Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Friedensville, Saucon Valley, Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh Co., Pennsylvania, USA

Oldest recorded age at locality: 485
Youngest recorded age at locality: 470

mindat Locality ID: 27581
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-27581.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Friedensville, Saucon Valley, Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh Co., Pennsylvania, USA": 5
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 5

Number of Child Localities: 5
Child Localities:
Friedensville Mine
New Hartman Mine (Correll Mine)
Old Hartman Mine (Hartman Mine)
Three Cornered Mine
Ueberroth Mine

Latitude: 40°32'59"N
Longitude: 75°23'59"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 40.549722222222,-75.399722222222

AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al C Ca Cd Cu Fe H La Mg Mn Na O S Si Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al C Cu H O Si 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAragoniteCalciteClayEpsomiteHexahydriteKaoliniteLanthaniteMalachiteMarcasite
MelanteriteNoneNot in a structural groupPyriteQuartzRutileSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinelWurtzite

21 IMA Minerals at location:
Allophane  (*)Aragonite  (*)Bianchite  (*)Calcite  (*)Dolomite  (*)
Goslarite  (*)Greenockite  (*)Hemimorphite  (*)Hydrozincite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)
Lanthanite-(La)  (*)Malachite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Melanterite  (*)Pyrite  (*)
Pyrolusite  (*)Quartz  (*)Sauconite  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)
Spinel  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Allophane  (*)AllophaneAl2O3(SiO2)1.3-2.0·2.5-3.0H2O4854700470
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)4854702263077,2630813250
Bianchite  (*)HexahydriteZn(SO4)·6H2O485470126308140
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)4854702263077,26308127770
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)24854702263077,2630819895
Goslarite  (*)EpsomiteZn(SO4)·7H2O4854702263077,263081188
Greenockite  (*)WurtziteCdS4854702263077,263081717
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O4854705263077,263078,263079,263080,2630811689
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)64854702263077,2630811066
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)448547012630815591
Lanthanite-(La)  (*)LanthaniteLa2(CO3)3·8H2O485470126308110
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2485470012537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS248547012630815674
Melanterite  (*)MelanteriteFe(SO4)·7H2O4854701263081915
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS24854702263077,26308139462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO248547012630773106
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO24854702263077,26308161156
Sauconite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculiteNa0.3Zn3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O4854703263077,263078,26308156
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)4854702263077,2630812473
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS4854703263077,263078,26308121482
Spinel  (*)SpinelMgAl2O448547012630771934



1 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
sedexmvt-00224485470Early Ordovician host rock age      4091Friedensville Mine, Friedensville, Saucon Valley, Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh Co., Pennsylvania, USAFriedensvilleTaylor et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009_1297 


SampleSource LocalityReference URL


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