Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Palhal Mine, Branca, Albergaria-a-Velha, Aveiro, Portugal

Oldest recorded age at locality: 405
Youngest recorded age at locality: 270

mindat Locality ID: 46298
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-46298.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Palhal Mine, Branca, Albergaria-a-Velha, Aveiro, Portugal": 0
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 0

Latitude: 40°44'50"N
Longitude: 8°27'21"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 40.747222222222,-8.4558333333333
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As B Bi C Ca Cd Cl Co Cu Fe H Mg Mn N Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Se Si Sn V Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Ag Al As B Bi C Ca Cd Cl Co Cu Fe H Mg Mn N Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Se Si Sn V Zn 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAlumAluniteAmorphousAmphiboleAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteArsenoliteArsenopyrite
BaryteBrochantiteCalciteCaledoniteCarminiteChalcanthiteChalcophylliteChalcopyriteClayCopiapite
CopperCoquimbiteCovelliteCubaniteDevillineDigeniteEnargiteEpsomiteGarnetGypsum
HalotrichiteHydrotalciteKieseriteLöllingiteLinariteMalachiteMarcasiteMelanteriteMeneghiniteMillerite
NickelineNoneNot in a structural groupNowackiitePentlanditePerovskitePyriteQuartzRocksaltRömerite
SerpentineSkutteruditeSmectite-vermiculiteSmolyaninoviteSpangoliteSphaleriteSpinelStanniteSulphurTalc
TetrahedriteTourmalineVivianiteWoodwarditeWurtzite

105 IMA Minerals at location:
Aikinite  (*)Alloclasite  (*)Anglesite  (*)Ankerite  (*)Annabergite  (*)
Antlerite  (*)Apjohnite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Arsenolite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)
Asbolane  (*)Aurichalcite  (*)Azurite  (*)Bieberite  (*)Bornite  (*)
Brochantite  (*)Calcite  (*)Caledonite  (*)Carminite  (*)Carrboydite  (*)
Cerussite  (*)Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcophyllite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)
Chrysocolla  (*)Clinoclase  (*)Copper  (*)Coquimbite  (*)Cornwallite  (*)
Covellite  (*)Cubanite  (*)Cuprocopiapite  (*)Delafossite  (*)Devilline  (*)
Digenite  (*)Dolomite  (*)Dravite  (*)Dwornikite  (*)Enargite  (*)
Erythrite  (*)Ferricopiapite  (*)Fletcherite  (*)Gahnite  (*)Galena  (*)
Glaucophane  (*)Greenockite  (*)Gunningite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Halotrichite  (*)
Heterogenite  (*)Hörnesite  (*)Hydrozincite  (*)Jamborite  (*)Köttigite  (*)
Kurumsakite  (*)Langite  (*)Lavendulan  (*)Linarite  (*)Löllingite  (*)
Mackinawite  (*)Mäkinenite  (*)Malachite  (*)Manganberzeliite  (*)Marcasite  (*)
Melanterite  (*)Miargyrite  (*)Miharaite  (*)Mimetite  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)
Morenosite  (*)Népouite  (*)Nickeline  (*)Nickelskutterudite  (*)Nowackiite  (*)
Olivenite  (*)Opal  (*)Orickite  (*)Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)Parasymplesite  (*)
Pentlandite  (*)Pharmacolite  (*)Pitticite  (*)Plumbojarosite  (*)Posnjakite  (*)
Pyrite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Römerite  (*)
Scorodite  (*)Segnitite  (*)Serpierite  (*)Siderite  (*)Skutterudite  (*)
Smolyaninovite  (*)Spangolite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Stannite  (*)Sulphur  (*)
Talc  (*)Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)Tenorite  (*)Tschermigite  (*)Wittichenite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Aikinite  (*)MeneghiniteCuPbBiS34052700315
Alloclasite  (*)LöllingiteCoAsS405270056
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)40527002734
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)240527003092
Annabergite  (*)VivianiteNi3(AsO4)2·8H2O4052700445
Antlerite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2+3(SO4)(OH)44052700246
Apjohnite  (*)HalotrichiteMn2+Al2(SO4)4·22H2O405270028
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)40527003250
Arsenolite  (*)ArsenoliteAs2O34052700231
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS40527009052
Asbolane  (*)Not in a structural groupMn4+(O,OH)2·(Co,Ni,Mg,Ca)x(OH)2x·nH2O4052700143
Aurichalcite  (*)None(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)64052700919
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)240527005509
Bieberite  (*)MelanteriteCo(SO4)·7H2O405270050
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS440527005516
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)640527001633
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)405270027770
Caledonite  (*)CaledoniteCu2Pb5(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)64052700359
Carminite  (*)CarminitePbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)24052700178
Carrboydite  (*)Woodwardite Hydrotalcite(Ni1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)40527003
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)40527004979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O4052700925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S40527005707
Chalcophyllite  (*)ChalcophylliteCu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24·36H2O4052700194
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2405270027198
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O40527003531
Clinoclase  (*)NoneCu3(AsO4)(OH)34052700127
Copper  (*)CopperCu40527003846
Coquimbite  (*)CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12·6H2O4052700136
Cornwallite  (*)NoneCu5(AsO4)2(OH)44052700175
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS40527004165
Cubanite  (*)Cubanite WurtziteCuFe2S34052700802
Cuprocopiapite  (*)CopiapiteCu2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O405270012
Delafossite  (*)NoneCu1+Fe3+O24052700144
Devilline  (*)DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O4052700366
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S40527001027
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)240527009895
Dravite  (*)TourmalineNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)4052700648
Dwornikite  (*)KieseriteNi(SO4)·H2O40527003
Enargite  (*)Enargite WurtziteCu3AsS44052700910
Erythrite  (*)VivianiteCo3(AsO4)2·8H2O4052700814
Ferricopiapite  (*)CopiapiteFe3+0.67Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O405270041
Fletcherite  (*)SpinelCuNi2S4405270013
Gahnite  (*)SpinelZnAl2O44052700445
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS405270024243
Glaucophane  (*)Amphibole   Na2(Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)24052700286
Greenockite  (*)WurtziteCdS4052700717
Gunningite  (*)KieseriteZn(SO4)·H2O405270048
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O40527006890
Halotrichite  (*)HalotrichiteFe2+Al2(SO4)4·22H2O4052700409
Heterogenite  (*)NoneCo3+O(OH)4052700111
Hörnesite  (*)VivianiteMg3(AsO4)2·8H2O4052700103
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)640527001066
Jamborite  (*)HydrotalciteNi2+1-xCo3+x(OH)2-x(SO4)x·nH2O [x ≤ 1/3 n; ≤ (1-x)]405270032
Köttigite  (*)VivianiteZn3(AsO4)2·8H2O405270060
Kurumsakite  (*)NoneZn8Al8V5+2Si5O35·27H2O (?)40527003
Langite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·2H2O4052700593
Lavendulan  (*)NoneNaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl·5H2O4052700149
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)24052700987
Löllingite  (*)LöllingiteFeAs24052700762
Mackinawite  (*)None(Fe,Ni)1+xS (x = 0-0.07)4052700451
Mäkinenite  (*)MilleriteNiSe40527002
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2405270012537
Manganberzeliite  (*)Garnet(NaCa2)Mn2+2(AsO4)3405270024
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS240527005674
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O4052700915
Miargyrite  (*)NoneAgSbS24052700300
Miharaite  (*)NonePbCu4FeBiS6405270019
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl40527001107
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O40527001508
Morenosite  (*)EpsomiteNi(SO4)·7H2O405270084
Népouite  (*)Serpentine ClayNi3Si2O5(OH)4405270066
Nickeline  (*)NickelineNiAs4052700633
Nickelskutterudite  (*)Skutterudite Perovskite(Ni,Co,Fe)As34052700176
Nowackiite  (*)NowackiiteCu6Zn3As4S1240527005
Olivenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(AsO4)(OH)4052700492
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O40527002994
Orickite  (*)NoneCuFeS2·nH2O40527006
Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)PyriteNiAsS4052700767
Parasymplesite  (*)VivianiteFe2+3(AsO4)2·8H2O4052700124
Pentlandite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S840527001512
Pharmacolite  (*)GypsumCa(AsO3OH)·2H2O4052700105
Pitticite  (*)None[Fe,AsO4,SO4,H2O] (?)4052700140
Plumbojarosite  (*)AlunitePb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)64052700477
Posnjakite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·H2O4052700309
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2405270039462
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl40527001725
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S840527009056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO2405270061156
Römerite  (*)RömeriteFe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4·14H2O4052700115
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O40527001153
Segnitite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)64052700134
Serpierite  (*)DevillineCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O4052700292
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)40527006417
Skutterudite  (*)Skutterudite PerovskiteCoAs34052700531
Smolyaninovite  (*)SmolyaninoviteCo3Fe3+2(AsO4)4·11H2O405270013
Spangolite  (*)SpangoliteCu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl·3H2O4052700105
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS405270021482
Stannite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2FeSnS44052700668
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS40527002045
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)240527003337
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S1340527001803
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO40527001101
Tschermigite  (*)Alum(NH4)Al(SO4)2·12H2O405270081
Wittichenite  (*)NoneCu3BiS34052700297


1 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Kristen002524405270Hercynian Orogeny     Yes Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag46301Aveiro, PortugalAviero DistrictMarques de Sá et al. (2014)10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.001OGR62_54studied depoists correspond to veins emplaced in E-W fractures, generated late relatively to the Hercynian orogeny

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

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