Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Aveiro, Portugal

Oldest recorded age at locality: 405
Youngest recorded age at locality: 270

mindat Locality ID: 46301
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-46301.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Aveiro, Portugal": 120
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 73

Number of Child Localities: 19
Child Localities:
Águeda
Albergaria-a-Velha
Anadia
Arouca
Aveiro
Castelo De Paiva
Espinho
Estarreja
Ílhavo
Mealhada
Murtosa
Oliveira De Azeméis
Oliveira Do Bairro
Ovar
Santa Maria Da Feira
São João Da Madeira
Sever Do Vouga
Vagos
Vale De Cambra

Latitude: 40°43'16"N
Longitude: 8°29'35"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 40.721111111111,-8.4930555555556
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Be Bi C Ca Cd Cl Co Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn N Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Se Si Sn Ti U V W Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AcanthiteAllophaneAlumAluniteAmorphousAmphiboleAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteArsenic
ArsenoliteArsenopyriteAutuniteBaryteBerylBlöditeBournoniteBrochantiteCalciteCaledonite
CarminiteChalcanthiteChalcophylliteChalcopyriteClayCopiapiteCopperCoquimbiteCoronaditeCorundum
CovelliteCubaniteDevillineDiasporeDigeniteEnargiteEpsomiteFeldsparFluoriteGarnet
GypsumHalotrichiteHexahydriteHydrotalciteKaoliniteKieseriteLöllingiteLepidocrociteLinariteMalachite
MarcasiteMelanteriteMeneghiniteMicaMilleriteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupNowackiitePentlandite
PerovskitePharmacosideritePolybasitePyritePyrochloreQuartzRocksaltRutileRömeriteScheelite
SerpentineSkutteruditeSmectite-vermiculiteSmolyaninoviteSpangoliteSphaleriteSpinelStanniteStauroliteStibnite
SulphurTalcTetrahedriteTitaniteTourmalineVivianiteWoodwarditeWurtziteZircon

157 IMA Minerals at location:
Acanthite  (*)Aikinite  (*)Albite  (*)Alloclasite  (*)Almandine  (*)
Alunite  (*)Andalusite  (*)Anglesite  (*)Ankerite  (*)Annabergite  (*)
Antlerite  (*)Apjohnite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Arsenolite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)
Asbolane  (*)Aurichalcite  (*)Autunite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Bertrandite  (*)Beryl  (*)Bieberite  (*)Bindheimite  (*)Bismuth  (*)
Bismuthinite  (*)Blödite  (*)Bornite  (*)Boulangerite  (*)Bournonite  (*)
Brochantite  (*)Calcite  (*)Caledonite  (*)Carminite  (*)Carrboydite  (*)
Cassiterite  (*)Cerussite  (*)Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcophyllite  (*)
Chalcopyrite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Clinoclase  (*)Copper  (*)Coquimbite  (*)
Cornwallite  (*)Coronadite  (*)Covellite  (*)Cubanite  (*)Cuprocopiapite  (*)
Delafossite  (*)Devilline  (*)Diaphorite  (*)Diaspore  (*)Digenite  (*)
Dolomite  (*)Dravite  (*)Dwornikite  (*)Enargite  (*)Epsomite  (*)
Erythrite  (*)Ferricopiapite  (*)Fletcherite  (*)Fluorite  (*)Freibergite  (*)
Freieslebenite  (*)Gahnite  (*)Galena  (*)Glaucophane  (*)Goethite  (*)
Gold  (*)Greenockite  (*)Groutite  (*)Gunningite  (*)Gypsum  (*)
Halotrichite  (*)Hematite  (*)Heterogenite  (*)Hexahydrite  (*)Hörnesite  (*)
Hydrozincite  (*)Jamborite  (*)Jamesonite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)Köttigite  (*)
Kurumsakite  (*)Kyanite  (*)Langite  (*)Lavendulan  (*)Lepidocrocite  (*)
Linarite  (*)Löllingite  (*)Mackinawite  (*)Mäkinenite  (*)Malachite  (*)
Manganberzeliite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Melanterite  (*)Miargyrite  (*)Microcline  (*)
Miharaite  (*)Mimetite  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)Morenosite  (*)Muscovite  (*)
Népouite  (*)Nickeline  (*)Nickelskutterudite  (*)Nowackiite  (*)Olivenite  (*)
Opal  (*)Orickite  (*)Orthoclase  (*)Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)Parasymplesite  (*)
Pentlandite  (*)Pharmacolite  (*)Pharmacosiderite  (*)Pickeringite  (*)Pitticite  (*)
Plumbojarosite  (*)Polybasite  (*)Posnjakite  (*)Pyrargyrite  (*)Pyrite  (*)
Pyrolusite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Römerite  (*)
Rutile  (*)Scheelite  (*)Schorl  (*)Scorodite  (*)Segnitite  (*)
Semseyite  (*)Serpierite  (*)Siderite  (*)Sillimanite  (*)Silver  (*)
Skutterudite  (*)Smolyaninovite  (*)Spangolite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Stannite  (*)
Staurolite  (*)Stibnite  (*)Sulphur  (*)Talc  (*)Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)
Tenorite  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Titanite  (*)Tschermigite  (*)Wittichenite  (*)
Wurtzite  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite  (*)AcanthiteAg2S405270297990,979922793
Aikinite  (*)MeneghiniteCuPbBiS3405270197947315
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)4052701979648803
Alloclasite  (*)LöllingiteCoAsS40527019794756
Almandine  (*)GarnetFe2+3Al2(SiO4)34052701979932353
Alunite  (*)NoneKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6405270197952966
Andalusite  (*)AndalusiteAl2SiO5405270397963,97965,979781310
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)405270597947,97990,98008,98048,980492734
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2405270297947,980483092
Annabergite  (*)VivianiteNi3(AsO4)2·8H2O405270297947,97952445
Antlerite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2+3(SO4)(OH)4405270197947246
Apjohnite  (*)HalotrichiteMn2+Al2(SO4)4·22H2O40527019794728
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)405270497947,97990,98048,980493250
Arsenolite  (*)ArsenoliteAs2O3405270197947231
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS4052702097947,97948,97951,97952,97967,97976,97977,97980,97992,98008,98010,98012,98020,98022,98026,98030,98031,98035,98037,980389052
Asbolane  (*)Not in a structural groupMn4+(O,OH)2·(Co,Ni,Mg,Ca)x(OH)2x·nH2O405270197947143
Aurichalcite  (*)None(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6405270197947919
Autunite  (*)AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O4052701979761272
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)24052701979475509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)40527019804811547
Bertrandite  (*)Not in a structural groupBe4Si2O7(OH)2405270197976606
Beryl  (*)BerylBe3Al2Si6O184052701979764286
Bieberite  (*)MelanteriteCo(SO4)·7H2O40527019794750
Bindheimite  (*)PyrochlorePb2Sb5+2O7405270197976450
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi4052701979521966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S34052701979761935
Blödite  (*)BlöditeNa2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O405270197982130
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS4405270397947,97952,979925516
Boulangerite  (*)NonePb5Sb4S11405270197992843
Bournonite  (*)BournoniteCuPbSbS34052701979921089
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6405270297947,979901633
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)405270597947,97952,97990,98048,9804927770
Caledonite  (*)CaledoniteCu2Pb5(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6405270197947359
Carminite  (*)CarminitePbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2405270197947178
Carrboydite  (*)Woodwardite Hydrotalcite(Ni1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)4052701979473
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO24052701297967,97968,97970,97971,97972,97976,97977,97980,98008,98030,98059,980605171
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)405270497947,97992,98048,980534979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O405270197947925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S4052701979475707
Chalcophyllite  (*)ChalcophylliteCu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24·36H2O405270197947194
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS24052701497943,97947,97948,97950,97952,97954,97990,97991,97992,98008,98035,98048,98053,9805527198
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O4052701979473531
Clinoclase  (*)NoneCu3(AsO4)(OH)3405270197947127
Copper  (*)CopperCu405270297947,980553846
Coquimbite  (*)CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12·6H2O405270197947136
Cornwallite  (*)NoneCu5(AsO4)2(OH)4405270197947175
Coronadite  (*)CoronaditePb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16405270197992227
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS405270397947,97977,980554165
Cubanite  (*)Cubanite WurtziteCuFe2S3405270197947802
Cuprocopiapite  (*)CopiapiteCu2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O40527019794712
Delafossite  (*)NoneCu1+Fe3+O2405270197947144
Devilline  (*)DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O405270197947366
Diaphorite  (*)NoneAg3Pb2Sb3S8405270197992126
Diaspore  (*)DiasporeAlO(OH)405270197963481
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S4052701979471027
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)2405270497947,97991,98048,980539895
Dravite  (*)TourmalineNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)405270197947648
Dwornikite  (*)KieseriteNi(SO4)·H2O4052701979473
Enargite  (*)Enargite WurtziteCu3AsS4405270197947910
Epsomite  (*)EpsomiteMg(SO4)·7H2O405270197982484
Erythrite  (*)VivianiteCo3(AsO4)2·8H2O405270297947,97952814
Ferricopiapite  (*)CopiapiteFe3+0.67Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O40527019794741
Fletcherite  (*)SpinelCuNi2S440527019794713
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF24052701980489617
Freibergite  (*)TetrahedriteAg6[Cu4Fe2]Sb4S12405270197992663
Freieslebenite  (*)NoneAgPbSbS3405270297990,97992105
Gahnite  (*)SpinelZnAl2O4405270197947445
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS4052701997943,97946,97947,97948,97950,97951,97952,97953,97954,97955,97990,97991,97992,98008,98035,98048,98051,98053,9805524243
Glaucophane  (*)Amphibole   Na2(Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2405270197947286
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)405270397977,97978,979927437
Gold  (*)CopperAu40527019800830554
Greenockite  (*)WurtziteCdS405270197947717
Groutite  (*)DiasporeMn3+O(OH)40527019795972
Gunningite  (*)KieseriteZn(SO4)·H2O40527019794748
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O405270397947,97990,980496890
Halotrichite  (*)HalotrichiteFe2+Al2(SO4)4·22H2O405270197947409
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O340527019799814640
Heterogenite  (*)NoneCo3+O(OH)405270197947111
Hexahydrite  (*)HexahydriteMg(SO4)·6H2O405270197982251
Hörnesite  (*)VivianiteMg3(AsO4)2·8H2O405270197947103
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)6405270297947,980531066
Jamborite  (*)HydrotalciteNi2+1-xCo3+x(OH)2-x(SO4)x·nH2O [x ≤ 1/3 n; ≤ (1-x)]40527019794732
Jamesonite  (*)NonePb4FeSb6S14405270197992784
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)4405270798006,98015,98017,98028,98033,98040,980465591
Köttigite  (*)VivianiteZn3(AsO4)2·8H2O40527019794760
Kurumsakite  (*)NoneZn8Al8V5+2Si5O35·27H2O (?)4052701979473
Kyanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2OSiO44052701979781507
Langite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·2H2O405270197947593
Lavendulan  (*)NoneNaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl·5H2O405270197947149
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)405270197977581
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)2405270197947987
Löllingite  (*)LöllingiteFeAs2405270197947762
Mackinawite  (*)None(Fe,Ni)1+xS (x = 0-0.07)405270197947451
Mäkinenite  (*)MilleriteNiSe4052701979472
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2405270297947,9804912537
Manganberzeliite  (*)Garnet(NaCa2)Mn2+2(AsO4)340527019794724
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS2405270497947,97992,98048,980535674
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O405270197947915
Miargyrite  (*)NoneAgSbS2405270297947,97992300
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)4052701979764924
Miharaite  (*)NonePbCu4FeBiS640527019794719
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl405270297947,979921107
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O4052701979471508
Morenosite  (*)EpsomiteNi(SO4)·7H2O40527019794784
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2405270497964,97974,97976,9799217380
Népouite  (*)Serpentine ClayNi3Si2O5(OH)440527019794766
Nickeline  (*)NickelineNiAs405270197947633
Nickelskutterudite  (*)Skutterudite Perovskite(Ni,Co,Fe)As3405270297947,97952176
Nowackiite  (*)NowackiiteCu6Zn3As4S124052701979475
Olivenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(AsO4)(OH)405270197947492
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O4052701979472994
Orickite  (*)NoneCuFeS2·nH2O4052701979476
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)4052701979642349
Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)PyriteNiAsS405270197947767
Parasymplesite  (*)VivianiteFe2+3(AsO4)2·8H2O405270197947124
Pentlandite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S84052701979471512
Pharmacolite  (*)GypsumCa(AsO3OH)·2H2O405270197947105
Pharmacosiderite  (*)PharmacosideriteKFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·6-7H2O405270197977428
Pickeringite  (*)HalotrichiteMgAl2(SO4)4·22H2O405270197982265
Pitticite  (*)None[Fe,AsO4,SO4,H2O] (?)405270197947140
Plumbojarosite  (*)AlunitePb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6405270197947477
Polybasite  (*)Polybasite[Ag9CuS4][(Ag,Cu)6(Sb,As)2S7]405270197992716
Posnjakite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·H2O405270197947309
Pyrargyrite  (*)NoneAg3SbS34052701979921425
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS24052702997946,97947,97948,97951,97954,97967,97971,97974,97976,97977,97980,97990,97991,97992,97998,97999,98001,98008,98010,98012,98020,98022,98030,98031,98035,98037,98048,98053,9805539462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO2405270397959,97998,980013106
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl405270397947,97992,980481725
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S8405270597947,97992,98030,98048,980539056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO24052704497943,97946,97947,97948,97950,97951,97952,97954,97955,97964,97965,97967,97968,97971,97973,97974,97976,97978,97980,97990,97991,97992,97998,97999,98006,98008,98010,98012,98015,98020,98021,98022,98024,98026,98030,98031,98035,98037,98038,98046,98048,98055,98059,9806061156
Römerite  (*)RömeriteFe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4·14H2O405270197947115
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO2405270297964,979925614
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)4052701979714894
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)4052701979762705
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O405270397947,97976,979771153
Segnitite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6405270197947134
Semseyite  (*)NonePb9Sb8S21405270297990,97992165
Serpierite  (*)DevillineCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O405270197947292
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)405270697947,97990,97991,97999,98048,980536417
Sillimanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2SiO5405270297964,979781516
Silver  (*)CopperAg405270297954,980085186
Skutterudite  (*)Skutterudite PerovskiteCoAs3405270297947,97952531
Smolyaninovite  (*)SmolyaninoviteCo3Fe3+2(AsO4)4·11H2O40527019794713
Spangolite  (*)SpangoliteCu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl·3H2O405270197947105
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS4052701697946,97947,97948,97951,97952,97954,97976,97977,97980,97990,97991,97992,98008,98048,98053,9805521482
Stannite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2FeSnS4405270197947668
Staurolite  (*)StauroliteFe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)405270397963,97965,97978978
Stibnite  (*)StibniteSb2S3405270297952,980243418
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS405270297947,979772045
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)24052701979473337
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S134052701979471803
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO4052701979471101
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S134052701979925317
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O4052701979644899
Tschermigite  (*)Alum(NH4)Al(SO4)2·12H2O40527019794781
Wittichenite  (*)NoneCu3BiS3405270197947297
Wurtzite  (*)WurtziteZnS405270198048372
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)405270297964,979765251


1 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Kristen002524405270Hercynian Orogeny       Pb, Zn, Cu, Ag46301Aveiro, PortugalAviero DistrictMarques de Sá et al. (2014)10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.03.001OGR62_54studied depoists correspond to veins emplaced in E-W fractures, generated late relatively to the Hercynian orogeny

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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