,Fe)₁₈O₃₈	190	81	2	106988,106994	12
Magnesioferrite ()*	Spinel	MgFe³⁺₂O₄	190	89.49	1	106994	98
Magnesite ()*	Calcite	Mg(CO₃)	190	89.49	1	106994	1487
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	190	81	3	106986,106988,106994	14899
Mathiasite ()*	Crichtonite	(K,Ba,Sr)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)₂(Ti,Cr,Fe)₁₈O₃₈	190	81	2	106988,106994	7
Monticellite ()*	Olivine	CaMg(SiO₄)	190	81	2	106988,106994	153
Mountainite ()*	None	KNa₂Ca₂[Si₈O₁₉(OH)]·6H₂O	190	89.49	1	106994	5
Nahcolite ()*	None	NaH(CO₃)	190	89.49	1	106994	78
Natrite ()*	None	Na₂(CO₃)	190	89.49	1	106994	19
Natrolite ()*	Natrolite	Na₂(Si₃Al₂)O₁₀·2H₂O	190	89.49	1	106994	1236
Nyerereite ()*	Fairchildite	Na₂Ca(CO₃)₂	190	89.49	1	106994	18
Omphacite ()*	Pyroxene	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al)Si₂O₆	190	81	0		229
Pectolite ()*	Pectolite	NaCa₂Si₃O₈(OH)	90	81	2	106988,106995	363
Pentlandite ()*	Pentlandite	(Ni,Fe)₉S₈	190	89.49	1	106994	1512
Perovskite ()*	Perovskite	CaTiO₃	190	81	4	106986,106988,106994,106996	495
Phlogopite ()*	Mica Clay	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	190	81	5	106988,106994,106995,106996,106997	2273
Potassic-richterite ()*	Amphibole	K(NaCa)Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	190	81	2	106988,106994	21
Priderite ()*	Coronadite	K(Ti₇Fe³⁺)O₁₆	190	89.49	1	106994	41
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	90	81	1	106995	39462
Pyrope ()*	Garnet	Mg₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	90	81	1	106997	341
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	190	89.49	1	106994	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	190	81	0		61156
Rhodesite ()*	Rhodesite	KHCa₂Si₈O₁₉·5H₂O	190	89.49	1	106994	11
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂	190	81	3	106988,106994,106995	5614
Shortite ()*	None	Na₂Ca₂(CO₃)₃	190	89.49	1	106994	37
Spinel ()*	Spinel	MgAl₂O₄	190	81	3	106988,106994,106996	1934
Sylvite ()*	Rocksalt	KCl	190	89.49	1	106994	275
Titanite ()*	Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O	190	177	1	106994	4899
Ulvöspinel ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺₂TiO₄	90	81	1	106988	120
Witherite ()*	Aragonite	Ba(CO₃)	190	89.49	1	106994	251
Zemkorite ()*	None	Na₂Ca(CO₃)₂	90.65	89.49	1	106994	5

Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:

Age ID	Locality Notes
Michelle_382	Sample is a MARID xenolith collected from Bultfontein diamond mine dumps. Bultfontein kimberlite is part of the Kimberley Cluster in the Kaapval Craton.
Michelle_383	Sample is a LIMA xenolith collected from Bultfontein diamond mine dumps. Bultfontein kimberlite is part of the Kimberley Cluster in the Kaapval Craton.
Michelle_384	See Section 2. Age refers to the kimberlite emplacement in the Kimberley Kimberlite cluster.

3 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Sample Source	Sample Num	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
Michelle_384	90	81	81-90		Age of kimberlite emplacement for the Kimberley cluster					56310	Kimberley, Francis Baard District, Northern Cape, South Africa	Kimberley kimberlites cluster	Giuliani et al (2014)	10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.044	EPSL400_132	Age of kimberlite emplacement for the Kimberley cluster. Author believes age to reflect previous geochronological work of various methods.
Michelle_382	90.65	89.49	90.07±0.58	U-Pb	Age of metasomatic mantle events prior to kimberlite emplacement	zircon	XM1/331	Zircon	Zemkorite	8982	Bultfontein Mine, KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture Mine; Kimberley Underground Mine), Kimberley, Francis Baard District, Northern Cape, South Africa	Bultfontein Kimberlite	Giuliani et al. (2015)		NC6_7837	Supplementary Figure 8, Figure 2. Age of MARID xenolith from kimberlite. Age suggests that metasomatic mantle events occurred prior to orangeite magmatism beneath the Kimberley area.
Michelle_383	190	177	177-190	U-Pb	Age of metasomatic mantle events	titanite	XM1/341, XM1/345, XM1/362	Titanite	Lindsleyite, Mathiasite	8982	Bultfontein Mine, KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture Mine; Kimberley Underground Mine), Kimberley, Francis Baard District, Northern Cape, South Africa	Bultfontein Kimberlite	Giuliani et al. (2015)		NC6_7837	Figure 2. Age of LIMA xenolith from kimberlite.

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
FKM-103	Kimberley, Francis Baard District, Northern Cape, South Africa	https://www.rockptx.com/fkm-101-to-fkm-125/#FKM-103

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...