Forsterite R040052 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Forsterite R040052

Name: Forsterite
RRUFF ID: R040052
Ideal Chemistry: Mg₂(SiO₄)
Locality: Synthetic, Czochralski method
Source: Hideki Kanazawa of Kyoto University, Japan
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Colorless crystal fragments obtained from a boule.
Status: The identification of this mineral has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis

Mineral Group: [ Olivine (61) ]

Quick search: [ All Forsterite samples (20) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R040052.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	Mg_2.00Si_1.00O₄
Microprobe Data File:	[ Download Excel File ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Sample is oriented, mounted onto a pin and polished

Pin ID:

l00104

Orientation:

Laser parallel to -a* (-1 0 0). Fiducial mark perpendicular to laser is parallel to b [0 1 0].

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

Raman Mode Analysis

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R040052

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (Processed)
	RRUFF File
	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

INFRARED SPECTRUM (Attenuated Total Reflectance)

RRUFF ID:

R040052.1

Instrument settings:

SensIR Durascope on a Nicolet Magna 860 FTIR

Resolution:

DOWNLOADS:

	Infrared Data (Processed)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R040052.1

Sample Description:

Powder

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 4.7558(2)Å b: 10.1965(4)Å c: 5.9817(2)Å
alpha: 90.° beta: 90.° gamma: 90.° Volume: 290.07(1)Å³ Crystal System: orthorhombic

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	Cell Refinement Data
	Cell Refinement Output Data
	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - Processed)
	RRUFF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Forsterite
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Levy M (1824) Observations on the preceding paper, with an account of a new mineral, The Annals of Philosophy, 7, 59-62 [view file]
Aurousseau M, Merwin H E (1928) Olivine: I. from the Hawaiian islands; II. pure forsterite, American Mineralogist, 13, 559-564
Ghose S (1962) The nature of Mg²⁺-Fe²⁺ distribution in some ferromagnesian silicate minerals, American Mineralogist, 47, 388-394 [view file]
Fisher G W (1967) Fe-Mg olivine solid solutions, Carnegie Institution of Washington Year book, 66, 209-217
Birle J D, Gibbs G V, Moore P B, Smith J V (1968) Crystal structures of natural olivines, American Mineralogist, 53, 807-824 [view file]
Louisnathan S J, Smith J V (1968) Cell dimensions of olivine, Mineralogical Magazine, 36, 1123-1134 [view file]
Matsui Y, Syono Y (1968) Unit cell dimensions of some synthetic olivine group solid solutions, Geochemical Journal, 2, 51-59
Fisher G W, Medaris L G (1969) Cell dimensions and X-ray determinative curve for synthetic Mg-Fe olivines, American Mineralogist, 54, 741-753 [view file]
Simkin T, Smith J V (1970) Minor-element distribution in olivine, The Journal of Geology, 78, 304-325
Burns R G, Huggins F E (1972) Cation determinative curves for Mg-Fe-Mn olivines from vibrational spectra, American Mineralogist, 57, 967-985 [view file]
Brown G E, Prewitt C T (1973) High-temperature crystal chemistry of hortonolite, American Mineralogist, 58, 577-587 [view file]
Smyth J R, Hazen R M (1973) The crystal structures of forsterite and hortonolite at several temperatures up to 900°C, American Mineralogist, 58, 588-593 [view file]
Warner R D, Luth W C (1973) Two-phase data for the join monticellite (CaMgSiO₄) - forsterite (Mg₂SiO₄): experimental results and numerical analysis, American Mineralogist, 58, 998-1008 [view file]
Wenk H R, Raymond K N (1973) Four new structure refinements of olivine, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 137, 86-105 [view file]
Steele I M, Smith J V (1975) Minor elements in lunar olivine as a petrologic indicator, Proceedings of the Sixth Lunar Science Conference, 1, 451-467
Hazen R M (1976) Effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of forsterite, American Mineralogist, 61, 1280-1293 [view file]
Mokeeva V I, Simonov M A, Belokoneva E L, Makarov E S, Ivanov V I, Rannev N V (1976) X-ray study of details of structure and distribution of magnesium and iron atoms in lunar and terrestrial olivines, Akademii Nauk SSSR, Eksperimental’no-Metodicheskie Issledovaniya Rudnykh Mineralov, Moscow, 13, 84-92
Mossman D J, Pawson D J (1976) X-ray and optical characterization of the forsterite-fayalite-tephroite series with comments on knebelite from Bluebell mine, British Columbia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 14, 479-486 [view file]
Bayliss P (1977) X-ray and optical characterization of the forsterite-fayalite-tephroite series with comments on knebelite from Bluebell Mine, Britich Columbia: discussion, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 267-267 [view file]
Hazen R M (1977) Effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of ferromagnesian olivine, American Mineralogist, 62, 286-295 [view file]
Schwab R G, Küstner D (1977) Präzisionsgitterkonstantenbestimmung zur Festlegung röntgenographischer Bestimmungskurven für synthetische Olivine der Mischkristallreihe Forsterit-Fayalit, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 5, 205-215
Riekel C, Weiss A (1978) Cation-ordering in synthetic Mg_2-xFe_xSiO₄-olivines, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B Anorganische Chemie, Organische Chemie, 33b, 731-736
Stormer J C (1978) Calcium zoning in olivine and its relationship to silica activity and pressure, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37, 1815-1821
Basso R, Negro A D, Giusta A D, Rossi G (1979) Fe/Mg distribution in the olivine of ultrafemic nodules from Assab (Ethiopia), Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 5, 197-202
Francis C A, Ribbe P H (1980) The forsterite-tephroite series: I. crystal structure refinements, American Mineralogist, 65, 1263-1269 [view file]
Fujino K, Sasaki S, Takéuchi Y, Sadanaga R (1981) X-ray determination of electron distributions in forsterite, fayalite and tephroite, Acta Crystallographica, B37, 513-518
Nover G, Will G (1981) Structure refinements of seven natural olivine crystals and the influence of the oxygen partial pressure on the cation distribution, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 155, 27-45 [view file]
Nord A G, Annersten H, Filippidis A (1982) The cation distribution in synthetic Mg-Fe-Ni olivines, American Mineralogist, 67, 1206-1211 [view file]
Takéuchi Y, Yamanaka T, Haga N, Hirano M (1984) High-temperature crystallography of olivines and spinels, in Materials Science of the Earth's Interior Terra Scientific Pub. Co. Tokyo 191-231
Urusov V S, Lapina I V, Kravchuk I F, Kabalov Y K (1984) Isomorphism in the forsterite-tephroite series [in Russian], Geokhimiya, 7, 1047-1055 [view file]
Francis C A (1985) New data on the forsterite-tephroite series, American Mineralogist, 70, 568-575 [view file]
Kudoh Y, Takéuchi Y (1985) The crystal structure of forsterite Mg₂SiO₄ under high pressure up to 149 kb, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 171, 291-302
Urusov V S, Lapina I V, Kabalov Y K, Kravchuk I F (1985) Isomorphism in the forsterite-tephroite series [in English], Geochemistry International, 22, 80-88
Bocchio R, Brajkovic A, Pilati T (1986) Crystal chemistry of the olivines in the peridotites from the Ivrea-Verbano zone (Western Italian Alps), Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 7, 313-324
Will G, Hoffbauer W, Hinze E, Lauterjung J (1986) The compressibility of forsterite up to 300 kbar measured with synchrotron radiation, Physica B and C, 139, 193-197 [view file]
Boström D (1987) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of synthetic Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions, American Mineralogist, 72, 965-972 [view file]
McCormick T C, Smyth J R, Lofgren G E (1987) Site occupancies of minor elements in synthetic olivines as determined by channeling-enhanced X-ray emission, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 14, 368-372
Vokurka K, Rieder M (1987) Thermal expansion and excess volumes of synthetic olivines on the Mg₂SiO₄-Ni₂SiO₄ join, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1987, 97-106
Jurewicz A J G, Watson E B (1988) Cations in olivine, Part 1: Calcium partitioning and calcium-magnesium distribution between olivines and coexisting melts, with petrologic applications, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 99, 176-185
Jurewicz A J G, Watson E B (1988) Cations in olivine, Part 2: Diffusion in olivine xenocrysts, with applications to petrology and mineral physics, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 99, 186-201
Motoyama T, Matsumoto T (1989) The crystal structures and the cation distributions of Mg and Fe of natural olivines, Mineralogical Journal, 14, 338-350
Heymann D (1990) Raman study of olivines in 37 heavily and moderately shocked ordinary chondrites, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54, 2507-2510
Ottonello G, Princivalle F, Della Giusta A (1990) Temperature, composition, and ƒ_^O2, effects on intersite distribution of Mg and Fe²⁺ in olivines, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17, 301-312
Princivalle F (1990) Influence of temperature and composition on Mg-Fe²⁺ intracrystalline distribution in olivines, Mineralogy and Petrology, 43, 121-129
Chopelas A (1991) Single crystal Raman spectra of forsterite, fayalite, and monticellite, American Mineralogist, 76, 1101-1109 [view file]
Gillet P, Richet P, Guyot F, Fiquet G (1991) High-temperature thermodynamic properties of forsterite, Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 11805-11816
Akamatsu T, Kumazawa M, Aikawa N, Takei H (1993) Pressure effect on the divalent cation distribution in nonideal solid solution of forsterite and fayalite, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 19, 431-444
Litvin A L, Semenenko V P, Egorova L N, Ostapenko S S (1993) Mg-Fe-distribution in the structures of five olivines from meteorites, Mineralogiceskij Zhurnal, 15, 46-54
Downs R T, Zha C-S, Duffy T S, Finger L W (1996) The equation of state of forsterite to 17.2 GPa and effects of pressure media, American Mineralogist, 81, 51-55 [view file]
Kajiyoshi K, Suzuki I (1996) Thermal expansion of forsterite, Mg2SiO4, 1. Measurements, Okayama University, Earth Science Reports, 3, 25-32 [view file]
Kolesov B A, Tanskaya J V (1996) Raman spectra and cation distribution in the lattice of olivines, Materials Research Bulletin, 31, 1035-1044 [link]
Gillet P, Daniel I, Guyot F (1997) Anharmonic properties of Mg₂SiO₄-forsterite measured from the volume dependence of the Raman spectrum, European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 255-262
Müller-Sommer M, Hock R, Kirfel A (1997) Rietveld refinement study of the cation distribution in (Co, Mg)-olivine solid solution, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 24, 17-23
Zha C-S, Duffy T S, Downs R T, Mao H-K, Hemley R J (1998) Brillouin scattering and X-ray diffraction of San Carlos olivine: direct pressure determination to 32 GPa, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 159, 25-33 [view file]
Zhang L (1998) Single crystal hydrostatic compression of (Mg,Mn,Fe,Co)₂SiO₄ olivines, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25, 308-312
Libourel G (1999) Systematics of calcium partitioning between olivine and silicate melt: implications for melt structure and calcium content of magmatic olivines, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 136, 63-80
Ovchinnikov N O, Nikitina L P (1999) The real structure and thermodynamic properties of olivine solid solutions (Fe_xMn_1-x)₂SiO₄, Doklady Akademii Nauk, 368, 535-539
Merli M, Oberti R, Caucia F, Ungaretti L (2001) Determination of site population in olivine: Warnings on X-ray data treatment refinement, American Mineralogist, 86, 55-65 [view file]
Weng Y H, Presnall D C (2001) The system diopside - forsterite - enstatite at 5.1 GPa: a ternary model for melting of the mantle, The Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 299-308 [view file]
Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]
Shinno I (2002) A Raman spectroscopic study of shocked forsterite, Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 97, 153-160 [view file]
Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (2004) A Raman spectroscopic study of Fe-Mg olivines, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 31, 142-154 [link]
Hamilton V E, McSween H Y, Hapke B (2005) Mineralogy of Martian atmospheric dust inferred from thermal infrared spectra of aerosols, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E12006 [link]
Kirfel A, Lippmann T, Blaha P, Schwarz K, Cox D F, Rosso K M, Gibbs G V (2005) Electron density distribution and bond critical point properties for forsterite, Mg₂SiO₄, determined with synchrotron single crystal X-ray diffraction data, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 32, 301-313
Kuebler K E, Jolliff B L, Wang A, Haskin L A (2006) Extracting olivine (Fo-Fa) compositions from Raman spectral peak positions, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70, 6201-6222
Heinemann R, Kroll H, Kirfel A, Barbier B (2007) Order and anti-order in olivine III: variation of the cation distribution in the Fe,Mg olivine solid solution series with temperature and composition, European Journal of Mineralogy, 19, 15-27
Mouri T, Enami M (2008) Raman spectroscopic study of olivine-group minerals, Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 103, 100-104 [view file]
Dyar M D, Sklute E C, Menzies O N, Bland P A, Lindsley D, Glotch T, Lane M D, Schaefer M W, Wopenka B, Klima R, Bishop J L, Hiroi T, Pieters C, Sunshine J (2009) Spectroscopic characteristics of synthetic olivine: An integrated multi-wavelength and multi-technique approach, American Mineralogist, 94, 883-898 [view file]
Hushur A, Manghnani M H, Smyth J R, Nestola F, Frost D J (2009) Crystal chemistry of hydrous forsterite and its vibrational properties up to 41 GPa, American Mineralogist, 94, 751-760 [view file]
Papike J J, Karner J M, Shearer C K, Burger P V (2009) Silicate mineralogy of martian meteorites, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73, 7443-7485
McKeown D A, Bell M I, Caracas R (2010) Theoretical determination of the Raman spectra of single-crystal forsterite (Mg₂SiO₄), American Mineralogist, 95, 980-986 [view file]
Nestola F, Nimis P, Ziberna L, Longo M, Marzoli A, Harris J W, Manghnani M H, Fedortchouk Y (2011) First crystal-structure determination of olivine in diamond: Composition and implications for provenance in the Earth's mantle, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 305, 249-255
Nestola F, Pasqual D, Smyth J, Novella D, Secco L, Manghnani M, Negro A D, (2011) New accurate elastic parameters for the forsterite-fayalite solid solution, American Mineralogist, 96, 1742-1747
Kroll H, Kirfel A, Heinemann R, Barbier B (2012) Volume thermal expansion and related thermophysical parameters in the Mg,Fe olivine solid-solution series, European Journal of Mineralogy, 24, 935-956
Trots D M, Kurnosov A, Ballaran T F, Frost D J (2012) High-temperature structural behaviors of anhydrous wadsleyite and forsterite, American Mineralogist, 97, 1582-1590 [view file]
Manghnani M H, Hurshur A, Smyth J R, Nestola F, Dera P, Sekar M, Amulele G, Frost D J (2013) Compressibility and structural stability of two variably hydrated olivine samples (Fo₉₇Fa₃) to 34 GPa by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 98, 1972-1979
Shejwalkar A, Coogan L A (2013) Experimental calibration of the roles of temperature and composition in the Ca-in-olivine geothermometer at 0.1 MPa, Lithos, 177, 54-60
Bolfan-Casanova N, Montagnac G, Reynard B (2014) Measurement of water contents in olivine using Raman spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 99, 149-156
Finkelstein G J, Dera P K, Jahn S, Oganov A R, Holl C M, Meng Y, Duffy T S (2014) Phase transitions and equation of state of forsterite to 90 GPa from single-crystal X-ray diffraction and molecular modeling, American Mineralogist, 99, 35-43
Kroll H, Kirfel A, Heinemann R (2014) Axial thermal expansion and related thermophysical parameters in the Mg,Fe olivine solid-solution series, European Journal of Mineralogy, 26, 607-621
Ejima T, Akasaka M, Nagao T, Ohfuji H (2015) Occurrence of Fe³⁺ and formation process of precipitates within oxidized olivine phenocrysts in basalt lava from Kuroshima volcano, Goto islands, Nagasaki, Japan, Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 1833-1848
Yang Y, Wang Z, Smyth J R, Liu J, Xia Q (2015) Water effects on the anharmonic properties of forsterite, American Mineralogist, 100, 2185-2190
Azevedo S, Nespolo M (2016) Twinning in olivine group revisited, European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 213-226
Balan E, Blanchard M, Lazzeri M, Ingrin J (2017) Theoretical Raman spectrum and anharmonicity of tetrahedral OH defects in hydrous forsterite, European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 201-212
Breitenfeld L B, Dyar M D, Carey C J, Tague T J, Wang P, Mullen T, Parente M (2018) Predicting olivine composition using Raman spectroscopy through band shift and multivariate analyses, American Mineralogist, 103, 1827-1836
Morrison S M, Downs R T, Blake D F, Prabhu A, Eleish A, Vaniman D T, Ming D W, Rampe E B, Hazen R M, Achilles C N, Treiman A H, Yen A S, Morris R V, Bristow T F, Chipera S J, Sarrazin P C, Fendrich K V, Morookian J M, Farmer J D, Des Marais D J, Craig P I (2018) Relationships between unit-cell parameters and composition for rock-forming minerals on Earth, Mars, and other extraterrestrial bodies, American Mineralogist, 103, 848-856 [view file]
Morrison S M, Downs R T, Blake D F, Vaniman D T, Ming D W, Hazen R M, Treiman A H, Achilles C N, Yen A S, Morris R V, Rampe E B, Bristow T F, Chipera S J, Sarrazin P C, Gellert R, Fendrich K V, Morookian J M, Farmer J D, Des Marais D J, Craig P I (2018) Crystal chemistry of martian minerals from Bradbury Landing through Naukluft Plateau, Gale crater, Mars, American Mineralogist, 103, 857-871 [view file]
Nesbitt H W, Bancroft G M, Henderson G S (2018) Temperature dependence of Raman shifts and line widths for Q⁰ and Q² crystals of silicates, phosphates, and sulphates, American Mineralogist, 103, 966-976
Knafelc J, Filiberto J, Ferré E C, Conder J A, Costello L, Crandall J R, Dyar M D, Friedman S A, Hummer D R, Schwenzer S P (2019) The effect of oxidation on the mineralogy and magnetic properties of olivine, American Mineralogist, 104, 694-702
Xu J, Fan D, Zhang D, Li B, Zhou W, Dera P K (2020) Investigation of the crystal structure of a low water content hydrous olivine to 29.9 GPa: A high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, American Mineralogist, 105, 1857-1865
Geiger C A, Vielreicher N M, Dachs E (2021) Are the thermodynamic properties of natural and synthetic Mg₂SiO₄-Fe₂SiO₄ olivines the same?, American Mineralogist, 106, 317-321
Liu D, Guo X, Smyth J R, Wang X, Zhu X, Miao Y, Bai J, Ye Y (2021) High-temperature and high-pressure Raman spectra of Fo₈₉Fa₁₁ and Fo₅₈Fa₄₂ olivines: Iron effect on thermodynamic properties, American Mineralogist, 106, 1668-1678

REFERENCES for Forsterite

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Levy M (1824) Observations on the preceding paper, with an account of a new mineral, The Annals of Philosophy, 7, 59-62 [view file]

Aurousseau M, Merwin H E (1928) Olivine: I. from the Hawaiian islands; II. pure forsterite, American Mineralogist, 13, 559-564

Ghose S (1962) The nature of Mg²⁺-Fe²⁺ distribution in some ferromagnesian silicate minerals, American Mineralogist, 47, 388-394 [view file]

Fisher G W (1967) Fe-Mg olivine solid solutions, Carnegie Institution of Washington Year book, 66, 209-217

Birle J D, Gibbs G V, Moore P B, Smith J V (1968) Crystal structures of natural olivines, American Mineralogist, 53, 807-824 [view file]

Louisnathan S J, Smith J V (1968) Cell dimensions of olivine, Mineralogical Magazine, 36, 1123-1134 [view file]

Matsui Y, Syono Y (1968) Unit cell dimensions of some synthetic olivine group solid solutions, Geochemical Journal, 2, 51-59

Fisher G W, Medaris L G (1969) Cell dimensions and X-ray determinative curve for synthetic Mg-Fe olivines, American Mineralogist, 54, 741-753 [view file]

Simkin T, Smith J V (1970) Minor-element distribution in olivine, The Journal of Geology, 78, 304-325

Burns R G, Huggins F E (1972) Cation determinative curves for Mg-Fe-Mn olivines from vibrational spectra, American Mineralogist, 57, 967-985 [view file]

Brown G E, Prewitt C T (1973) High-temperature crystal chemistry of hortonolite, American Mineralogist, 58, 577-587 [view file]

Smyth J R, Hazen R M (1973) The crystal structures of forsterite and hortonolite at several temperatures up to 900°C, American Mineralogist, 58, 588-593 [view file]

Warner R D, Luth W C (1973) Two-phase data for the join monticellite (CaMgSiO₄) - forsterite (Mg₂SiO₄): experimental results and numerical analysis, American Mineralogist, 58, 998-1008 [view file]

Wenk H R, Raymond K N (1973) Four new structure refinements of olivine, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 137, 86-105 [view file]

Steele I M, Smith J V (1975) Minor elements in lunar olivine as a petrologic indicator, Proceedings of the Sixth Lunar Science Conference, 1, 451-467

Hazen R M (1976) Effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of forsterite, American Mineralogist, 61, 1280-1293 [view file]

Mokeeva V I, Simonov M A, Belokoneva E L, Makarov E S, Ivanov V I, Rannev N V (1976) X-ray study of details of structure and distribution of magnesium and iron atoms in lunar and terrestrial olivines, Akademii Nauk SSSR, Eksperimental’no-Metodicheskie Issledovaniya Rudnykh Mineralov, Moscow, 13, 84-92

Mossman D J, Pawson D J (1976) X-ray and optical characterization of the forsterite-fayalite-tephroite series with comments on knebelite from Bluebell mine, British Columbia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 14, 479-486 [view file]

Bayliss P (1977) X-ray and optical characterization of the forsterite-fayalite-tephroite series with comments on knebelite from Bluebell Mine, Britich Columbia: discussion, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 267-267 [view file]

Hazen R M (1977) Effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of ferromagnesian olivine, American Mineralogist, 62, 286-295 [view file]

Schwab R G, Küstner D (1977) Präzisionsgitterkonstantenbestimmung zur Festlegung röntgenographischer Bestimmungskurven für synthetische Olivine der Mischkristallreihe Forsterit-Fayalit, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 5, 205-215

Riekel C, Weiss A (1978) Cation-ordering in synthetic Mg_2-xFe_xSiO₄-olivines, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B Anorganische Chemie, Organische Chemie, 33b, 731-736

Stormer J C (1978) Calcium zoning in olivine and its relationship to silica activity and pressure, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37, 1815-1821

Basso R, Negro A D, Giusta A D, Rossi G (1979) Fe/Mg distribution in the olivine of ultrafemic nodules from Assab (Ethiopia), Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 5, 197-202

Francis C A, Ribbe P H (1980) The forsterite-tephroite series: I. crystal structure refinements, American Mineralogist, 65, 1263-1269 [view file]

Fujino K, Sasaki S, Takéuchi Y, Sadanaga R (1981) X-ray determination of electron distributions in forsterite, fayalite and tephroite, Acta Crystallographica, B37, 513-518

Nover G, Will G (1981) Structure refinements of seven natural olivine crystals and the influence of the oxygen partial pressure on the cation distribution, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 155, 27-45 [view file]

Nord A G, Annersten H, Filippidis A (1982) The cation distribution in synthetic Mg-Fe-Ni olivines, American Mineralogist, 67, 1206-1211 [view file]

Takéuchi Y, Yamanaka T, Haga N, Hirano M (1984) High-temperature crystallography of olivines and spinels, in Materials Science of the Earth's Interior Terra Scientific Pub. Co. Tokyo 191-231

Urusov V S, Lapina I V, Kravchuk I F, Kabalov Y K (1984) Isomorphism in the forsterite-tephroite series [in Russian], Geokhimiya, 7, 1047-1055 [view file]

Francis C A (1985) New data on the forsterite-tephroite series, American Mineralogist, 70, 568-575 [view file]

Kudoh Y, Takéuchi Y (1985) The crystal structure of forsterite Mg₂SiO₄ under high pressure up to 149 kb, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 171, 291-302

Urusov V S, Lapina I V, Kabalov Y K, Kravchuk I F (1985) Isomorphism in the forsterite-tephroite series [in English], Geochemistry International, 22, 80-88

Bocchio R, Brajkovic A, Pilati T (1986) Crystal chemistry of the olivines in the peridotites from the Ivrea-Verbano zone (Western Italian Alps), Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 7, 313-324

Will G, Hoffbauer W, Hinze E, Lauterjung J (1986) The compressibility of forsterite up to 300 kbar measured with synchrotron radiation, Physica B and C, 139, 193-197 [view file]

Boström D (1987) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of synthetic Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions, American Mineralogist, 72, 965-972 [view file]

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