Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Balkan Mts (Stara Planina), Vratsa Province, Bulgaria

Oldest recorded age at locality: 252
Youngest recorded age at locality: 2.6

mindat Locality ID: 49180
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-49180.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Balkan Mts (Stara Planina), Vratsa Province, Bulgaria": 4
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 4

Number of Child Localities: 4
Child Localities:
Bakara Mine
Mazho Mine
Plakalnitsa Mine
Sedmochislenitsi Mine (Sedmocislenici Mine)

Latitude: 43°10'11"N
Longitude: 23°28'35"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 43.169722222222,23.476388888889

AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Ba Bi C Ca Cd Cl Co Cu F Fe H Hg Mg Mn Ni O P Pb S Sb Si Sr Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AcanthiteAdeliteAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteArsenicArsenopyriteBaryteBournoniteBrochantite
CalciteChalcopyriteChalcostibiteClayCobaltiteCopperCorundumCovelliteDiasporeDigenite
FluoriteGeocroniteGypsumJalpaiteKaoliniteLöllingiteLepidocrociteMalachiteMarcasiteMeneghinite
NatrochalciteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupPalygorskitePhilipsburgitePolybasitePyriteQuartzRocksalt
SphaleriteSpinelTetrahedriteTyroliteUllmanniteVivianiteWurtziteXanthoconite

94 IMA Minerals at location:
Acanthite  (*)Adamite  (*)Aikinite  (*)Anglesite  (*)Anhydrite  (*)
Annabergite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Aurichalcite  (*)Austinite  (*)
Azurite  (*)Balkanite  (*)Baryte  (*)Betekhtinite  (*)Bismuth  (*)
Bornite  (*)Bournonite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Calcite  (*)Celestine  (*)
Cerussite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Cinnabar  (*)Clinoclase  (*)
Cobaltite  (*)Conichalcite  (*)Copper  (*)Cornwallite  (*)Covellite  (*)
Cuprite  (*)Dickite  (*)Digenite  (*)Djurleite  (*)Dolomite  (*)
Duftite  (*)Emplectite  (*)Erythrite  (*)Fluorite  (*)Freibergite  (*)
Galena  (*)Gartrellite  (*)Goethite  (*)Graphite  (*)Greenockite  (*)
Greigite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Hedyphane  (*)Hematite  (*)Hemimorphite  (*)
Hydrozincite  (*)Jalpaite  (*)Jamesite  (*)Jordanite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)
Lepidocrocite  (*)Malachite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Mawbyite  (*)Mckinstryite  (*)
Metacinnabar  (*)Miargyrite  (*)Mimetite  (*)Monohydrocalcite  (*)Olivenite  (*)
Palygorskite  (*)Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)Parnauite  (*)Pearceite  (*)Philipsburgite  (*)
Polybasite  (*)Pyrargyrite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrostilpnite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)
Quartz  (*)Rammelsbergite  (*)Romanèchite  (*)Rosasite  (*)Seligmannite  (*)
Siegenite  (*)Silver  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Stephanite  (*)
Strashimirite  (*)Stromeyerite  (*)Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Tsumcorite  (*)
Tyrolite  (*)Ullmannite  (*)Wittichenite  (*)Wurtzite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite  (*)AcanthiteAg2S2522.61291412793
Adamite  (*)AndalusiteZn2(AsO4)(OH)2522.6429138,29139,29140,29141254
Aikinite  (*)MeneghiniteCuPbBiS32522.6129141315
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)2522.61291412734
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)2522.61291411588
Annabergite  (*)VivianiteNi3(AsO4)2·8H2O2522.6229140,29141445
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)2522.61291413250
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS2522.61291419052
Aurichalcite  (*)None(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)62522.6129141919
Austinite  (*)AdeliteCaZn(AsO4)(OH)12913871
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)22522.61291415509
Balkanite  (*)NoneAg5Cu9HgS82452351291419
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)2522.612914111547
Betekhtinite  (*)None(Cu,Fe)21Pb2S152522.612914145
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi2522.61291411966
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS42522.61291415516
Bournonite  (*)BournoniteCuPbSbS32522.61291411089
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)62522.61291411633
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)2522.612914127770
Celestine  (*)BaryteSr(SO4)2522.61291411252
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)2522.61291414979
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S2522.61291415707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS22522.612914127198
Cinnabar  (*)NoneHgS2452351291412600
Clinoclase  (*)NoneCu3(AsO4)(OH)3129140127
Cobaltite  (*)CobaltiteCoAsS2522.6129141966
Conichalcite  (*)AdeliteCaCu(AsO4)(OH)2522.6229139,29141363
Copper  (*)CopperCu2522.61291413846
Cornwallite  (*)NoneCu5(AsO4)2(OH)4129140175
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS2522.61291414165
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O2522.61291412970
Dickite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)42522.6129141651
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S2522.61291411027
Djurleite  (*)NoneCu31S162522.6129141300
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)22522.61291419895
Duftite  (*)AdelitePbCu(AsO4)(OH)329138,29139,29140220
Emplectite  (*)ChalcostibiteCuBiS22522.6129141246
Erythrite  (*)VivianiteCo3(AsO4)2·8H2O2522.6229140,29141814
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF22522.61291419617
Freibergite  (*)TetrahedriteAg6[Cu4Fe2]Sb4S122522.6129141663
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS2522.612914124243
Gartrellite  (*)NonePbCuFe3+(AsO4)2(OH)·H2O12913841
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)2522.61291417437
Graphite  (*)NoneC2522.61291412812
Greenockite  (*)WurtziteCdS2522.6129141717
Greigite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2S42522.612914162
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O2522.61291416890
Hedyphane  (*)ApatiteCa2Pb3(AsO4)3Cl12914048
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O32522.612914114640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O2522.61291411689
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)62522.61291411066
Jalpaite  (*)JalpaiteAg3CuS22522.6129141116
Jamesite  (*)NonePb2ZnFe3+2(Fe3+,Zn)4(AsO4)4(OH)8(OH,O)21291384
Jordanite  (*)GeocronitePb14As6S232522.6129141105
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)42522.61291415591
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)2522.6129141581
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)22522.612914112537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS22522.61291415674
Mawbyite  (*)NatrochalcitePbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)212913819
Mckinstryite  (*)NoneAg5Cu3S42522.612914151
Metacinnabar  (*)SphaleriteHgS245235129141255
Miargyrite  (*)NoneAgSbS22522.6129141300
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl2522.6429138,29139,29140,291411107
Monohydrocalcite  (*)NoneCa(CO3)·H2O2522.612914155
Olivenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(AsO4)(OH)329138,29139,29140492
Palygorskite  (*)Palygorskite Clay(Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)·4H2O2522.6129141306
Gersdorffite-Pa3  (*)PyriteNiAsS2522.6129141767
Parnauite  (*)NoneCu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10·7H2O229139,29140105
Pearceite  (*)Polybasite[Ag9CuS4][(Ag,Cu)6(As,Sb)2S7]2522.6129141249
Philipsburgite  (*)PhilipsburgiteCu5Zn(AsO4)(PO4)(OH)6·H2O12914031
Polybasite  (*)Polybasite[Ag9CuS4][(Ag,Cu)6(Sb,As)2S7]2522.6129141716
Pyrargyrite  (*)NoneAg3SbS32522.61291411425
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS22522.612914139462
Pyrostilpnite  (*)XanthoconiteAg3SbS32522.612914184
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S82522.61291419056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO22522.612914161156
Rammelsbergite  (*)LöllingiteNiAs22522.6129141233
Romanèchite  (*)None(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O102522.6129141312
Rosasite  (*)MalachiteCuZn(CO3)(OH)22522.6129141454
Seligmannite  (*)BournoniteCuPbAsS32522.612914164
Siegenite  (*)SpinelCoNi2S42522.6129141249
Silver  (*)CopperAg2522.61291415186
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)2522.61291412473
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS2522.612914121482
Stephanite  (*)NoneAg5SbS42522.6129141586
Strashimirite  (*)NoneCu4(AsO4)2(OH)2·2.5H2O2522.612914190
Stromeyerite  (*)NoneCuAgS2522.6129141332
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S132522.61291411803
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S132522.61291415317
Tsumcorite  (*)NatrochalcitePbZn2(AsO4)2·2H2O12913829
Tyrolite  (*)TyroliteCa2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8·11H2O129140245
Ullmannite  (*)UllmanniteNiSbS2522.6129141293
Wittichenite  (*)NoneCu3BiS32522.6129141297
Wurtzite  (*)WurtziteZnS2522.6129141372



3 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Hg-00006245235 ?-? Host rock     Balkanite, CinnabarHg455Sedmochislenitsi Mine (Sedmocislenici Mine), Balkan Mts (Stara Planina), Vratsa Province, Bulgaria Atanassov and Kirov (1973) AM58_11 
sedexmvt-00044252201Triassic host rock age      455Sedmochislenitsi Mine (Sedmocislenici Mine), Balkan Mts (Stara Planina), Vratsa Province, BulgariaSedmochislenitsiTaylor et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009_1297 
sedznpb-00067662.6Tertiary        455Sedmochislenitsi Mine (Sedmocislenici Mine), Balkan Mts (Stara Planina), Vratsa Province, BulgariaSedmochislenitsiSinger et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1252 


SampleSource LocalityReference URL


All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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