Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Kuusamo, North Ostrobothnia, Finland

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2100
Youngest recorded age at locality: 1800

mindat Locality ID: 10223
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-10223.html

Tectonic Settings: Continental Extension

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Kuusamo, North Ostrobothnia, Finland": 25
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 24

Number of Child Localities: 18
Child Localities:
Hangaslampi
Honkilehto
Iivaara (Ijola)
Isoaho
Juomasuo
Kantolahti
Kitka River Valley
Konttiaho
Kouvervaara
Kuusamo Kimberlites
Meurastuksenaho
Murronmaa
Pohjaslampi
Ruka
Sakarinkaivulamminsuo (Juomasuo II)
Säynäjävaara
Sivakkaharju
Uuniniemi

Latitude: 66°11'11"N
Longitude: 29°4'52"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 66.186388888889,29.081111111111
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As Au Ba Bi C Ca Ce Cl Co Cr Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Mo Na Nb Ni O P Pb S Se Si Ta Te Th Ti U W Y Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Cl Fe H O 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllaniteAmphiboleAnalcimeApatiteArsenicAtacamiteBranneriteCalciteCancriniteCancrinite-sodalite
ChalcopyriteChloritoidClayClinozoisiteCobaltiteColumbiteCopperCorundumCovelliteDiamond
EpidoteFeldsparFluoriteGarnetIronLöllingiteMarcasiteMeloniteMicaMillerite
MolybdeniteMonaziteNatroliteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupPectolitePentlanditePerovskitePyrite
PyroxeneQuartzRocksaltRutileScheeliteSodaliteSpinelStauroliteStibniteSulphur
TalcTetradymiteTitaniteTridymiteWilkmaniteWollastoniteZircon

103 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Aegirine-augite  (*)Albite  (*)Allanite-(Ce)  (*)Almandine  (*)
Altaite  (*)Analcime  (*)Anatase  (*)Ankerite  (*)Bijvoetite-(Y)  (*)
Bismuth  (*)Bismuthinite  (*)Bornite  (*)Brannerite  (*)Calaverite  (*)
Calcite  (*)Cancrinite  (*)Cattierite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chloritoid  (*)
Chromite  (*)Clausthalite  (*)Cobaltite  (*)Cobaltpentlandite  (*)Columbite-(Fe)  (*)
Covellite  (*)Diamond  (*)Dolomite  (*)Epidote  (*)Euxenite-(Y)  (*)
Ferberite  (*)Ferroselite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)Frohbergite  (*)Galena  (*)
Gold  (*)Hedleyite  (*)Hematite  (*)Hibbingite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)
Iron  (*)Jaipurite  (*)Kasolite  (*)Kawazulite  (*)Kinoshitalite  (*)
Kitkaite  (*)Kullerudite  (*)Kyanite  (*)Linnaeite  (*)Mackinawite  (*)
Magnetite  (*)Mäkinenite  (*)Maldonite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Mattagamite  (*)
Melonite  (*)Microcline  (*)Millerite  (*)Molybdenite  (*)Monazite-(Ce)  (*)
Muscovite  (*)Natrolite  (*)Nepheline  (*)Orthoclase  (*)Paragonite  (*)
Paraguanajuatite  (*)Pectolite  (*)Penroseite  (*)Pentlandite  (*)Perovskite  (*)
Phlogopite  (*)Polydymite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)Pyrope  (*)
Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Rammelsbergite  (*)Richetite  (*)Rucklidgeite  (*)
Rutile  (*)Scheelite  (*)Schorlomite  (*)Sederholmite  (*)Selenium  (*)
Siegenite  (*)Sodalite  (*)Spinel  (*)Staurolite  (*)Sulphur  (*)
Talc  (*)Tellurium  (*)Tellurobismuthite  (*)Thorite  (*)Titanite  (*)
Tremolite  (*)Trüstedtite  (*)Ulvöspinel  (*)Uraninite  (*)Vaesite  (*)
Wilkmanite  (*)Wollastonite  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)221001800249907,499243419
Aegirine-augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Na)(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O621001800149909286
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)210018001549907,49908,49909,49910,49911,49913,49914,49915,49924,49925,49926,49928,49929,49930,499318803
Allanite-(Ce)  (*)Allanite EpidoteCaCe(Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)21001800149909706
Almandine  (*)GarnetFe2+3Al2(SiO4)321001800249915,499242353
Altaite  (*)RocksaltPbTe21001800549907,49911,49913,49914,49930489
Analcime  (*)AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6)·H2O210018001499091627
Anatase  (*)Not in a structural groupTiO2210018001499132162
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)221001800249914,499303092
Bijvoetite-(Y)  (*)NoneY8(UO2)16O8(CO3)16(OH)8·39H2O210018001499083
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi210018001499151966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S3210018001499151935
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS421001800249924,499305516
Brannerite  (*)BranneriteUTi2O621001800149913248
Calaverite  (*)MeloniteAuTe221001800449907,49911,49914,49930361
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)21001800849913,49915,49916,49919,49921,49924,49925,4992627770
Cancrinite  (*)Cancrinite(Na,Ca,   )8(Al6Si6)O24(CO3,SO4)2·2H2O21001800149909232
Cattierite  (*)PyriteCoS22100180014991330
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2210018001349907,49908,49909,49911,49912,49913,49914,49915,49924,49926,49928,49929,4993027198
Chloritoid  (*)ChloritoidFe2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)221001800549907,49914,49924,49929,49930376
Chromite  (*)SpinelFe2+Cr2O421001800449916,49917,49918,499223902
Clausthalite  (*)RocksaltPbSe21001800349911,49913,49930281
Cobaltite  (*)CobaltiteCoAsS21001800649907,49911,49912,49914,49915,49924966
Cobaltpentlandite  (*)PentlanditeCo9S821001800849907,49908,49911,49914,49915,49924,49929,4993082
Columbite-(Fe)  (*)ColumbiteFe2+Nb2O621001800149931518
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS21001800349913,49924,499304165
Diamond  (*)DiamondC21001800249916,49918697
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)221001800649911,49914,49915,49924,49929,499309895
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)21001800549909,49914,49915,49924,499308173
Euxenite-(Y)  (*)ColumbiteY(NbTi)O621001800149931414
Ferberite  (*)ColumbiteFe2+(WO4)21001800249907,49915551
Ferroselite  (*)MarcasiteFeSe22100180014991351
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F210018001499092740
Frohbergite  (*)MarcasiteFeTe221001800249907,4991140
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS21001800549907,49911,49913,49914,4993024243
Gold  (*)CopperAu210018001249907,49908,49911,49912,49913,49914,49915,49924,49926,49928,49929,4993030554
Hedleyite  (*)TetradymiteBi7Te321001800149915104
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O321001800549907,49913,49914,49927,4993014640
Hibbingite  (*)AtacamiteFe2+2(OH)3Cl21001800013
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O321001800949909,49911,49913,49915,49916,49919,49921,49924,499305433
Iron  (*)IronFe210018001499241089
Jaipurite  (*)NickelineCoS210018001499156
Kasolite  (*)NonePb(UO2)(SiO4)·H2O21001800149913198
Kawazulite  (*)TetradymiteBi2Te2Se2100190014991132
Kinoshitalite  (*)Mica ClayBaMg3(Si2Al2O10)(OH)221001800349916,49919,4992120
Kitkaite  (*)MeloniteNiTeSe210018001499131
Kullerudite  (*)MarcasiteNiSe2210018001499133
Kyanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2OSiO4210018001499151507
Linnaeite  (*)SpinelCo2+Co3+2S421001800349911,49913,49915249
Mackinawite  (*)None(Fe,Ni)1+xS (x = 0-0.07)21001800149915451
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O4210018001249907,49909,49911,49912,49914,49915,49916,49917,49922,49924,49929,4993014899
Mäkinenite  (*)MilleriteNiSe210018001499132
Maldonite  (*)NoneAu2Bi2100180014991588
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS221001800249913,499305674
Mattagamite  (*)MarcasiteCoTe2210019001499117
Melonite  (*)MeloniteNiTe221001800449907,49911,49913,49930207
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)210018001499154924
Millerite  (*)MilleriteNiS210018001499131066
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS221001800749907,49911,49913,49914,49915,49924,499305800
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)MonaziteCe(PO4)21001800149931945
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2210018001249907,49908,49910,49911,49912,49914,49915,49924,49925,49926,49928,4993017380
Natrolite  (*)NatroliteNa2(Si3Al2)O10·2H2O210018001499091236
Nepheline  (*)TridymiteNa3K(Al4Si4O16)21001800149909884
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)210018001499092349
Paragonite  (*)Mica ClayNaAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)221001800149914247
Paraguanajuatite  (*)TetradymiteBi2Se3210018001499139
Pectolite  (*)PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)21001800149909363
Penroseite  (*)Pyrite(Ni,Co,Cu)Se22100180014991314
Pentlandite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S8210018001499241512
Perovskite  (*)PerovskiteCaTiO321001800349916,49919,49921495
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)221001800649909,49916,49917,49919,49921,499222273
Polydymite  (*)SpinelNi2+Ni3+2S421001800149913131
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2210018001549907,49908,49909,49910,49911,49912,49913,49914,49915,49924,49925,49926,49928,49929,4993039462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO2210018001499273106
Pyrope  (*)GarnetMg3Al2(SiO4)321001800149918341
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S8210018001449907,49908,49909,49910,49911,49912,49914,49915,49924,49925,49926,49928,49929,499309056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO2210018001349907,49910,49911,49914,49915,49924,49925,49926,49927,49928,49929,49930,4993161156
Rammelsbergite  (*)LöllingiteNiAs221001800149913233
Richetite  (*)None(Fe3+,Mg)xPb2+8.6(UO2)36O36(OH)24·41H2O210018001499087
Rucklidgeite  (*)TetradymitePbBi2Te42100190014991164
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO221001800949907,49911,49913,49914,49915,49924,49925,49929,499305614
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)21001800549907,49911,49914,49915,499244894
Schorlomite  (*)GarnetCa3Ti2(SiFe3+2)O122100180014990954
Sederholmite  (*)NickelineNiSe210018001499131
Selenium  (*)SulphurSe21001800149913143
Siegenite  (*)SpinelCoNi2S421001800149913249
Sodalite  (*)Cancrinite-sodalite SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl21001800149909444
Spinel  (*)SpinelMgAl2O421001800649916,49917,49919,49921,49922,499231934
Staurolite  (*)StauroliteFe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)21001800249915,49924978
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS210018001499072045
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)221001800549907,49914,49924,49929,499303337
Tellurium  (*)NoneTe21001800149907190
Tellurobismuthite  (*)TetradymiteBi2Te321001800349911,49914,49930276
Thorite  (*)ZirconTh(SiO4)210018001499311006
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O21001800249909,499154899
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)221001800449907,49914,49924,499302562
Trüstedtite  (*)SpinelNi2+Ni3+2Se4210018001499134
Ulvöspinel  (*)SpinelFe2+2TiO421001800349916,49917,49922120
Uraninite  (*)FluoriteUO221001800749907,49911,49914,49924,49926,49929,499302718
Vaesite  (*)PyriteNiS221001800149913106
Wilkmanite  (*)WilkmaniteNi3Se4210018001499131
Wollastonite  (*)WollastoniteCaSiO3210018001499091247
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)21001800349909,49915,499315251


2 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Emily00053919001800  mineralization     sulfides10223Kuusamo, North Ostrobothnia, FinlandKuusamo districtPankka et al. (1992)10.1016/0301-9268(92)90126-9PR58_387 
Kristen00203321001900         9701Juomasuo, Kuusamo, North Ostrobothnia, FinlandJuomasuoGaál and Sundblad (1990)10.1007/BF00205257MD25_S104 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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