Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Western Antarctica, Antarctica

Oldest recorded age at locality: 0
Youngest recorded age at locality: 0.001

mindat Locality ID: 48432
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-48432.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Western Antarctica, Antarctica": 49
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 27

Number of Child Localities: 7
Child Localities:
Antarctic Peninsula
Ellsworth Land
Heritage Range
Marie Byrd Land
Thiel Mts.
Transantarctic Mts
Weddell Sea

Latitude: 76°43'59"S
Longitude: 77°59'2"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -76.733055555556,-77.983888888889

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Alunite	Amorphous	Amphibole	Analcime	Andalusite	Apatite	Aragonite	Atacamite	Baryte	Beryl
Blödite	Brochantite	Calcite	Chalcanthite	Chalcopyrite	Clay	Clinozoisite	Corundum	Covellite	Diaspore
Enargite	Epidote	Feldspar	Gypsum	Halotrichite	Hexahydrite	Kaolinite	Leucophosphite	Malachite	Marcasite
Mica	Molybdenite	Mordenite	Natrolite	Nickeline	Nolanite	None	Not in a structural group	Olivine	Orpiment
Oxalate	Plancheite	Prehnite	Pyrite	Pyrochlore	Pyrophyllite	Pyroxene	Quartz	Rocksalt	Rutile
Sapphirine	Smectite-vermiculite	Sphalerite	Spinel	Struvite	Sulphur	Tamarugite	Taranakite	Tetrahedrite	Titanite
Tridymite	Vivianite	Weberite	Wurtzite	Zircon

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As Ba C Ca Cl Cu F Fe H K Mg Mo N Na O P Pb S Si Ti Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality:

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Alunite Amorphous Amphibole Analcime Andalusite Apatite Aragonite Atacamite Baryte Beryl
Blödite Brochantite Calcite Chalcanthite Chalcopyrite Clay Clinozoisite Corundum Covellite Diaspore
Enargite Epidote Feldspar Gypsum Halotrichite Hexahydrite Kaolinite Leucophosphite Malachite Marcasite
Mica Molybdenite Mordenite Natrolite Nickeline Nolanite None Not in a structural group Olivine Orpiment
Oxalate Plancheite Prehnite Pyrite Pyrochlore Pyrophyllite Pyroxene Quartz Rocksalt Rutile
Sapphirine Smectite-vermiculite Sphalerite Spinel Struvite Sulphur Tamarugite Taranakite Tetrahedrite Titanite
Tridymite Vivianite Weberite Wurtzite Zircon

106 IMA Minerals at location:

Actinolite ()*	Aerinite ()*	Albite ()*	Alunite ()*	Alunogen ()*
Analcime ()*	Andalusite ()*	Anglesite ()*	Anhydrite ()*	Ankerite ()*
Anorthite ()*	Antlerite ()*	Aragonite ()*	Atacamite ()*	Azurite ()*
Baryte ()*	Beaverite-(Cu) ()*	Blödite ()*	Bornite ()*	Brochantite ()*
Brushite ()*	Calcite ()*	Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*
Chloraluminite ()*	Cordierite ()*	Corundum ()*	Covellite ()*	Cowlesite ()*
Diaspore ()*	Diopside ()*	Earlandite ()*	Enargite ()*	Enstatite ()*
Epidote ()*	Ferrihydrite ()*	Ferrosaponite ()*	Fibroferrite ()*	Fluorapatite ()*
Forsterite ()*	Galena ()*	Goethite ()*	Graphite ()*	Greigite ()*
Gypsum ()*	Halite ()*	Hematite ()*	Hexahydrite ()*	Hydrokenoralstonite ()*
Hydroxylapatite ()*	Ikaite ()*	Ilmenite ()*	Jarosite ()*	Kaersutite ()*
Kaolinite ()*	Kyanite ()*	Laumontite ()*	Leucophosphite ()*	Magnetite ()*
Malachite ()*	Marcasite ()*	Microcline ()*	Minyulite ()*	Mogánite ()*
Molybdenite ()*	Molysite ()*	Mordenite ()*	Muscovite ()*	Natrojarosite ()*
Natrolite ()*	Nesquehonite ()*	Nontronite ()*	Opal ()*	Orpiment ()*
Orthoclase ()*	Paratacamite ()*	Pickeringite ()*	Plancheite ()*	Prehnite ()*
Pyrite ()*	Pyrophyllite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Rhönite ()*
Rutile ()*	Saponite ()*	Scolecite ()*	Siderite ()*	Sphalerite ()*
Spheniscidite ()*	Struvite ()*	Sulphur ()*	Sylvite ()*	Tamarugite ()*
Taranakite ()*	Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Thénardite ()*	Titanite ()*	Tridymite ()*
Vashegyite ()*	Vivianite ()*	Weberite ()*	Weddellite ()*	Zircon ()*
Zunyite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂			1	1929	3419
Aerinite ()*	Not in a structural group	(Ca,Na)₆(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Mg,Al)₄(Al,Mg)₆Si₁₂O₃₆(OH)₁₂(CO₃)·12H₂O			1	1928	22
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)			2	1907,1928	8803
Alunite ()*	None	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆			2	1917,1929	966
Alunogen ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂(SO₄)₃(H₂O)₁₂·5H₂O			1	1938	272
Analcime ()*	Analcime	Na(AlSi₂O₆)·H₂O			1	1927	1627
Andalusite ()*	Andalusite	Al₂SiO₅			3	1908,1915,1929	1310
Anglesite ()*	Baryte	Pb(SO₄)			1	1938	2734
Anhydrite ()*	Not in a structural group	Ca(SO₄)			1	1907	1588
Ankerite ()*	None	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂			2	1904,1919	3092
Anorthite ()*	Feldspar	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)			1	1928	1036
Antlerite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu²⁺₃(SO₄)(OH)₄			1	1917	246
Aragonite ()*	Aragonite	Ca(CO₃)			5	1904,1917,1919,1936,1938	3250
Atacamite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₂Cl(OH)₃			1	1917	544
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂			1	1938	5509
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)			2	1911,1935	11547
Beaverite-(Cu) ()*	Alunite	Pb(Fe³⁺₂Cu)(SO₄)₂(OH)₆			1	1938	132
Blödite ()*	Blödite	Na₂Mg(SO₄)₂·4H₂O			1	1943	130
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄			3	1907,1911,1935	5516
Brochantite ()*	Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆			1	1917	1633
Brushite ()*	Gypsum	Ca(PO₃OH)·2H₂O			1	1904	104
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)			7	1915,1917,1927,1929,1936,1938,1948	27770
Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcanthite	Cu(SO₄)·5H₂O			1	1938	925
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S			1	1907	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂			10	1906,1907,1909,1911,1916,1918,1929,1934,1935,1938	27198
Chloraluminite ()*	None	AlCl₃·6H₂O			1	1921	3
Cordierite ()*	Beryl	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈			1	1915	1008
Corundum ()*	Corundum	Al₂O₃			1	1929	1797
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS			2	1907,1911	4165
Cowlesite ()*	None	Ca(Al₂Si₃)O₁₀·5-6H₂O			1	1928	84
Diaspore ()*	Diaspore	AlO(OH)			1	1929	481
Diopside ()*	Pyroxene	CaMgSi₂O₆			1	1928	4135
Earlandite ()*	None	Ca₃(C₆H₅O₇)₂·4H₂O	0	0.001	1	1952	1
Enargite ()*	Enargite Wurtzite	Cu₃AsS₄			1	1911	910
Enstatite ()*	Pyroxene	Mg₂Si₂O₆			1	1928	944
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)			3	1907,1918,1929	8173
Ferrihydrite ()*	Nolanite	Fe³⁺₁₀O₁₄(OH)₂			2	1904,1919	86
Ferrosaponite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	Ca_0.3(Fe²⁺,Mg,Fe³⁺)₃(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₂·4H₂O			1	1927	6
Fibroferrite ()*	Not in a structural group	Fe³⁺(SO₄)(OH)·5H₂O			3	1917,1938,1945	107
Fluorapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F			2	1904,1907	2740
Forsterite ()*	Olivine	Mg₂(SiO₄)			1	1941	1188
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS			3	1911,1934,1938	24243
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)			1	1938	7437
Graphite ()*	None	C			1	1915	2812
Greigite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂S₄			1	1921	62
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	0	0.001	9	1904,1917,1918,1919,1936,1937,1938,1945,1951	6890
Halite ()*	Rocksalt	NaCl			2	1919,1921	1398
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃			3	1925,1935,1938	14640
Hexahydrite ()*	Hexahydrite	Mg(SO₄)·6H₂O			2	1904,1919	251
Hydrokenoralstonite ()*	Pyrochlore	₂Al₂F₆(H₂O)			1	1921	56
Hydroxylapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃OH			3	1904,1931,1932	367
Ikaite ()*	None	Ca(CO₃)·6H₂O	0	0.001	2	1910,1951	12
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃			1	1907	5433
Jarosite ()*	Alunite	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆			3	1904,1918,1919	2228
Kaersutite ()*	Amphibole	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂			1	1941	179
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄			2	1907,1926	5591
Kyanite ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂OSiO₄			1	1950	1507
Laumontite ()*	Not in a structural group	CaAl₂Si₄O₁₂·4H₂O			1	1927	1271
Leucophosphite ()*	Leucophosphite	KFe³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH)·2H₂O			3	1904,1931,1932	110
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄			7	1907,1916,1918,1928,1929,1935,1941	14899
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂			1	1938	12537
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂			1	1911	5674
Microcline ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)			1	1907	4924
Minyulite ()*	None	KAl₂(PO₄)₂F·4H₂O			3	1922,1931,1932	31
Mogánite ()*	None	SiO₂·nH₂O			1	1927	43
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂			4	1906,1907,1929,1935	5800
Molysite ()*	None	FeCl₃			1	1921	12
Mordenite ()*	Mordenite	(Na₂,Ca,K₂)₄(Al₈Si₄₀)O₉₆·28H₂O			1	1927	405
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂			5	1907,1915,1926,1929,1938	17380
Natrojarosite ()*	Alunite	NaFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆			4	1904,1917,1919,1938	254
Natrolite ()*	Natrolite	Na₂(Si₃Al₂)O₁₀·2H₂O			1	1927	1236
Nesquehonite ()*	None	Mg(CO₃)·3H₂O			1	1944	80
Nontronite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	Na_0.3Fe³⁺₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O			1	1911	471
Opal ()*	Amorphous	SiO₂·nH₂O			1	1911	2994
Orpiment ()*	Orpiment	As₂S₃			1	1911	511
Orthoclase ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)			1	1907	2349
Paratacamite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₃(Cu,Zn)Cl₂(OH)₆			1	1938	158
Pickeringite ()*	Halotrichite	MgAl₂(SO₄)₄·22H₂O			1	1943	265
Plancheite ()*	Plancheite	Cu₈(Si₄O₁₁)₂(OH)₄·H₂O			1	1917	74
Prehnite ()*	Prehnite	Ca₂Al(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂			1	1948	1898
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂			12	1906,1907,1909,1911,1916,1918,1921,1928,1929,1930,1938,1945	39462
Pyrophyllite ()*	Clay Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂			1	1929	771
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈			1	1907	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	0	0.001	13	1906,1907,1909,1916,1918,1925,1928,1929,1930,1934,1935,1938,1952	61156
Rhönite ()*	Sapphirine	Ca₄[Mg₈Fe³⁺₂Ti₂]O₄[Si₆Al₆O₃₆]			1	1941	47
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂			3	1907,1916,1929	5614
Saponite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	(Ca,Na)_0.3(Mg,Fe)₃(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₂·4H₂O			1	1928	301
Scolecite ()*	Natrolite	Ca(Si₃Al₂)O₁₀·3H₂O			1	1927	390
Siderite ()*	Calcite	Fe(CO₃)			1	1907	6417
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS			1	1934	21482
Spheniscidite ()*	Leucophosphite	(NH₄)Fe³⁺₂(PO₄)₂(OH)·2H₂O			1	1922	4
Struvite ()*	Struvite	(NH₄)Mg(PO₄)·6H₂O			3	1904,1931,1932	30
Sulphur ()*	Sulphur	S			3	1911,1921,1929	2045
Sylvite ()*	Rocksalt	KCl			1	1921	275
Tamarugite ()*	Tamarugite	NaAl(SO₄)₂·6H₂O			2	1904,1919	87
Taranakite ()*	Taranakite	K₃Al₅(PO₃OH)₆(PO₄)₂·18H₂O			1	1932	57
Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂)As₄S₁₃			1	1911	1803
Thénardite ()*	None	Na₂(SO₄)			2	1917,1936	299
Titanite ()*	Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O			1	1918	4899
Tridymite ()*	Tridymite	SiO₂			1	1921	458
Vashegyite ()*	None	Al₁₁(PO₄)₉(OH)₆·38H₂O			1	1904	28
Vivianite ()*	Vivianite	Fe²⁺₃(PO₄)₂·8H₂O			1	1904	636
Weberite ()*	Weberite	Na₂MgAlF₇			1	1921	13
Weddellite ()*	Oxalate	Ca(C₂O₄)·2H₂O	0	0.001	1	1951	32
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)			1	1907	5251
Zunyite ()*	None	Al₁₃Si₅O₂₀(OH,F)₁₈Cl			1	1929	86

Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:

Age ID	Locality Notes
Michelle_391	Earlandite was reported in surface sediments of the Weddell Sea at the water depth of 2580 m along with quartz and foram Rhabdammina linearis, Brady.

1 Ages assigned to this locality:

	Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Run Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
	Michelle_391	0	0.001	0-0.001		Age of surface sediment									159589	71°22'S; 16°34'W, Weddell Sea, Western Antarctica, Antarctica	Weddell Sea	Mackensen and Douglas (1989)	10.1016/0198-0149(89)90034-4	ORP36_879	Age of Weddell Sea sediments based on author's sedimentation rate.

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...