Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2400
Youngest recorded age at locality: 1010

mindat Locality ID: 3067
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-3067.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa": 0
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 0

Latitude: 27°8'9"S
Longitude: 22°51'52"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -27.135833333333,22.864444444444
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al B Ba C Ca Cu F Fe H Hg K Li Mg Mn Na O Pb S Si Sr Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al B Ba C Ca Cu F Fe H Hg K Li Mg Mn Na O Pb S Si Sr Zn 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AdeliteAmphiboleApophylliteAragoniteBaryteBixbyiteBrauniteBruciteCalciteChlorite
ClayCopperCorundumDiasporeEttringiteFleischeriteGadoliniteGarnetGypsumGyrolite
HumiteLepidocrociteMarcasiteMicaMilariteNoneOlivinePectolitePost-spinelPrehnite
PyritePyrosmalitePyroxeneQuartzRocksaltRuiziteRutileSerpentineSmectite-vermiculiteSphalerite
SpinelSpurrite-AfwilliteTobermoriteVesuvianiteWollastonite

76 IMA Minerals at location:
Aegirine  (*)Afwillite  (*)Andradite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Bementite  (*)Bixbyite  (*)Braunite  (*)Brucite  (*)Bultfonteinite  (*)
Bustamite  (*)Calcite  (*)Caryopilite  (*)Celestine  (*)Cinnabar  (*)
Clinochlore  (*)Copper  (*)Creedite  (*)Datolite  (*)Despujolsite  (*)
Diaspore  (*)Diopside  (*)Ettringite  (*)Friedelite  (*)Gageite  (*)
Galena  (*)Gaudefroyite  (*)Goethite  (*)Gonyerite  (*)Gowerite  (*)
Grossular  (*)Groutite  (*)Guidottiite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Hausmannite  (*)
Hematite  (*)Henritermierite  (*)Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)  (*)Inesite  (*)Jacobsite  (*)
Jouravskite  (*)Kenotobermorite  (*)Kutnohorite  (*)Lepidocrocite  (*)Leucophoenicite  (*)
Lizardite  (*)Manganite  (*)Manganvesuvianite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Marokite  (*)
Mozartite  (*)Nchwaningite  (*)Olmiite  (*)Orlymanite  (*)Oyelite  (*)
Pectolite  (*)Phlogopite  (*)Portlandite  (*)Prehnite  (*)Pyrite  (*)
Pyrochroite  (*)Quartz  (*)Rhodochrosite  (*)Richterite  (*)Ruizite  (*)
Saponite  (*)Schizolite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Sturmanite  (*)Sugilite  (*)
Sussexite  (*)Tephroite  (*)Thaumasite  (*)Todorokite  (*)Vesuvianite  (*)
Xonotlite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Aegirine  (*)PyroxeneNaFe3+Si2O62400101001022
Afwillite  (*)Spurrite-AfwilliteCa3[SiO4][SiO2(OH)2]·2H2O24001010041
Andradite  (*)GarnetCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)32400101001534
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)2400101003250
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)24001010011547
Bementite  (*)ClayMn7Si6O15(OH)824001042.20173
Bixbyite  (*)BixbyiteMn3+2O324001042.20104
Braunite  (*)BrauniteMn2+Mn3+6O8(SiO4)24001042.20483
Brucite  (*)BruciteMg(OH)2240010100462
Bultfonteinite  (*)Spurrite-AfwilliteCa2SiO3(OH)F·H2O24001010020
Bustamite  (*)WollastoniteMn2Ca2MnCa(Si3O9)224001042.20101
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)24001010027770
Caryopilite  (*)Clay SerpentineMn2+3Si2O5(OH)424001042.2083
Celestine  (*)BaryteSr(SO4)2400101001252
Cinnabar  (*)NoneHgS2400101002600
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)82400101001756
Copper  (*)CopperCu2400101003846
Creedite  (*)NoneCa3Al2(SO4)(OH)2F8·2H2O24001010048
Datolite  (*)GadoliniteCaB(SiO4)(OH)240010100498
Despujolsite  (*)FleischeriteCa3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O24001042.2010
Diaspore  (*)DiasporeAlO(OH)240010100481
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O62400101004135
Ettringite  (*)EttringiteCa6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12·27H2O24001010093
Friedelite  (*)Pyrosmalite ClayMn2+8Si6O15(OH)1024001042.2040
Gageite  (*)NoneMn2+21Si8O27(OH)2024001042.2014
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS24001010024243
Gaudefroyite  (*)NoneCa4Mn3+3(BO3)3(CO3)O324001042.205
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)2400101007437
Gonyerite  (*)Chlorite ClayMn2+5Fe3+(Si3Fe3+O10)(OH)824001042.2011
Gowerite  (*)NoneCa[B5O8(OH)][B(OH)3]·3H2O24001010013
Grossular  (*)GarnetCa3Al2(SiO4)32400101001544
Groutite  (*)DiasporeMn3+O(OH)24001042.2072
Guidottiite  (*)Serpentine ClayMn2Fe3+(SiFe3+)O5(OH)424001042.201
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O2400101006890
Hausmannite  (*)SpinelMn2+Mn3+2O424001042.20350
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O324001010014640
Henritermierite  (*)GarnetCa3Mn3+2(SiO4)2(OH)424001042.204
Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)  (*)ApophylliteKCa4Si8O20(OH,F)·8H2O24001010085
Inesite  (*)NoneCa2Mn2+7Si10O28(OH)2·5H2O24001042.2050
Jacobsite  (*)SpinelMn2+Fe3+2O424001042.20172
Jouravskite  (*)EttringiteCa3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6·12H2O24001042.206
Kenotobermorite  (*)TobermoriteCa4Si6O15(OH)2(H2O)2·3H2O2400101001
Kutnohorite  (*)NoneCaMn2+(CO3)224001042.20234
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)240010100581
Leucophoenicite  (*)HumiteMn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)224001042.2010
Lizardite  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)4240010100359
Manganite  (*)RutileMn3+O(OH)24001042.20770
Manganvesuvianite  (*)VesuvianiteCa19Mn3+Al10Mg2(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4O(OH)924001042.204
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS22400101005674
Marokite  (*)Post-spinelCaMn3+2O424001042.208
Mozartite  (*)AdeliteCaMn3+(SiO4)(OH)24001042.204
Nchwaningite  (*)NoneMn2SiO3(OH)2·H2O24001042.202
Olmiite  (*)NoneCaMn[SiO3(OH)](OH)24001042.204
Orlymanite  (*)GyroliteCa4Mn2+3Si8O20(OH)6·2H2O24001042.202
Oyelite  (*)NoneCa5BSi4O13(OH)3·4H2O2400101007
Pectolite  (*)PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)240010100363
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)22400101002273
Portlandite  (*)BruciteCa(OH)224001010051
Prehnite  (*)PrehniteCa2Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)22400101001898
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS224001010039462
Pyrochroite  (*)BruciteMn2+(OH)224001042.2056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO224001010061156
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)24001042.201711
Richterite  (*)AmphiboleNa(NaCa)Mg5Si8O22(OH)2240010100148
Ruizite  (*)RuiziteCa2Mn3+2Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O24001042.206
Saponite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Ca,Na)0.3(Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O240010100301
Schizolite  (*)PectoliteNaCaMnSi3O8(OH)24001042.2010
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS24001010021482
Sturmanite  (*)EttringiteCa6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12·25H2O2400101006
Sugilite  (*)MilariteKNa2Fe3+2(Li3Si12)O3010541042.2015
Sussexite  (*)NoneMn2+BO2(OH)24001042.2025
Tephroite  (*)OlivineMn2+2(SiO4)24001042.20240
Thaumasite  (*)EttringiteCa3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)·12H2O240010100183
Todorokite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12·3-4H2O24001042.20433
Vesuvianite  (*)Vesuvianite(Ca,Na)19(Al,Mg,Fe)13(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(OH,F,O)102400101001395
Xonotlite  (*)NoneCa6Si6O17(OH)2240010100109


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Scott-AM88_189-0001mine


4 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Scott-EPSL298_125-0001240022002400-2200Fe isotopeage of deposition   Yes Mn54254Adams Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South AfricaAdams MineTsikos et Al. (2010)10.1016/j.epsl.2010.07.032EPSL298_125Within age bracket for the deposition of the Hotazel sediments
Grew_Li_2019_0050101010101010     YesLavinskyite 3071Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South AfricaWessels mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa (type)Cairncross and Beukes (2013) BOOK_KMF_2013 
Grew_Li_2019_0103101010101010     YesSugilite 3071Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South AfricaWessels and N'Chwaning mines, Kalahari manganese field, South AfricaGnos et al. (2003); Cairncross and Beukes (2013)   
Scott-AM88_189-000110541042.21048.1±5.9Ar-ArAge of mineral crystallizationsugilite  YesSugilite Mn3071Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South AfricaWessels Mine ( Wessel's Mine)Gnos et al. (2003)10.2138/am-2003-0122AM88_189 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R050088N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R050088
R060512N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R060512
R060473N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R060473
R060377N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R060377
R050144N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R050144
R050177N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R050177
R070210N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R070210
R100045N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R100045
R060296N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R060296

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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