Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile

Oldest recorded age at locality: 64
Youngest recorded age at locality: 34.49

mindat Locality ID: 672
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-672.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile": 137
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 127

Number of Child Localities: 29
Child Localities:
Aconcagua Mine (ex Bella Esperanza)
Andacollo Mine
Angela Mine
Bella Santiaguina Mine
Caracoles
Caracoles Mining District
Centinela Cu Deposit
Codiciada Mine
Cuatro Pies Mine
El Telégrafo Cu Deposit
Estaca Mine
Etna Mine
Gregoria Mine
La Compañia Mine
La Paloma Mine
La Vendida Mine (Rio Tinto Mine)
Laura Mine (ex Laurita)
Oficina Chacabuco
Pampa Unión Mine
Pascua Mine
Pique Santa Ana Mine
Polo Sur Cu Deposit
Restauradora Mine
Restituta Mine
Rosario Mine
San Antonio Mine
San Armando Mine
San Manuel Mine
Santiago Mine (ex Rebosadero Santiago)

Latitude: 23°2'56"S
Longitude: 69°12'18"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -23.048888888889,-69.205

AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Br C Ca Cd Cl Cr Cu F Fe H I K Mg Mn Mo N Na O P Pb S Sb Si V Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al As Ca Cu Fe H Mg Na O P S Si 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AcanthiteAllophaneAluniteAmarantiteAmorphousApatiteAragoniteArsenopyriteAtacamiteAubertite
BaryteBlöditeBotryogenBrochantiteCalciteChalcanthiteChalcopyriteClayClinozoisiteCopiapite
CopperCoquimbiteCoronaditeCorundumCovelliteDescloiziteDiasporeEpidoteGypsumHalotrichite
HilgarditeIraniteKaoliniteKieseriteKtenasiteLinariteMalachiteMatlockiteMetavoltineMica
MolybdeniteMonaziteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupPerovskitePhenakitePyritePyrochloreQuartz
RhabdophaneRocksaltRoseliteScheeliteSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinelSulphurTamarugiteTetrahedrite
TurquoiseVoltaiteWurtzite

129 IMA Minerals at location:
Acanthite  (*)Aluminocopiapite  (*)Alunite  (*)Alunogen  (*)Amarantite  (*)
Anglesite  (*)Anhydrite  (*)Antlerite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Atacamite  (*)
Aubertite  (*)Baryte  (*)Bassanite  (*)Beaverite-(Cu)  (*)Beaverite-(Zn)  (*)
Belloite  (*)Bindheimite  (*)Blödite  (*)Boleite  (*)Bonattite  (*)
Bornite  (*)Botryogen  (*)Brochantite  (*)Bromargyrite  (*)Brushite  (*)
Butlerite  (*)Calcite  (*)Caracolite  (*)Cerussite  (*)Cesanite  (*)
Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcophanite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Challacolloite  (*)
Changoite  (*)Chlorargyrite  (*)Christelite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Clinoatacamite  (*)
Copiapite  (*)Copper  (*)Coquimbite  (*)Coronadite  (*)Cotunnite  (*)
Covellite  (*)Crocoite  (*)Cryptomelane  (*)Cuprocopiapite  (*)Diaboleite  (*)
Dioptase  (*)Dolomite  (*)Epidote  (*)Eriochalcite  (*)Euchroite  (*)
Ferrinatrite  (*)Fibroferrite  (*)Galena  (*)George-ericksenite  (*)Glauberite  (*)
Goethite  (*)Gold  (*)Gordaite  (*)Greenockite  (*)Gunningite  (*)
Gypsum  (*)Halite  (*)Halotrichite  (*)Hawleyite  (*)Hematite  (*)
Hemimorphite  (*)Herbertsmithite  (*)Hetaerolite  (*)Hohmannite  (*)Iodargyrite  (*)
Iranite  (*)Jarosite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)Kieserite  (*)Kröhnkite  (*)
Leucostaurite  (*)Linarite  (*)Lindgrenite  (*)Magnesioaubertite  (*)Magnetite  (*)
Malachite  (*)Matlockite  (*)Metasideronatrite  (*)Metavoltine  (*)Mimetite  (*)
Molybdenite  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)Mottramite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Natrojarosite  (*)
Niter  (*)Nitratine  (*)Opal  (*)Osarizawaite  (*)Paralaurionite  (*)
Paratacamite  (*)Penfieldite  (*)Phoenicochroite  (*)Pickeringite  (*)Plumbojarosite  (*)
Pseudoboleite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Rhomboclase  (*)
Riotintoite  (*)Sampleite  (*)Santanaite  (*)Schwartzembergite  (*)Seeligerite  (*)
Sideronatrite  (*)Silver  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Sulphur  (*)Szomolnokite  (*)
Tamarugite  (*)Tenorite  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Thénardite  (*)Turquoise  (*)
Vendidaite  (*)Voltaite  (*)Willemite  (*)Wulfenite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite  (*)AcanthiteAg2S6463335667,35669,357232793
Aluminocopiapite  (*)Copiapite(Al,Mg)Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH,O)2·20H2O646313576550
Alunite  (*)NoneKAl3(SO4)2(OH)66434.49335660,35761,35767966
Alunogen  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2(SO4)3(H2O)12·5H2O6463135767272
Amarantite  (*)AmarantiteFe3+2O(SO4)2·7H2O6463235648,3576522
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)6463335650,35658,356672734
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)6463335653,35658,357671588
Antlerite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2+3(SO4)(OH)46463135660246
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS6434.4909052
Atacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)36442.82035644,35646,35647,35652,35653,35658,35660,35758,35759,35762,35764,35765,35766,35767,35770,35773,35776,35777,35778,35780544
Aubertite  (*)AubertiteCu2+Al(SO4)2Cl·14H2O6463235765,3576713
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)6463235658,3569311547
Bassanite  (*)RhabdophaneCa(SO4)·0.5H2O646313565882
Beaverite-(Cu)  (*)AlunitePb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)66463235653,35658132
Beaverite-(Zn)  (*)NonePb(Fe3+2Zn)(SO4)2(OH)664631356584
Belloite  (*)NoneCu(OH)Cl64631357676
Bindheimite  (*)PyrochlorePb2Sb5+2O76463235649,35650450
Blödite  (*)BlöditeNa2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O6463135767130
Boleite  (*)NoneKAg9Pb26Cu24Cl62(OH)486463835649,35650,35651,35653,35657,35658,35661,3576565
Bonattite  (*)NoneCu(SO4)·3H2O646313576521
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS464631357645516
Botryogen  (*)BotryogenMgFe3+(SO4)2(OH)·7H2O646313577445
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)66463535644,35646,35765,35766,357701633
Bromargyrite  (*)RocksaltAgBr6463135644227
Brushite  (*)GypsumCa(PO3OH)·2H2O6434.490104
Butlerite  (*)Not in a structural groupFe3+(SO4)(OH)·2H2O646313576526
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)6463735679,35681,35682,35693,35723,35759,3577727770
Caracolite  (*)ApatiteNa2(Pb2Na)(SO4)3Cl6463935649,35650,35652,35653,35657,35658,35659,35747,3576520
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)6463235658,356674979
Cesanite  (*)ApatiteCa2Na3(SO4)3OH64631356493
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O6463235767,35778925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S6434.49335758,35761,357735707
Chalcophanite  (*)NoneZnMn4+3O7·3H2O6463135767197
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS26434.491335644,35646,35658,35758,35759,35761,35762,35763,35764,35767,35773,35778,3578027198
Challacolloite  (*)NoneKPb2Cl564631356497
Changoite  (*)BlöditeNa2Zn(SO4)2·4H2O6463235658,357656
Chlorargyrite  (*)RocksaltAgCl6463535648,35658,35669,35723,357471382
Christelite  (*)KtenasiteZn3Cu2(SO4)2(OH)6·4H2O64631356585
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O6442.8735647,35658,35758,35763,35768,35773,357773531
Clinoatacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)36463235660,3576743
Copiapite  (*)CopiapiteFe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O6463135765382
Copper  (*)CopperCu6463735646,35647,35759,35762,35763,35768,357773846
Coquimbite  (*)CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12·6H2O6463235765,35767136
Coronadite  (*)CoronaditePb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O166463235658,35765227
Cotunnite  (*)NonePbCl26463235648,3565754
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS64631356584165
Crocoite  (*)Monazite BarytePb(CrO4)6463335658,35661,3577481
Cryptomelane  (*)CoronaditeK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O166463135767599
Cuprocopiapite  (*)CopiapiteCu2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O646313576712
Diaboleite  (*)PerovskiteCuPb2Cl2(OH)46463635651,35654,35657,35658,35661,3576557
Dioptase  (*)NoneCuSiO3·H2O6463135656164
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)264631356589895
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)6463235658,357678173
Eriochalcite  (*)NoneCuCl2·2H2O646313576713
Euchroite  (*)NoneCu2(AsO4)(OH)·3H2O6434.49024
Ferrinatrite  (*)NoneNa3Fe3+(SO4)3·3H2O646313576525
Fibroferrite  (*)Not in a structural groupFe3+(SO4)(OH)·5H2O6463135765107
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS64631235650,35652,35653,35657,35658,35661,35693,35760,35762,35768,35775,3577924243
George-ericksenite  (*)NoneNa6CaMg(IO3)6(CrO4)2·12H2O64631357691
Glauberite  (*)NoneNa2Ca(SO4)26463135767137
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)6463235644,357677437
Gold  (*)CopperAu6434.49435658,35761,35765,3576630554
Gordaite  (*)KtenasiteNaZn4(SO4)(OH)6Cl·6H2O646313565817
Greenockite  (*)WurtziteCdS6463135765717
Gunningite  (*)KieseriteZn(SO4)·H2O6463235658,3576748
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O6463935649,35656,35657,35658,35660,35693,35747,35767,357746890
Halite  (*)RocksaltNaCl6463235767,357691398
Halotrichite  (*)HalotrichiteFe2+Al2(SO4)4·22H2O6463135765409
Hawleyite  (*)SphaleriteCdS646313576562
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O36463435661,35766,35767,3577714640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O6463435654,35657,35658,357651689
Herbertsmithite  (*)AtacamiteCu3Zn(OH)6Cl26463535653,35654,35656,35658,3576521
Hetaerolite  (*)SpinelZnMn3+2O4646313565873
Hohmannite  (*)AmarantiteFe3+2O(SO4)2·8H2O6434.49010
Iodargyrite  (*)WurtziteAgI6463235648,35658180
Iranite  (*)IraniteCuPb10(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2646313566111
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)66434.49535655,35658,35761,35765,357672228
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)464631357675591
Kieserite  (*)KieseriteMg(SO4)·H2O646313576780
Kröhnkite  (*)RoseliteNa2Cu(SO4)2·2H2O6463335658,35765,3576727
Leucostaurite  (*)HilgarditePb2[B5O9]Cl·0.5H2O6463235649,357472
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)26463135693987
Lindgrenite  (*)NoneCu3(Mo6+O4)2(OH)2646313566021
Magnesioaubertite  (*)AubertiteMgAl(SO4)2Cl·14H2O64631357674
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O46463235658,3576714899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)26463435644,35658,35763,3578012537
Matlockite  (*)MatlockitePbClF646313565029
Metasideronatrite  (*)NoneNa2Fe3+(SO4)2(OH)·H2O6463235648,3576528
Metavoltine  (*)MetavoltineK2Na6Fe2+Fe3+6O2(SO4)12·18H2O6463235765,3576778
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl6463535645,35654,35659,35747,357651107
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS26434.49335761,35764,357785800
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O6434.4901508
Mottramite  (*)DescloizitePbCu(VO4)(OH)6463135660362
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)26442.8235758,3577317380
Natrojarosite  (*)AluniteNaFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)66463135767254
Niter  (*)NoneK(NO3)6463135769181
Nitratine  (*)CalciteNa(NO3)6463335767,35769,3577091
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O64631356562994
Osarizawaite  (*)AlunitePb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6646313565364
Paralaurionite  (*)NonePbCl(OH)6463535648,35649,35657,35658,3574746
Paratacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)Cl2(OH)66463535652,35653,35658,35747,35767158
Penfieldite  (*)NonePb2Cl3(OH)6463235649,3565722
Phoenicochroite  (*)NonePb2O(CrO4)6463335645,35658,3566135
Pickeringite  (*)HalotrichiteMgAl2(SO4)4·22H2O6463135767265
Plumbojarosite  (*)AlunitePb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)66463135658477
Pseudoboleite  (*)NonePb31Cu24Cl62(OH)486463535650,35654,35657,35660,3577633
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS26434.49635658,35758,35761,35765,35767,3577339462
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S86434.4909056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO264631935644,35646,35652,35653,35654,35658,35661,35759,35760,35762,35763,35764,35765,35767,35768,35775,35778,35779,3578061156
Rhomboclase  (*)Not in a structural group(H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2·2H2O646313576753
Riotintoite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl(SO4)(OH)·3H2O64631357671
Sampleite  (*)NoneNaCaCu5(PO4)4Cl·5H2O646313566040
Santanaite  (*)NonePb11CrO1664631356591
Schwartzembergite  (*)NonePb2+5H2I3+O6Cl364631035649,35652,35653,35654,35658,35659,35661,35693,35747,3577621
Seeligerite  (*)NonePb3(IO4)Cl36463735649,35651,35654,35657,35658,35659,3574712
Sideronatrite  (*)NoneNa2Fe3+(SO4)2(OH)·3H2O646313576573
Silver  (*)CopperAg64638435665,35667,35669,35670,35671,35673,35674,35675,35676,35677,35678,35679,35680,35681,35682,35684,35685,35686,35687,35688,35691,35692,35694,35695,35696,35697,35698,35699,35700,35701,35702,35703,35704,35705,35706,35707,35708,35709,35710,35711,35712,35713,35714,35715,35716,35718,35719,35720,35721,35722,35723,35724,35725,35726,35728,35729,35730,35731,35732,35733,35734,35735,35736,35737,35738,35739,35740,35741,35742,35743,35744,35745,35746,35747,35748,35749,35750,35751,35752,35753,35754,35755,35756,357575186
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS6463535658,35760,35765,35768,3577521482
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS64631356582045
Szomolnokite  (*)KieseriteFe(SO4)·H2O6463135767139
Tamarugite  (*)TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2·6H2O6463335647,35765,3576787
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO6442.8235758,357731101
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S136463435760,35766,35777,357795317
Thénardite  (*)NoneNa2(SO4)6463235648,35658299
Turquoise  (*)TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O6463135660484
Vendidaite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2(SO4)(OH)3Cl·6H2O64631357671
Voltaite  (*)VoltaiteK2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12·18H2O6463135767111
Willemite  (*)PhenakiteZn2SiO46463135657303
Wulfenite  (*)ScheelitePbMoO46463535645,35654,35658,35659,356611655



3 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
PorphCu-00004646364–63      Antlerite, Atacamite, Brochantite, Chalcanthite, Chalcopyrite, Jarosite, Magnetite, Malachite, PyriteCu672Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, ChileSierra GordaSinger et al. (2008) USGSOFR2008_1155 
PorphCu-0029745.842.844.3±1.5      Atacamite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Chrysocolla, Pyrite, TenoriteCu205860Centinela Cu Deposit, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, ChileCentinelaSinger et al. (2008) USGSOFR2008_1155 
PorphCu-0030038.8934.4938.72±0.17 to 34.9±0.41      Alunite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Gold, Jarosite, Molybdenite, PyriteCu205864El Telégrafo Cu Deposit, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, ChileEl TelégrafoSinger et al. (2008) USGSOFR2008_1155 


SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R100178Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R100178
R130548Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R130548
R050159La Poderosa Mine, Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R050159
R050163Margarita Mine, Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R050163
R050162Margarita Mine, Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R050162
R060792San Francisco Mine (Beatrix Mine), Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R060792
R100059San Francisco Mine (Beatrix Mine), Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R100059
R060387San Francisco Mine (Beatrix Mine), Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R060387
R070099San Francisco Mine (Beatrix Mine), Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R070099
R060714San Francisco Mine (Beatrix Mine), Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R060714
R110213La Compañia Mine, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R110213
R100198La Vendida Mine (Rio Tinto Mine), Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chilehttps://rruff.info/R100198


All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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