Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass), Albula Valley, Grisons, Switzerland

Oldest recorded age at locality: 201
Youngest recorded age at locality: 0

mindat Locality ID: 133784
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-133784.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass), Albula Valley, Grisons, Switzerland": 20
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 13

Number of Child Localities: 7
Child Localities:
Bivio
Conters
Marmorera Lake
Mulegns
Savriez Valley
Stierva Tiragn Slag Locality
Tinizong (Tinzen)

Latitude: 46°33'31"N
Longitude: 9°38'24"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 46.558611111111,9.64
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As B Ba Be C Ca Ce Co Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Na Ni O Pb S Sb Si Sr Ti Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AdeliteAllophaneAlluauditeAluniteAmorphousAmphiboleAnalcimeAragoniteArdenniteArseniosiderite
ArsenopyriteArthuriteAxiniteBaryteBrauniteCalciteChalcopyriteChloriteClayCoronadite
CorundumCovelliteCubaniteDiasporeEpidoteFairfielditeFeldsparGadoliniteGarnetHumboldtine
IlvaiteLindackeriteMalachiteMarcasiteMicaNatrochalciteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupOxalate
PentlanditePumpellyitePyritePyroxeneQuartzRhodoniteRocksaltRoseliteRutileSerpentine
SphaleriteSpinelStilpnomelaneTitaniteValleriiteWagneriteWicksiteWurtzite

80 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Albite  (*)Allophane  (*)Analcime  (*)Anatase  (*)
Andradite  (*)Antigorite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Ardennite-(As)  (*)Arseniopleite  (*)
Arseniosiderite  (*)Arsenoflorencite-(Ce)  (*)Arsenogoyazite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Bergslagite  (*)Berzeliite  (*)Birnessite  (*)Bornite  (*)Brandtite  (*)
Braunite  (*)Cabalzarite  (*)Calcite  (*)Caryopilite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)
Chrysotile  (*)Clinochlore  (*)Conichalcite  (*)Coralloite  (*)Covellite  (*)
Cryptomelane  (*)Cubanite  (*)Diopside  (*)Falottaite  (*)Galena  (*)
Geigerite  (*)Goethite  (*)Graphite  (*)Greenalite  (*)Grischunite  (*)
Hematite  (*)Hollandite  (*)Ilvaite  (*)Kemmlitzite  (*)Kutnohorite  (*)
Lindbergite  (*)Linnaeite  (*)Lizardite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)
Manganberzeliite  (*)Manganite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Opal  (*)
Parsettensite  (*)Pentlandite  (*)Piemontite  (*)Pumpellyite-(Al)  (*)Pyrite  (*)
Pyrolusite  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Ranciéite  (*)Rhodochrosite  (*)
Rhodonite  (*)Sarkinite  (*)Spessartine  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Sursassite  (*)
Takanelite  (*)Talmessite  (*)Tilasite  (*)Tinzenite  (*)Todorokite  (*)
Tripuhyite  (*)Valleriite  (*)Vaniniite  (*)Violarite  (*)Wallkilldellite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)211136983419
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)20104113701,113706,113707,1137088803
Allophane  (*)AllophaneAl2O3(SiO2)1.3-2.0·2.5-3.0H2O1113709470
Analcime  (*)AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6)·H2O11137081627
Anatase  (*)Not in a structural groupTiO220102113707,1137082162
Andradite  (*)GarnetCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)311136981534
Antigorite  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)41113698708
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)20102113707,1137083250
Ardennite-(As)  (*)ArdenniteMn2+4Al4(AlMg)(AsO4)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(OH)6652.62113707,11370834
Arseniopleite  (*)AlluauditeNaCaMnMn2(AsO4)3652.62113707,1137087
Arseniosiderite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3O2(AsO4)3·3H2O652.61113707194
Arsenoflorencite-(Ce)  (*)AluniteCeAl3(AsO4)2(OH)6111370810
Arsenogoyazite  (*)AluniteSrAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6652.6111370721
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS11136949052
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)111370811547
Bergslagite  (*)GadoliniteCaBe(AsO4)(OH)652.611137079
Berzeliite  (*)Garnet(NaCa2)Mg2(AsO4)3652.611137076
Birnessite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K)0.6(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4·1.5H2O20102113707,113708178
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS411136985516
Brandtite  (*)RoseliteCa2Mn2+(AsO4)2·2H2O652.6111370718
Braunite  (*)BrauniteMn2+Mn3+6O8(SiO4)20104113701,113706,113707,113708483
Cabalzarite  (*)NatrochalciteCaMg2(AsO4)2·2H2O652.611137074
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)20105113694,113706,113707,113708,11370927770
Caryopilite  (*)Clay SerpentineMn2+3Si2O5(OH)42010111370783
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS24113694,113698,113699,11370927198
Chrysotile  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)41113698951
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)820102113707,1137091756
Conichalcite  (*)AdeliteCaCu(AsO4)(OH)652.61113707363
Coralloite  (*)ArthuriteMn2+Mn3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2·4H2O652.611137074
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS2113694,1136984165
Cryptomelane  (*)CoronaditeK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O161113708599
Cubanite  (*)Cubanite WurtziteCuFe2S31113698802
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O611136984135
Falottaite  (*)Not in a structural group OxalateMnC2O4·3H2O0011137072
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS111369424243
Geigerite  (*)LindackeriteMn2+5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·10H2O652.611137077
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)11136987437
Graphite  (*)NoneC11136942812
Greenalite  (*)Clay Serpentine(Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)42113698,11369961
Grischunite  (*)WicksiteNaCa2Mn2+5Fe3+(AsO4)6·2H2O652.611137071
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O320102113707,11370814640
Hollandite  (*)CoronaditeBa(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O1620101113707243
Ilvaite  (*)IlvaiteCaFe3+Fe2+2O(Si2O7)(OH)2113698,113699197
Kemmlitzite  (*)AluniteSrAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6652.611137077
Kutnohorite  (*)NoneCaMn2+(CO3)220101113707234
Lindbergite  (*)Humboldtine OxalateMn(C2O4)·2H2O003113705,113707,11370812
Linnaeite  (*)SpinelCo2+Co3+2S41113698249
Lizardite  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)42113693,113698359
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O42113694,11369814899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)22113698,11370812537
Manganberzeliite  (*)Garnet(NaCa2)Mn2+2(AsO4)3652.62113707,11370824
Manganite  (*)RutileMn3+O(OH)1113708770
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS211136985674
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)220103113694,113707,11370917380
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O11137082994
Parsettensite  (*)Stilpnomelane Clay(K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50·nH2O20104113701,113706,113707,11370843
Pentlandite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S811136981512
Piemontite  (*)EpidoteCa2(Al2Mn3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)20103113706,113707,113708260
Pumpellyite-(Al)  (*)PumpellyiteCa2Al3(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2·H2O111370319
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS23113694,113698,11370939462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO211137093106
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S82113698,1136999056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO220106113694,113696,113701,113706,113707,11370861156
Ranciéite  (*)None(Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2·0.6H2O1113708177
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)20103113696,113707,1137081711
Rhodonite  (*)RhodoniteCaMn3Mn(Si5O15)20104113701,113706,113707,113708969
Sarkinite  (*)WagneriteMn2+2(AsO4)(OH)652.6111370730
Spessartine  (*)GarnetMn2+3Al2(SiO4)3201011137071214
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS2113694,11369821482
Sursassite  (*)ArdenniteMn2+2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)320104113701,113706,113707,11370824
Takanelite  (*)None(Mn2+,Ca)2x(Mn4+)1-xO2·0.7H2O111370818
Talmessite  (*)FairfielditeCa2Mg(AsO4)2·2H2O652.6111370746
Tilasite  (*)TitaniteCaMg(AsO4)F652.62113707,11370834
Tinzenite  (*)AxiniteCa2Mn2+4Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)220103113706,113707,11370824
Todorokite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12·3-4H2O20102113707,113708433
Tripuhyite  (*)RutileFe3+Sb5+O42010111370766
Valleriite  (*)Valleriite2[(Fe,Cu)S]·1.53[(Mg,Al)(OH)2]1113698237
Vaniniite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa2Mn2+3Mn3+2O2(AsO4)4·2H2O652.611137071
Violarite  (*)SpinelFeNi2S41113698380
Wallkilldellite  (*)NoneCa2Mn2+3(AsO4)2(OH)4·9H2O652.6111370720


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Michelle_820A small Mn-deposit was excavated at the Falotta mine during World War II. Falotta belongs to the numerous Mn-occurrences embedded in the radiolarites, which overlay the MORB-basalts of the Platta Nappe in the Swiss Alps
Michelle_821A small Mn-deposit was excavated at the Falotta mine during World War II. Falotta belongs to the numerous Mn-occurrences embedded in the radiolarites, which overlay the MORB-basalts of the Platta Nappe in the Swiss Alps
Michelle_822A small Mn-deposit was excavated at the Falotta mine during World War II. Falotta belongs to the numerous Mn-occurrences embedded in the radiolarites, which overlay the MORB-basalts of the Platta Nappe in the Swiss Alps


3 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Michelle_820201145Jurassic Age of oceanic ridge volcanism      3211Falotta, Tinizong (Tinzen), Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass), Albula Valley, Grisons, SwitzerlandFalotta DepositBrugger et al. (2000)10.2138/am-2000-8-925AM85_1307A syn-sedimentary exhalative origin in connection with the Jurassic oceanic ridge volcanism is proposed for these deposits.
Michelle_821652.6Tertiary Age of recrystallization    CabalzariteAs3211Falotta, Tinizong (Tinzen), Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass), Albula Valley, Grisons, SwitzerlandFalotta DepositBrugger et al. (2000)10.2138/am-2000-8-925AM85_1307The sedimentary ores recrystallized during the regional Alpine metamorphism under lowest greenschist facies conditions (≤325 °C, 3–5 kb). Together with other arsenates, cabalzarite documents the mobility of As during the retrograde stage of the Tertiary Alpine metamorphism under lowest to sub-greenschist facies conditions.
Michelle_82200Recent Age of oxalate mineralizationhigh    Lindbergite, Falottaite 3211Falotta, Tinizong (Tinzen), Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass), Albula Valley, Grisons, SwitzerlandFalotta DepositGraeser and Gabriel (2016) SS3_20A natural occurrence of Mn oxalate trihydrate has been recorded from Falotta, Oberhalbstein, Grisons, Switzerland. The mineral occurs on small quartz crystals, associated with braunite and other Mn minerals. Presumably, the mineral formed by a reaction of humic acids with the primary Mn ore. Falottaite easily dehydrates to form Lindbergite.

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R050251Tinizong (Tinzen), Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass), Albula Valley, Grisons, Switzerlandhttps://rruff.info/R050251
FKM-185Falotta, Tinizong (Tinzen), Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass), Albula Valley, Grisons, Switzerlandhttps://www.rockptx.com/fkm-176-to-fkm-200/#FKM-185
R060658Falotta, Tinizong (Tinzen), Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass), Albula Valley, Grisons, Switzerlandhttps://rruff.info/R060658
R130677Falotta, Tinizong (Tinzen), Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass), Albula Valley, Grisons, Switzerlandhttps://rruff.info/R130677
R070663Falotta, Tinizong (Tinzen), Oberhalbstein (Surses; Sursass), Albula Valley, Grisons, Switzerlandhttps://rruff.info/R070663

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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