Olivine R100101 - RRUFF Database: Raman, X-ray, Infrared, and Chemistry

Forsterite R100101

Name: Forsterite
RRUFF ID: R100101
Ideal Chemistry: Mg₂(SiO₄)
Locality: Yancey County, North Carolina, USA
Source: American Museum of Natural History 75156 [view label]
Owner: RRUFF
Description: Pale green consolidated aggregate of grains
Status: The identification of this mineral is confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis.

Mineral Group: [ Olivine (61) ]

Quick search: [ All Forsterite samples (20) ]

CHEMISTRY

RRUFF ID:	R100101.2
Sample Description:	Microprobe Fragment
Measured Chemistry:	(Mg_1.809Fe_0.183Ni_0.008Mn_0.003)Si_0.999O₄
Microprobe Data File:	[ Download Excel File ]

RAMAN SPECTRUM

RRUFF ID:

Sample Description:

Unoriented Raman on the primary sample

DOWNLOADS:

To download sample data,
please select a specific
orientation angle.

Raman Mode Analysis

BROAD SCAN WITH SPECTRAL ARTIFACTS

RRUFF ID:

R100101

Wavelength:

Sample Description:

Unoriented Raman on the primary sample

Instrument settings:

Thermo Almega XR 532nm @ 100% of 150mW

DOWNLOADS:

	Raman Data (RAW)
	RRUFF File

POWDER DIFFRACTION

RRUFF ID:

R100101.9

Sample Description:

Single crystal, powder profile is calculated

Cell Refinement Output:

a: 4.765(1)Å b: 10.237(2)Å c: 5.995(1)Å
alpha: 90° beta: 90° gamma: 90° Volume: 292.47(6)Å³ Crystal System: orthorhombic

File Type Information

Calculated diffraction file.

File Type Information

Output file from the Bruker D8 Advance instrument. Includes device headers and XY data.

DOWNLOADS:

	DIF File
	X-ray Data (XY - RAW)
	RRUFF File

REFERENCES for Forsterite
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]
Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]
Levy M (1824) Observations on the preceding paper, with an account of a new mineral, The Annals of Philosophy, 7, 59-62 [view file]
Aurousseau M, Merwin H E (1928) Olivine: I. from the Hawaiian islands; II. pure forsterite, American Mineralogist, 13, 559-564
Ghose S (1962) The nature of Mg²⁺-Fe²⁺ distribution in some ferromagnesian silicate minerals, American Mineralogist, 47, 388-394 [view file]
Fisher G W (1967) Fe-Mg olivine solid solutions, Carnegie Institution of Washington Year book, 66, 209-217
Birle J D, Gibbs G V, Moore P B, Smith J V (1968) Crystal structures of natural olivines, American Mineralogist, 53, 807-824 [view file]
Louisnathan S J, Smith J V (1968) Cell dimensions of olivine, Mineralogical Magazine, 36, 1123-1134 [view file]
Matsui Y, Syono Y (1968) Unit cell dimensions of some synthetic olivine group solid solutions, Geochemical Journal, 2, 51-59
Fisher G W, Medaris L G (1969) Cell dimensions and X-ray determinative curve for synthetic Mg-Fe olivines, American Mineralogist, 54, 741-753 [view file]
Simkin T, Smith J V (1970) Minor-element distribution in olivine, The Journal of Geology, 78, 304-325
Burns R G, Huggins F E (1972) Cation determinative curves for Mg-Fe-Mn olivines from vibrational spectra, American Mineralogist, 57, 967-985 [view file]
Brown G E, Prewitt C T (1973) High-temperature crystal chemistry of hortonolite, American Mineralogist, 58, 577-587 [view file]
Smyth J R, Hazen R M (1973) The crystal structures of forsterite and hortonolite at several temperatures up to 900°C, American Mineralogist, 58, 588-593 [view file]
Warner R D, Luth W C (1973) Two-phase data for the join monticellite (CaMgSiO₄) - forsterite (Mg₂SiO₄): experimental results and numerical analysis, American Mineralogist, 58, 998-1008 [view file]
Wenk H R, Raymond K N (1973) Four new structure refinements of olivine, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 137, 86-105 [view file]
Steele I M, Smith J V (1975) Minor elements in lunar olivine as a petrologic indicator, Proceedings of the Sixth Lunar Science Conference, 1, 451-467
Hazen R M (1976) Effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of forsterite, American Mineralogist, 61, 1280-1293 [view file]
Mokeeva V I, Simonov M A, Belokoneva E L, Makarov E S, Ivanov V I, Rannev N V (1976) X-ray study of details of structure and distribution of magnesium and iron atoms in lunar and terrestrial olivines, Akademii Nauk SSSR, Eksperimental’no-Metodicheskie Issledovaniya Rudnykh Mineralov, Moscow, 13, 84-92
Mossman D J, Pawson D J (1976) X-ray and optical characterization of the forsterite-fayalite-tephroite series with comments on knebelite from Bluebell mine, British Columbia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 14, 479-486 [view file]
Bayliss P (1977) X-ray and optical characterization of the forsterite-fayalite-tephroite series with comments on knebelite from Bluebell Mine, Britich Columbia: discussion, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 267-267 [view file]
Hazen R M (1977) Effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of ferromagnesian olivine, American Mineralogist, 62, 286-295 [view file]
Schwab R G, Küstner D (1977) Präzisionsgitterkonstantenbestimmung zur Festlegung röntgenographischer Bestimmungskurven für synthetische Olivine der Mischkristallreihe Forsterit-Fayalit, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 5, 205-215
Riekel C, Weiss A (1978) Cation-ordering in synthetic Mg_2-xFe_xSiO₄-olivines, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B Anorganische Chemie, Organische Chemie, 33b, 731-736
Stormer J C (1978) Calcium zoning in olivine and its relationship to silica activity and pressure, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37, 1815-1821
Basso R, Negro A D, Giusta A D, Rossi G (1979) Fe/Mg distribution in the olivine of ultrafemic nodules from Assab (Ethiopia), Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 5, 197-202
Francis C A, Ribbe P H (1980) The forsterite-tephroite series: I. crystal structure refinements, American Mineralogist, 65, 1263-1269 [view file]
Fujino K, Sasaki S, Takéuchi Y, Sadanaga R (1981) X-ray determination of electron distributions in forsterite, fayalite and tephroite, Acta Crystallographica, B37, 513-518
Nover G, Will G (1981) Structure refinements of seven natural olivine crystals and the influence of the oxygen partial pressure on the cation distribution, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 155, 27-45 [view file]
Nord A G, Annersten H, Filippidis A (1982) The cation distribution in synthetic Mg-Fe-Ni olivines, American Mineralogist, 67, 1206-1211 [view file]
Takéuchi Y, Yamanaka T, Haga N, Hirano M (1984) High-temperature crystallography of olivines and spinels, in Materials Science of the Earth's Interior Terra Scientific Pub. Co. Tokyo 191-231
Urusov V S, Lapina I V, Kravchuk I F, Kabalov Y K (1984) Isomorphism in the forsterite-tephroite series [in Russian], Geokhimiya, 7, 1047-1055 [view file]
Francis C A (1985) New data on the forsterite-tephroite series, American Mineralogist, 70, 568-575 [view file]
Kudoh Y, Takéuchi Y (1985) The crystal structure of forsterite Mg₂SiO₄ under high pressure up to 149 kb, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 171, 291-302
Urusov V S, Lapina I V, Kabalov Y K, Kravchuk I F (1985) Isomorphism in the forsterite-tephroite series [in English], Geochemistry International, 22, 80-88
Bocchio R, Brajkovic A, Pilati T (1986) Crystal chemistry of the olivines in the peridotites from the Ivrea-Verbano zone (Western Italian Alps), Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 7, 313-324
Will G, Hoffbauer W, Hinze E, Lauterjung J (1986) The compressibility of forsterite up to 300 kbar measured with synchrotron radiation, Physica B and C, 139, 193-197 [view file]
Boström D (1987) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of synthetic Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions, American Mineralogist, 72, 965-972 [view file]
McCormick T C, Smyth J R, Lofgren G E (1987) Site occupancies of minor elements in synthetic olivines as determined by channeling-enhanced X-ray emission, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 14, 368-372
Vokurka K, Rieder M (1987) Thermal expansion and excess volumes of synthetic olivines on the Mg₂SiO₄-Ni₂SiO₄ join, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1987, 97-106
Jurewicz A J G, Watson E B (1988) Cations in olivine, Part 1: Calcium partitioning and calcium-magnesium distribution between olivines and coexisting melts, with petrologic applications, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 99, 176-185
Jurewicz A J G, Watson E B (1988) Cations in olivine, Part 2: Diffusion in olivine xenocrysts, with applications to petrology and mineral physics, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 99, 186-201
Motoyama T, Matsumoto T (1989) The crystal structures and the cation distributions of Mg and Fe of natural olivines, Mineralogical Journal, 14, 338-350
Heymann D (1990) Raman study of olivines in 37 heavily and moderately shocked ordinary chondrites, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54, 2507-2510
Ottonello G, Princivalle F, Della Giusta A (1990) Temperature, composition, and ƒ_^O2, effects on intersite distribution of Mg and Fe²⁺ in olivines, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17, 301-312
Princivalle F (1990) Influence of temperature and composition on Mg-Fe²⁺ intracrystalline distribution in olivines, Mineralogy and Petrology, 43, 121-129
Chopelas A (1991) Single crystal Raman spectra of forsterite, fayalite, and monticellite, American Mineralogist, 76, 1101-1109 [view file]
Gillet P, Richet P, Guyot F, Fiquet G (1991) High-temperature thermodynamic properties of forsterite, Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 11805-11816
Akamatsu T, Kumazawa M, Aikawa N, Takei H (1993) Pressure effect on the divalent cation distribution in nonideal solid solution of forsterite and fayalite, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 19, 431-444
Litvin A L, Semenenko V P, Egorova L N, Ostapenko S S (1993) Mg-Fe-distribution in the structures of five olivines from meteorites, Mineralogiceskij Zhurnal, 15, 46-54
Downs R T, Zha C-S, Duffy T S, Finger L W (1996) The equation of state of forsterite to 17.2 GPa and effects of pressure media, American Mineralogist, 81, 51-55 [view file]
Kajiyoshi K, Suzuki I (1996) Thermal expansion of forsterite, Mg2SiO4, 1. Measurements, Okayama University, Earth Science Reports, 3, 25-32 [view file]
Kolesov B A, Tanskaya J V (1996) Raman spectra and cation distribution in the lattice of olivines, Materials Research Bulletin, 31, 1035-1044 [link]
Gillet P, Daniel I, Guyot F (1997) Anharmonic properties of Mg₂SiO₄-forsterite measured from the volume dependence of the Raman spectrum, European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 255-262
Müller-Sommer M, Hock R, Kirfel A (1997) Rietveld refinement study of the cation distribution in (Co, Mg)-olivine solid solution, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 24, 17-23
Zha C-S, Duffy T S, Downs R T, Mao H-K, Hemley R J (1998) Brillouin scattering and X-ray diffraction of San Carlos olivine: direct pressure determination to 32 GPa, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 159, 25-33 [view file]
Zhang L (1998) Single crystal hydrostatic compression of (Mg,Mn,Fe,Co)₂SiO₄ olivines, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25, 308-312
Libourel G (1999) Systematics of calcium partitioning between olivine and silicate melt: implications for melt structure and calcium content of magmatic olivines, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 136, 63-80
Ovchinnikov N O, Nikitina L P (1999) The real structure and thermodynamic properties of olivine solid solutions (Fe_xMn_1-x)₂SiO₄, Doklady Akademii Nauk, 368, 535-539
Merli M, Oberti R, Caucia F, Ungaretti L (2001) Determination of site population in olivine: Warnings on X-ray data treatment refinement, American Mineralogist, 86, 55-65 [view file]
Weng Y H, Presnall D C (2001) The system diopside - forsterite - enstatite at 5.1 GPa: a ternary model for melting of the mantle, The Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 299-308 [view file]
Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]
Shinno I (2002) A Raman spectroscopic study of shocked forsterite, Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 97, 153-160 [view file]
Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (2004) A Raman spectroscopic study of Fe-Mg olivines, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 31, 142-154 [link]
Hamilton V E, McSween H Y, Hapke B (2005) Mineralogy of Martian atmospheric dust inferred from thermal infrared spectra of aerosols, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E12006 [link]
Kirfel A, Lippmann T, Blaha P, Schwarz K, Cox D F, Rosso K M, Gibbs G V (2005) Electron density distribution and bond critical point properties for forsterite, Mg₂SiO₄, determined with synchrotron single crystal X-ray diffraction data, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 32, 301-313
Kuebler K E, Jolliff B L, Wang A, Haskin L A (2006) Extracting olivine (Fo-Fa) compositions from Raman spectral peak positions, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70, 6201-6222
Heinemann R, Kroll H, Kirfel A, Barbier B (2007) Order and anti-order in olivine III: variation of the cation distribution in the Fe,Mg olivine solid solution series with temperature and composition, European Journal of Mineralogy, 19, 15-27
Mouri T, Enami M (2008) Raman spectroscopic study of olivine-group minerals, Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 103, 100-104 [view file]
Dyar M D, Sklute E C, Menzies O N, Bland P A, Lindsley D, Glotch T, Lane M D, Schaefer M W, Wopenka B, Klima R, Bishop J L, Hiroi T, Pieters C, Sunshine J (2009) Spectroscopic characteristics of synthetic olivine: An integrated multi-wavelength and multi-technique approach, American Mineralogist, 94, 883-898 [view file]
Hushur A, Manghnani M H, Smyth J R, Nestola F, Frost D J (2009) Crystal chemistry of hydrous forsterite and its vibrational properties up to 41 GPa, American Mineralogist, 94, 751-760 [view file]
Papike J J, Karner J M, Shearer C K, Burger P V (2009) Silicate mineralogy of martian meteorites, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73, 7443-7485
McKeown D A, Bell M I, Caracas R (2010) Theoretical determination of the Raman spectra of single-crystal forsterite (Mg₂SiO₄), American Mineralogist, 95, 980-986 [view file]
Nestola F, Nimis P, Ziberna L, Longo M, Marzoli A, Harris J W, Manghnani M H, Fedortchouk Y (2011) First crystal-structure determination of olivine in diamond: Composition and implications for provenance in the Earth's mantle, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 305, 249-255
Nestola F, Pasqual D, Smyth J, Novella D, Secco L, Manghnani M, Negro A D, (2011) New accurate elastic parameters for the forsterite-fayalite solid solution, American Mineralogist, 96, 1742-1747
Kroll H, Kirfel A, Heinemann R, Barbier B (2012) Volume thermal expansion and related thermophysical parameters in the Mg,Fe olivine solid-solution series, European Journal of Mineralogy, 24, 935-956
Trots D M, Kurnosov A, Ballaran T F, Frost D J (2012) High-temperature structural behaviors of anhydrous wadsleyite and forsterite, American Mineralogist, 97, 1582-1590 [view file]
Manghnani M H, Hurshur A, Smyth J R, Nestola F, Dera P, Sekar M, Amulele G, Frost D J (2013) Compressibility and structural stability of two variably hydrated olivine samples (Fo₉₇Fa₃) to 34 GPa by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 98, 1972-1979
Shejwalkar A, Coogan L A (2013) Experimental calibration of the roles of temperature and composition in the Ca-in-olivine geothermometer at 0.1 MPa, Lithos, 177, 54-60
Bolfan-Casanova N, Montagnac G, Reynard B (2014) Measurement of water contents in olivine using Raman spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 99, 149-156
Finkelstein G J, Dera P K, Jahn S, Oganov A R, Holl C M, Meng Y, Duffy T S (2014) Phase transitions and equation of state of forsterite to 90 GPa from single-crystal X-ray diffraction and molecular modeling, American Mineralogist, 99, 35-43
Kroll H, Kirfel A, Heinemann R (2014) Axial thermal expansion and related thermophysical parameters in the Mg,Fe olivine solid-solution series, European Journal of Mineralogy, 26, 607-621
Ejima T, Akasaka M, Nagao T, Ohfuji H (2015) Occurrence of Fe³⁺ and formation process of precipitates within oxidized olivine phenocrysts in basalt lava from Kuroshima volcano, Goto islands, Nagasaki, Japan, Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 1833-1848
Yang Y, Wang Z, Smyth J R, Liu J, Xia Q (2015) Water effects on the anharmonic properties of forsterite, American Mineralogist, 100, 2185-2190
Azevedo S, Nespolo M (2016) Twinning in olivine group revisited, European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 213-226
Balan E, Blanchard M, Lazzeri M, Ingrin J (2017) Theoretical Raman spectrum and anharmonicity of tetrahedral OH defects in hydrous forsterite, European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 201-212
Breitenfeld L B, Dyar M D, Carey C J, Tague T J, Wang P, Mullen T, Parente M (2018) Predicting olivine composition using Raman spectroscopy through band shift and multivariate analyses, American Mineralogist, 103, 1827-1836
Morrison S M, Downs R T, Blake D F, Prabhu A, Eleish A, Vaniman D T, Ming D W, Rampe E B, Hazen R M, Achilles C N, Treiman A H, Yen A S, Morris R V, Bristow T F, Chipera S J, Sarrazin P C, Fendrich K V, Morookian J M, Farmer J D, Des Marais D J, Craig P I (2018) Relationships between unit-cell parameters and composition for rock-forming minerals on Earth, Mars, and other extraterrestrial bodies, American Mineralogist, 103, 848-856 [view file]
Morrison S M, Downs R T, Blake D F, Vaniman D T, Ming D W, Hazen R M, Treiman A H, Achilles C N, Yen A S, Morris R V, Rampe E B, Bristow T F, Chipera S J, Sarrazin P C, Gellert R, Fendrich K V, Morookian J M, Farmer J D, Des Marais D J, Craig P I (2018) Crystal chemistry of martian minerals from Bradbury Landing through Naukluft Plateau, Gale crater, Mars, American Mineralogist, 103, 857-871 [view file]
Nesbitt H W, Bancroft G M, Henderson G S (2018) Temperature dependence of Raman shifts and line widths for Q⁰ and Q² crystals of silicates, phosphates, and sulphates, American Mineralogist, 103, 966-976
Knafelc J, Filiberto J, Ferré E C, Conder J A, Costello L, Crandall J R, Dyar M D, Friedman S A, Hummer D R, Schwenzer S P (2019) The effect of oxidation on the mineralogy and magnetic properties of olivine, American Mineralogist, 104, 694-702
Xu J, Fan D, Zhang D, Li B, Zhou W, Dera P K (2020) Investigation of the crystal structure of a low water content hydrous olivine to 29.9 GPa: A high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, American Mineralogist, 105, 1857-1865
Geiger C A, Vielreicher N M, Dachs E (2021) Are the thermodynamic properties of natural and synthetic Mg₂SiO₄-Fe₂SiO₄ olivines the same?, American Mineralogist, 106, 317-321
Liu D, Guo X, Smyth J R, Wang X, Zhu X, Miao Y, Bai J, Ye Y (2021) High-temperature and high-pressure Raman spectra of Fo₈₉Fa₁₁ and Fo₅₈Fa₄₂ olivines: Iron effect on thermodynamic properties, American Mineralogist, 106, 1668-1678

REFERENCES for Forsterite

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database Record: [view record]

Anthony J W, Bideaux R A, Bladh K W, and Nichols M C (1990) Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson Arizona, USA, by permission of the Mineralogical Society of America. [view file]

Levy M (1824) Observations on the preceding paper, with an account of a new mineral, The Annals of Philosophy, 7, 59-62 [view file]

Aurousseau M, Merwin H E (1928) Olivine: I. from the Hawaiian islands; II. pure forsterite, American Mineralogist, 13, 559-564

Ghose S (1962) The nature of Mg²⁺-Fe²⁺ distribution in some ferromagnesian silicate minerals, American Mineralogist, 47, 388-394 [view file]

Fisher G W (1967) Fe-Mg olivine solid solutions, Carnegie Institution of Washington Year book, 66, 209-217

Birle J D, Gibbs G V, Moore P B, Smith J V (1968) Crystal structures of natural olivines, American Mineralogist, 53, 807-824 [view file]

Louisnathan S J, Smith J V (1968) Cell dimensions of olivine, Mineralogical Magazine, 36, 1123-1134 [view file]

Matsui Y, Syono Y (1968) Unit cell dimensions of some synthetic olivine group solid solutions, Geochemical Journal, 2, 51-59

Fisher G W, Medaris L G (1969) Cell dimensions and X-ray determinative curve for synthetic Mg-Fe olivines, American Mineralogist, 54, 741-753 [view file]

Simkin T, Smith J V (1970) Minor-element distribution in olivine, The Journal of Geology, 78, 304-325

Burns R G, Huggins F E (1972) Cation determinative curves for Mg-Fe-Mn olivines from vibrational spectra, American Mineralogist, 57, 967-985 [view file]

Brown G E, Prewitt C T (1973) High-temperature crystal chemistry of hortonolite, American Mineralogist, 58, 577-587 [view file]

Smyth J R, Hazen R M (1973) The crystal structures of forsterite and hortonolite at several temperatures up to 900°C, American Mineralogist, 58, 588-593 [view file]

Warner R D, Luth W C (1973) Two-phase data for the join monticellite (CaMgSiO₄) - forsterite (Mg₂SiO₄): experimental results and numerical analysis, American Mineralogist, 58, 998-1008 [view file]

Wenk H R, Raymond K N (1973) Four new structure refinements of olivine, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 137, 86-105 [view file]

Steele I M, Smith J V (1975) Minor elements in lunar olivine as a petrologic indicator, Proceedings of the Sixth Lunar Science Conference, 1, 451-467

Hazen R M (1976) Effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of forsterite, American Mineralogist, 61, 1280-1293 [view file]

Mokeeva V I, Simonov M A, Belokoneva E L, Makarov E S, Ivanov V I, Rannev N V (1976) X-ray study of details of structure and distribution of magnesium and iron atoms in lunar and terrestrial olivines, Akademii Nauk SSSR, Eksperimental’no-Metodicheskie Issledovaniya Rudnykh Mineralov, Moscow, 13, 84-92

Mossman D J, Pawson D J (1976) X-ray and optical characterization of the forsterite-fayalite-tephroite series with comments on knebelite from Bluebell mine, British Columbia, The Canadian Mineralogist, 14, 479-486 [view file]

Bayliss P (1977) X-ray and optical characterization of the forsterite-fayalite-tephroite series with comments on knebelite from Bluebell Mine, Britich Columbia: discussion, The Canadian Mineralogist, 15, 267-267 [view file]

Hazen R M (1977) Effects of temperature and pressure on the crystal structure of ferromagnesian olivine, American Mineralogist, 62, 286-295 [view file]

Schwab R G, Küstner D (1977) Präzisionsgitterkonstantenbestimmung zur Festlegung röntgenographischer Bestimmungskurven für synthetische Olivine der Mischkristallreihe Forsterit-Fayalit, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 5, 205-215

Riekel C, Weiss A (1978) Cation-ordering in synthetic Mg_2-xFe_xSiO₄-olivines, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B Anorganische Chemie, Organische Chemie, 33b, 731-736

Stormer J C (1978) Calcium zoning in olivine and its relationship to silica activity and pressure, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37, 1815-1821

Basso R, Negro A D, Giusta A D, Rossi G (1979) Fe/Mg distribution in the olivine of ultrafemic nodules from Assab (Ethiopia), Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 5, 197-202

Francis C A, Ribbe P H (1980) The forsterite-tephroite series: I. crystal structure refinements, American Mineralogist, 65, 1263-1269 [view file]

Fujino K, Sasaki S, Takéuchi Y, Sadanaga R (1981) X-ray determination of electron distributions in forsterite, fayalite and tephroite, Acta Crystallographica, B37, 513-518

Nover G, Will G (1981) Structure refinements of seven natural olivine crystals and the influence of the oxygen partial pressure on the cation distribution, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 155, 27-45 [view file]

Nord A G, Annersten H, Filippidis A (1982) The cation distribution in synthetic Mg-Fe-Ni olivines, American Mineralogist, 67, 1206-1211 [view file]

Takéuchi Y, Yamanaka T, Haga N, Hirano M (1984) High-temperature crystallography of olivines and spinels, in Materials Science of the Earth's Interior Terra Scientific Pub. Co. Tokyo 191-231

Urusov V S, Lapina I V, Kravchuk I F, Kabalov Y K (1984) Isomorphism in the forsterite-tephroite series [in Russian], Geokhimiya, 7, 1047-1055 [view file]

Francis C A (1985) New data on the forsterite-tephroite series, American Mineralogist, 70, 568-575 [view file]

Kudoh Y, Takéuchi Y (1985) The crystal structure of forsterite Mg₂SiO₄ under high pressure up to 149 kb, Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 171, 291-302

Urusov V S, Lapina I V, Kabalov Y K, Kravchuk I F (1985) Isomorphism in the forsterite-tephroite series [in English], Geochemistry International, 22, 80-88

Bocchio R, Brajkovic A, Pilati T (1986) Crystal chemistry of the olivines in the peridotites from the Ivrea-Verbano zone (Western Italian Alps), Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 7, 313-324

Will G, Hoffbauer W, Hinze E, Lauterjung J (1986) The compressibility of forsterite up to 300 kbar measured with synchrotron radiation, Physica B and C, 139, 193-197 [view file]

Boström D (1987) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of synthetic Ni-Mg olivine solid solutions, American Mineralogist, 72, 965-972 [view file]

McCormick T C, Smyth J R, Lofgren G E (1987) Site occupancies of minor elements in synthetic olivines as determined by channeling-enhanced X-ray emission, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 14, 368-372

Vokurka K, Rieder M (1987) Thermal expansion and excess volumes of synthetic olivines on the Mg₂SiO₄-Ni₂SiO₄ join, Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1987, 97-106

Jurewicz A J G, Watson E B (1988) Cations in olivine, Part 1: Calcium partitioning and calcium-magnesium distribution between olivines and coexisting melts, with petrologic applications, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 99, 176-185

Jurewicz A J G, Watson E B (1988) Cations in olivine, Part 2: Diffusion in olivine xenocrysts, with applications to petrology and mineral physics, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 99, 186-201

Motoyama T, Matsumoto T (1989) The crystal structures and the cation distributions of Mg and Fe of natural olivines, Mineralogical Journal, 14, 338-350

Heymann D (1990) Raman study of olivines in 37 heavily and moderately shocked ordinary chondrites, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54, 2507-2510

Ottonello G, Princivalle F, Della Giusta A (1990) Temperature, composition, and ƒ_^O2, effects on intersite distribution of Mg and Fe²⁺ in olivines, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 17, 301-312

Princivalle F (1990) Influence of temperature and composition on Mg-Fe²⁺ intracrystalline distribution in olivines, Mineralogy and Petrology, 43, 121-129

Chopelas A (1991) Single crystal Raman spectra of forsterite, fayalite, and monticellite, American Mineralogist, 76, 1101-1109 [view file]

Gillet P, Richet P, Guyot F, Fiquet G (1991) High-temperature thermodynamic properties of forsterite, Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 11805-11816

Akamatsu T, Kumazawa M, Aikawa N, Takei H (1993) Pressure effect on the divalent cation distribution in nonideal solid solution of forsterite and fayalite, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 19, 431-444

Litvin A L, Semenenko V P, Egorova L N, Ostapenko S S (1993) Mg-Fe-distribution in the structures of five olivines from meteorites, Mineralogiceskij Zhurnal, 15, 46-54

Downs R T, Zha C-S, Duffy T S, Finger L W (1996) The equation of state of forsterite to 17.2 GPa and effects of pressure media, American Mineralogist, 81, 51-55 [view file]

Kajiyoshi K, Suzuki I (1996) Thermal expansion of forsterite, Mg2SiO4, 1. Measurements, Okayama University, Earth Science Reports, 3, 25-32 [view file]

Kolesov B A, Tanskaya J V (1996) Raman spectra and cation distribution in the lattice of olivines, Materials Research Bulletin, 31, 1035-1044 [link]

Gillet P, Daniel I, Guyot F (1997) Anharmonic properties of Mg₂SiO₄-forsterite measured from the volume dependence of the Raman spectrum, European Journal of Mineralogy, 9, 255-262

Müller-Sommer M, Hock R, Kirfel A (1997) Rietveld refinement study of the cation distribution in (Co, Mg)-olivine solid solution, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 24, 17-23

Zha C-S, Duffy T S, Downs R T, Mao H-K, Hemley R J (1998) Brillouin scattering and X-ray diffraction of San Carlos olivine: direct pressure determination to 32 GPa, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 159, 25-33 [view file]

Zhang L (1998) Single crystal hydrostatic compression of (Mg,Mn,Fe,Co)₂SiO₄ olivines, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 25, 308-312

Libourel G (1999) Systematics of calcium partitioning between olivine and silicate melt: implications for melt structure and calcium content of magmatic olivines, Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 136, 63-80

Ovchinnikov N O, Nikitina L P (1999) The real structure and thermodynamic properties of olivine solid solutions (Fe_xMn_1-x)₂SiO₄, Doklady Akademii Nauk, 368, 535-539

Merli M, Oberti R, Caucia F, Ungaretti L (2001) Determination of site population in olivine: Warnings on X-ray data treatment refinement, American Mineralogist, 86, 55-65 [view file]

Weng Y H, Presnall D C (2001) The system diopside - forsterite - enstatite at 5.1 GPa: a ternary model for melting of the mantle, The Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 299-308 [view file]

Shannon R D, Shannon R C, Medenbach O, Fischer R X (2002) Refractive index and dispersion of fluorides and oxides, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 931-970 [view file]

Shinno I (2002) A Raman spectroscopic study of shocked forsterite, Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 97, 153-160 [view file]

Kolesov B A, Geiger C A (2004) A Raman spectroscopic study of Fe-Mg olivines, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 31, 142-154 [link]

Hamilton V E, McSween H Y, Hapke B (2005) Mineralogy of Martian atmospheric dust inferred from thermal infrared spectra of aerosols, Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, E12006 [link]

Kirfel A, Lippmann T, Blaha P, Schwarz K, Cox D F, Rosso K M, Gibbs G V (2005) Electron density distribution and bond critical point properties for forsterite, Mg₂SiO₄, determined with synchrotron single crystal X-ray diffraction data, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 32, 301-313

Kuebler K E, Jolliff B L, Wang A, Haskin L A (2006) Extracting olivine (Fo-Fa) compositions from Raman spectral peak positions, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70, 6201-6222

Heinemann R, Kroll H, Kirfel A, Barbier B (2007) Order and anti-order in olivine III: variation of the cation distribution in the Fe,Mg olivine solid solution series with temperature and composition, European Journal of Mineralogy, 19, 15-27

Mouri T, Enami M (2008) Raman spectroscopic study of olivine-group minerals, Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 103, 100-104 [view file]

Dyar M D, Sklute E C, Menzies O N, Bland P A, Lindsley D, Glotch T, Lane M D, Schaefer M W, Wopenka B, Klima R, Bishop J L, Hiroi T, Pieters C, Sunshine J (2009) Spectroscopic characteristics of synthetic olivine: An integrated multi-wavelength and multi-technique approach, American Mineralogist, 94, 883-898 [view file]

Hushur A, Manghnani M H, Smyth J R, Nestola F, Frost D J (2009) Crystal chemistry of hydrous forsterite and its vibrational properties up to 41 GPa, American Mineralogist, 94, 751-760 [view file]

Papike J J, Karner J M, Shearer C K, Burger P V (2009) Silicate mineralogy of martian meteorites, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73, 7443-7485

McKeown D A, Bell M I, Caracas R (2010) Theoretical determination of the Raman spectra of single-crystal forsterite (Mg₂SiO₄), American Mineralogist, 95, 980-986 [view file]

Nestola F, Nimis P, Ziberna L, Longo M, Marzoli A, Harris J W, Manghnani M H, Fedortchouk Y (2011) First crystal-structure determination of olivine in diamond: Composition and implications for provenance in the Earth's mantle, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 305, 249-255

Nestola F, Pasqual D, Smyth J, Novella D, Secco L, Manghnani M, Negro A D, (2011) New accurate elastic parameters for the forsterite-fayalite solid solution, American Mineralogist, 96, 1742-1747

Kroll H, Kirfel A, Heinemann R, Barbier B (2012) Volume thermal expansion and related thermophysical parameters in the Mg,Fe olivine solid-solution series, European Journal of Mineralogy, 24, 935-956

Trots D M, Kurnosov A, Ballaran T F, Frost D J (2012) High-temperature structural behaviors of anhydrous wadsleyite and forsterite, American Mineralogist, 97, 1582-1590 [view file]

Manghnani M H, Hurshur A, Smyth J R, Nestola F, Dera P, Sekar M, Amulele G, Frost D J (2013) Compressibility and structural stability of two variably hydrated olivine samples (Fo₉₇Fa₃) to 34 GPa by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 98, 1972-1979

Shejwalkar A, Coogan L A (2013) Experimental calibration of the roles of temperature and composition in the Ca-in-olivine geothermometer at 0.1 MPa, Lithos, 177, 54-60

Bolfan-Casanova N, Montagnac G, Reynard B (2014) Measurement of water contents in olivine using Raman spectroscopy, American Mineralogist, 99, 149-156

Finkelstein G J, Dera P K, Jahn S, Oganov A R, Holl C M, Meng Y, Duffy T S (2014) Phase transitions and equation of state of forsterite to 90 GPa from single-crystal X-ray diffraction and molecular modeling, American Mineralogist, 99, 35-43

Kroll H, Kirfel A, Heinemann R (2014) Axial thermal expansion and related thermophysical parameters in the Mg,Fe olivine solid-solution series, European Journal of Mineralogy, 26, 607-621

Ejima T, Akasaka M, Nagao T, Ohfuji H (2015) Occurrence of Fe³⁺ and formation process of precipitates within oxidized olivine phenocrysts in basalt lava from Kuroshima volcano, Goto islands, Nagasaki, Japan, Mineralogical Magazine, 79, 1833-1848

Yang Y, Wang Z, Smyth J R, Liu J, Xia Q (2015) Water effects on the anharmonic properties of forsterite, American Mineralogist, 100, 2185-2190

Azevedo S, Nespolo M (2016) Twinning in olivine group revisited, European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 213-226

Balan E, Blanchard M, Lazzeri M, Ingrin J (2017) Theoretical Raman spectrum and anharmonicity of tetrahedral OH defects in hydrous forsterite, European Journal of Mineralogy, 29, 201-212

Breitenfeld L B, Dyar M D, Carey C J, Tague T J, Wang P, Mullen T, Parente M (2018) Predicting olivine composition using Raman spectroscopy through band shift and multivariate analyses, American Mineralogist, 103, 1827-1836

Morrison S M, Downs R T, Blake D F, Prabhu A, Eleish A, Vaniman D T, Ming D W, Rampe E B, Hazen R M, Achilles C N, Treiman A H, Yen A S, Morris R V, Bristow T F, Chipera S J, Sarrazin P C, Fendrich K V, Morookian J M, Farmer J D, Des Marais D J, Craig P I (2018) Relationships between unit-cell parameters and composition for rock-forming minerals on Earth, Mars, and other extraterrestrial bodies, American Mineralogist, 103, 848-856 [view file]

Morrison S M, Downs R T, Blake D F, Vaniman D T, Ming D W, Hazen R M, Treiman A H, Achilles C N, Yen A S, Morris R V, Rampe E B, Bristow T F, Chipera S J, Sarrazin P C, Gellert R, Fendrich K V, Morookian J M, Farmer J D, Des Marais D J, Craig P I (2018) Crystal chemistry of martian minerals from Bradbury Landing through Naukluft Plateau, Gale crater, Mars, American Mineralogist, 103, 857-871 [view file]

Nesbitt H W, Bancroft G M, Henderson G S (2018) Temperature dependence of Raman shifts and line widths for Q⁰ and Q² crystals of silicates, phosphates, and sulphates, American Mineralogist, 103, 966-976

Knafelc J, Filiberto J, Ferré E C, Conder J A, Costello L, Crandall J R, Dyar M D, Friedman S A, Hummer D R, Schwenzer S P (2019) The effect of oxidation on the mineralogy and magnetic properties of olivine, American Mineralogist, 104, 694-702

Xu J, Fan D, Zhang D, Li B, Zhou W, Dera P K (2020) Investigation of the crystal structure of a low water content hydrous olivine to 29.9 GPa: A high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction study, American Mineralogist, 105, 1857-1865

Geiger C A, Vielreicher N M, Dachs E (2021) Are the thermodynamic properties of natural and synthetic Mg₂SiO₄-Fe₂SiO₄ olivines the same?, American Mineralogist, 106, 317-321

Liu D, Guo X, Smyth J R, Wang X, Zhu X, Miao Y, Bai J, Ye Y (2021) High-temperature and high-pressure Raman spectra of Fo₈₉Fa₁₁ and Fo₅₈Fa₄₂ olivines: Iron effect on thermodynamic properties, American Mineralogist, 106, 1668-1678