Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Botallack Mine, Botallack, St Just, Cornwall, England, UK

Oldest recorded age at locality: 270
Youngest recorded age at locality: 100

mindat Locality ID: 1269
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-1269.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Botallack Mine, Botallack, St Just, Cornwall, England, UK": 7
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 7

Number of Child Localities: 7
Child Localities:
Carnyorth Mine (Nineveh Mine)
Grylls Bunny
Parknoweth Mine (Wheal Buzza; Truthwall Mine)
Wheal Cock
Wheal Hazard
Wheal Hen
Wheal Tolvan (Wheal Tolvaen)

Latitude: 50°8'32"N
Longitude: 5°41'16"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 50.142222222222,-5.6877777777778
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As B Bi C Ca Cl Co Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn N Na O P Pb S Sb Se Si Sn Sr Ti U W Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Ag Al As B C Ca Cl Co Cu Fe H K Mg N Na O P Pb S Sb Si U Zn 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAluniteAmorphousAmphiboleAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteArsenicArsenopyriteAtacamite
AxiniteBrochantiteCalciteChalcanthiteChalcophylliteChalcopyriteClayClinozoisiteCobaltiteConnellite
CopperCorundumCyanotrichiteDevillineDiasporeDigeniteEpidoteEpsomiteFeldsparFluorite
GypsumHeulanditeHydrotalciteKaoliniteMalachiteNatroliteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupPerovskite
PharmacosideritePyritePyroxeneQuartzRocksaltRoseliteRutileScheeliteSkutteruditeSphalerite
SpinelStanniteStibniteTalcTetrahedriteTitaniteTourmalineVivianiteWoodwardite

94 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Allophane  (*)Antimony  (*)Antlerite  (*)Aragonite  (*)
Arsenic  (*)Arsenogoyazite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Atacamite  (*)Augite  (*)
Axinite-(Fe)  (*)Azurite  (*)Bismite  (*)Bismuth  (*)Bismuthinite  (*)
Bornite  (*)Botallackite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Brushite  (*)Buttgenbachite  (*)
Calcite  (*)Cassiterite  (*)Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcomenite  (*)
Chalcophyllite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chlorargyrite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Clinoclase  (*)
Clinoptilolite-Ca  (*)Cobaltite  (*)Connellite  (*)Copper  (*)Cornubite  (*)
Cornwallite  (*)Cuprite  (*)Cuprosklodowskite  (*)Cyanotrichite  (*)Devilline  (*)
Digenite  (*)Dolomite  (*)Dravite  (*)Epidote  (*)Erythrite  (*)
Feruvite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)Fluorite  (*)Galena  (*)Goethite  (*)
Goslarite  (*)Hastingsite  (*)Hematite  (*)Heulandite-Ca  (*)Heulandite-K  (*)
Jarosite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)Kasolite  (*)Kröhnkite  (*)Langite  (*)
Libethenite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Manganite  (*)Mesolite  (*)
Natrolite  (*)Opal  (*)Orthoclase  (*)Paratacamite  (*)Pargasite  (*)
Pharmacosiderite  (*)Pitticite  (*)Pseudomalachite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)
Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Rhodochrosite  (*)Scheelite  (*)Schorl  (*)
Siderite  (*)Silver  (*)Skutterudite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Stannite  (*)
Stibnite  (*)Talc  (*)Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)Tenorite  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)
Titanite  (*)Uraninite  (*)Vivianite  (*)Woodwardite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)227010003419
Allophane  (*)AllophaneAl2O3(SiO2)1.3-2.0·2.5-3.0H2O2701001118784470
Antimony  (*)ArsenicSb2701000363
Antlerite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2+3(SO4)(OH)42701001118784246
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)27010011187843250
Arsenic  (*)ArsenicAs2701001118783379
Arsenogoyazite  (*)AluniteSrAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6270100111878321
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS27010009052
Atacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)32701002118780,118783544
Augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Si2O627010011187832060
Axinite-(Fe)  (*)AxiniteCa4Fe2+2Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)22701000260
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)227010011187835509
Bismite  (*)NoneBi2O32701001118783214
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi27010011187831966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S327010011187831935
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS427010011187835516
Botallackite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)32701003118780,118783,11878449
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)62701002118783,1187841633
Brushite  (*)GypsumCa(PO3OH)·2H2O2701001118783104
Buttgenbachite  (*)ConnelliteCu36(NO3)2Cl8(OH)62·nH2O270100013
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)270100111878327770
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO22701005118780,118781,118782,118783,1187845171
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O2701000925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S2701003118783,118784,1187855707
Chalcomenite  (*)NoneCu(Se4+O3)·2H2O270100111878540
Chalcophyllite  (*)ChalcophylliteCu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24·36H2O2701001118784194
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS22701004118783,118784,118785,11878627198
Chlorargyrite  (*)RocksaltAgCl27010001382
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O27010011187843531
Clinoclase  (*)NoneCu3(AsO4)(OH)32701001118784127
Clinoptilolite-Ca  (*)HeulanditeCa3(Si30Al6)O72·20H2O270100111878433
Cobaltite  (*)CobaltiteCoAsS2701001118783966
Connellite  (*)ConnelliteCu36(SO4)(OH)62Cl8·6H2O2701003118783,118784,118785295
Copper  (*)CopperCu2701003118783,118785,1187863846
Cornubite  (*)NoneCu5(AsO4)2(OH)42701001118783109
Cornwallite  (*)NoneCu5(AsO4)2(OH)42701001118783175
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O2701002118784,1187852970
Cuprosklodowskite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·6H2O270100058
Cyanotrichite  (*)CyanotrichiteCu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12(H2O)22701001118784179
Devilline  (*)DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O2701001118784366
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S27010011187851027
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)227010009895
Dravite  (*)TourmalineNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)2701001118781648
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)27010011187838173
Erythrite  (*)VivianiteCo3(AsO4)2·8H2O2701000814
Feruvite  (*)TourmalineCaFe2+3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)270100111878115
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F27010011187832740
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF227010011187839617
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS270100024243
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)2701005118782,118783,118784,118785,1187867437
Goslarite  (*)EpsomiteZn(SO4)·7H2O2701000188
Hastingsite  (*)AmphiboleNaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)22701001118783209
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O32701005118780,118782,118783,118785,11878614640
Heulandite-Ca  (*)Heulandite(Ca,Na,K)5(Si27Al9)O72·26H2O2701001118784246
Heulandite-K  (*)Heulandite(K,Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72·26H2O270100111878432
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)62701002118783,1187842228
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)427010011187825591
Kasolite  (*)NonePb(UO2)(SiO4)·H2O2701000198
Kröhnkite  (*)RoseliteNa2Cu(SO4)2·2H2O270100111878427
Langite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·2H2O2701001118784593
Libethenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(PO4)(OH)2701001118783234
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O4270100111878314899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)22701003118783,118784,11878512537
Manganite  (*)RutileMn3+O(OH)2701001118783770
Mesolite  (*)NatroliteNa2Ca2(Si9Al6)O30·8H2O2701000425
Natrolite  (*)NatroliteNa2(Si3Al2)O10·2H2O27010001236
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O27010011187812994
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)27010002349
Paratacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)Cl2(OH)62701002118783,118784158
Pargasite  (*)AmphiboleNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)22701001118783313
Pharmacosiderite  (*)PharmacosideriteKFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·6-7H2O2701000428
Pitticite  (*)None[Fe,AsO4,SO4,H2O] (?)2701000140
Pseudomalachite  (*)NoneCu5(PO4)2(OH)42701000369
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS22701004118783,118784,118785,11878639462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO227010011187843106
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S827010009056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO22701006118781,118782,118783,118784,118785,11878661156
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)2701002118783,1187851711
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)27010011187814894
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)2701004118781,118782,118783,1187852705
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)2701003118783,118785,1187866417
Silver  (*)CopperAg27010011187835186
Skutterudite  (*)Skutterudite PerovskiteCoAs32701000531
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS270100111878521482
Stannite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2FeSnS42701001118784668
Stibnite  (*)StibniteSb2S327010011187833418
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)22701002118780,1187833337
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S1327010001803
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO27010001101
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S1327010005317
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O27010011187814899
Uraninite  (*)FluoriteUO227010002718
Vivianite  (*)VivianiteFe2+3(PO4)2·8H2O2701001118782636
Woodwardite  (*)Woodwardite Hydrotalcite(Cu1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2)2701002118783,11878457


1 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Lucy_081270100270-10040Ar - 39ArLodes post-dating elvan intrusion and primary mineralization.   Yes  1265St Just, Cornwall, England, UKSt JustHawkes et al. (1978 US4_51Possibility of hydrothermal degassing of lode material around 210 Ma and 215 Ma which overprints a primary formation age of roughly 270 Ma. New mineral growth may have occurred close to 165 Ma with further hydrothermal activity at about 100 Ma. Adularia from veins in the Lizard Complex also provides indication

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

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