Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Middleback Range, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia

Oldest recorded age at locality: 1795
Youngest recorded age at locality: 1787

mindat Locality ID: 22576
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-22576.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Middleback Range, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia": 21
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 17

Number of Child Localities: 5
Child Localities:
Iron Baron
Iron Duke Complex
Iron Knob
Sinclair Gap Lake
Stony Hill Prospect

Latitude: 33°'56"S
Longitude: 137°5'24"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -33.015555555556,137.09
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As B Ba Bi C Ca Cd Ce Cl Cr Cu F Fe H I K Mg Mn Na O P Pb S Se Si Sr Ti U V Y Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AcanthiteAdeliteAllactiteAllophaneAluniteAmorphousAmphiboleAndalusiteApatiteAragonite
ArsenicArseniosideriteArsenoclasiteArthuriteAtacamiteAutuniteBaryteBismutiteBrackebuschiteBraunite
BrochantiteCalcioferriteCalciteChalcanthiteChalcopyriteChildreniteChloriteClayClinozoisiteConnellite
CopperCoronaditeCorundumCovelliteDescloiziteDiasporeDigeniteDufréniteEpidoteFairfieldite
FeldsparGypsumHarmotomeHureauliteHydrotalciteJahnsiteKaoliniteLaueiteLepidocrociteLinarite
MalachiteMatlockiteMicaNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupOxalatePhosphosideritePyritePyrosmalite
QuartzRamsdelliteRocksaltRutileSepioliteSerpentineSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinelStibnite
TalcTitaniteTurquoiseWagneriteWarditeWavelliteWeberiteWoodwarditeWurtziteZircon

169 IMA Minerals at location:
Acanthite  (*)Actinolite  (*)Albite  (*)Allactite  (*)Alunite  (*)
Anatase  (*)Anglesite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Arsenoclasite  (*)Arsenoflorencite-(Ce)  (*)
Atacamite  (*)Aurichalcite  (*)Autunite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)
Bermanite  (*)Beyerite  (*)Bismoclite  (*)Bismuth  (*)Bismuthinite  (*)
Bismutite  (*)Bohdanowiczite  (*)Bornite  (*)Bracewellite  (*)Braunite  (*)
Brochantite  (*)Calcite  (*)Calderónite  (*)Celestine  (*)Cerussite  (*)
Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcophanite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chalcosiderite  (*)
Chlorargyrite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Churchite-(Y)  (*)Clausthalite  (*)Clinoatacamite  (*)
Clinobisvanite  (*)Clinochlore  (*)Collinsite  (*)Conichalcite  (*)Connellite  (*)
Copper  (*)Covellite  (*)Crandallite  (*)Cryptomelane  (*)Cummingtonite  (*)
Cuprite  (*)Cyrilovite  (*)Descloizite  (*)Diaspore  (*)Dickite  (*)
Digenite  (*)Djurleite  (*)Dolomite  (*)Dufrénite  (*)Eosphorite  (*)
Epidote  (*)Eucairite  (*)Fairfieldite  (*)Faustite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)
Fraipontite  (*)Francisite  (*)Franklinite  (*)Galena  (*)Gatehouseite  (*)
Gibbsite  (*)Goethite  (*)Gorceixite  (*)Graphite  (*)Greenockite  (*)
Groutite  (*)Grunerite  (*)Guanajuatite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Halite  (*)
Hausmannite  (*)Hematite  (*)Hemimorphite  (*)Hetaerolite  (*)Hidalgoite  (*)
Hureaulite  (*)Hydrozincite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Iodargyrite  (*)Jacobsite  (*)
Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)  (*)Jarosite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)Kidwellite  (*)Kintoreite  (*)
Kleemanite  (*)Kyanite  (*)Lepidocrocite  (*)Libethenite  (*)Linarite  (*)
Magnesite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Manganite  (*)Metaswitzerite  (*)
Microcline  (*)Middlebackite  (*)Millisite  (*)Mimetite  (*)Mitridatite  (*)
Montgomeryite  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)Mottramite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Nacrite  (*)
Namibite  (*)Natrojarosite  (*)Naumannite  (*)Nissonite  (*)Nontronite  (*)
Opal  (*)Paratacamite  (*)Paravauxite  (*)Pennantite  (*)Phillipsite-K  (*)
Phosphosiderite  (*)Piemontite  (*)Plumbojarosite  (*)Pseudomalachite  (*)Pyrite  (*)
Pyrobelonite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)Pyrosmalite-(Mn)  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)
Quartz  (*)Ramsdellite  (*)Rhodochrosite  (*)Robertsite  (*)Romanèchite  (*)
Rosasite  (*)Rutile  (*)Sassolite  (*)Seamanite  (*)Sepiolite  (*)
Shigaite  (*)Siderite  (*)Silver  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)
Strengite  (*)Stromeyerite  (*)Sussexite  (*)Talc  (*)Titanite  (*)
Triploidite  (*)Turquoise  (*)Umangite  (*)Vanadinite  (*)Variscite  (*)
Vauquelinite  (*)Wardite  (*)Waterhouseite  (*)Wavellite  (*)Weberite  (*)
Whiteite-(MnMnMg)  (*)Wittichenite  (*)Woodhouseite  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite  (*)AcanthiteAg2S179517871118402793
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2179517871118403419
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)179517871118408803
Allactite  (*)AllactiteMn2+7(AsO4)2(OH)81795178711184011
Alunite  (*)NoneKAl3(SO4)2(OH)617951787111840966
Anatase  (*)Not in a structural groupTiO2179517871118402162
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)179517871118402734
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)17951787211840,118413250
Arsenoclasite  (*)ArsenoclasiteMn2+5(AsO4)2(OH)4179517871118404
Arsenoflorencite-(Ce)  (*)AluniteCeAl3(AsO4)2(OH)611183610
Atacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)317951787111840544
Aurichalcite  (*)None(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)617951787111840919
Autunite  (*)AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O179517871118401272
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2179517871118405509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)17951787411831,11836,11837,1184011547
Bermanite  (*)ArthuriteMn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O1795178711184055
Beyerite  (*)BismutiteCaBi2O2(CO3)21795178711184096
Bismoclite  (*)MatlockiteBiOCl1795178711184071
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi179517871118401966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S3179517871118401935
Bismutite  (*)BismutiteBi2O2(CO3)17951787111840716
Bohdanowiczite  (*)NoneAgBiSe21795178711184041
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS417951787211831,118405516
Bracewellite  (*)DiasporeCrO(OH)179517871118402
Braunite  (*)BrauniteMn2+Mn3+6O8(SiO4)17951787111840483
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6179517871118401633
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)17951787511831,11832,11839,11840,1184127770
Calderónite  (*)BrackebuschitePb2Fe3+(VO4)2(OH)1795178711184029
Celestine  (*)BaryteSr(SO4)179517871118401252
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)179517871118404979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O17951787211831,11840925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S17951787211831,118405707
Chalcophanite  (*)NoneZnMn4+3O7·3H2O17951787111840197
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS217951787411830,11831,11832,1184027198
Chalcosiderite  (*)TurquoiseCuFe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O1795178711184077
Chlorargyrite  (*)RocksaltAgCl179517871118401382
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O179517871118403531
Churchite-(Y)  (*)GypsumY(PO4)·2H2O1795178711184070
Clausthalite  (*)RocksaltPbSe17951787111840281
Clinoatacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)31795178711184043
Clinobisvanite  (*)NoneBi(VO4)1795178711184036
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8179517871118401756
Collinsite  (*)FairfielditeCa2Mg(PO4)2·2H2O1795178711184038
Conichalcite  (*)AdeliteCaCu(AsO4)(OH)17951787111840363
Connellite  (*)ConnelliteCu36(SO4)(OH)62Cl8·6H2O17951787111840295
Copper  (*)CopperCu179517871118403846
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS179517871118404165
Crandallite  (*)AluniteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)617951787211830,11840310
Cryptomelane  (*)CoronaditeK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O1617951787111840599
Cummingtonite  (*)Amphibole   Mg2Mg5Si8O22(OH)217951787211840,11843327
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O179517871118402970
Cyrilovite  (*)WarditeNaFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)4·2H2O17951787311830,11832,1184060
Descloizite  (*)DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)17951787111840378
Diaspore  (*)DiasporeAlO(OH)17951787111840481
Dickite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)417951787111840651
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S179517871118401027
Djurleite  (*)NoneCu31S1617951787111840300
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)217951787611824,11826,11830,11831,11832,118409895
Dufrénite  (*)DufréniteCa0.5Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O17951787411830,11831,11832,11840139
Eosphorite  (*)ChildreniteMn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2·H2O17951787111840128
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)17951787211836,118408173
Eucairite  (*)NoneCuAgSe1795178711184054
Fairfieldite  (*)FairfielditeCa2Mn2+(PO4)2·2H2O1795178711184072
Faustite  (*)TurquoiseZnAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O1795178711184024
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F17951787311830,11832,118402740
Fraipontite  (*)Clay Serpentine(Zn,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)41795178711184049
Francisite  (*)NoneCu3Bi(Se4+O3)2O2Cl179517871118402
Franklinite  (*)SpinelZnFe3+2O41795178711184052
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS17951787211839,1184024243
Gatehouseite  (*)ArsenoclasiteMn2+5(PO4)2(OH)4179517871118402
Gibbsite  (*)NoneAl(OH)317951787111840504
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)17951787611826,11830,11831,11832,11837,118407437
Gorceixite  (*)AluniteBaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)617951787111840121
Graphite  (*)NoneC179517871118402812
Greenockite  (*)WurtziteCdS17951787111840717
Groutite  (*)DiasporeMn3+O(OH)1795178711184072
Grunerite  (*)Amphibole   Fe2+2Fe2+5Si8O22(OH)217951787111840223
Guanajuatite  (*)StibniteBi2Se31795178711184037
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O17951787411838,11839,11840,118426890
Halite  (*)RocksaltNaCl179517871118401398
Hausmannite  (*)SpinelMn2+Mn3+2O417951787111840350
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3179517871011824,11826,11830,11831,11832,11833,11839,11840,11841,1184314640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O179517871118401689
Hetaerolite  (*)SpinelZnMn3+2O41795178711184073
Hidalgoite  (*)AlunitePbAl3(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)61795178711184057
Hureaulite  (*)HureauliteMn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2·4H2O17951787111840125
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)6179517871118401066
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O31118365433
Iodargyrite  (*)WurtziteAgI17951787111840180
Jacobsite  (*)SpinelMn2+Fe3+2O417951787211824,11840172
Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)  (*)JahnsiteCaMn2+Mn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O1795178711184018
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)617951787411830,11831,11832,118402228
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)4179517871118405591
Kidwellite  (*)NoneNaFe3+9+x(PO4)6(OH)11·3H2O (x ≈ 0.33)1795178711184053
Kintoreite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)61795178711184041
Kleemanite  (*)NoneZnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2·3H2O179517871118403
Kyanite  (*)Not in a structural groupAl2OSiO41118361507
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)17951787111840581
Libethenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(PO4)(OH)17951787111840234
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)217951787111840987
Magnesite  (*)CalciteMg(CO3)17951787411830,11831,11832,118401487
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O417951787711824,11830,11831,11832,11833,11840,1184314899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)217951787411824,11830,11831,1184012537
Manganite  (*)RutileMn3+O(OH)17951787211824,11840770
Metaswitzerite  (*)NoneMn2+3(PO4)2·4H2O1795178711184022
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)179517871118404924
Middlebackite  (*)Not in a structural group OxalateCu2C2O4(OH)2179517871118402
Millisite  (*)WarditeNaCaAl6(PO4)4(OH)9·3H2O17951787211830,1184012
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl179517871118401107
Mitridatite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O17951787111840129
Montgomeryite  (*)CalcioferriteCa4MgAl4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O1795178711184044
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O179517871118401508
Mottramite  (*)DescloizitePbCu(VO4)(OH)17951787111840362
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)21795178711184017380
Nacrite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)417951787211832,11840112
Namibite  (*)NoneCu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH)1795178711184024
Natrojarosite  (*)AluniteNaFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)617951787111840254
Naumannite  (*)Not in a structural groupAg2Se17951787111840192
Nissonite  (*)NoneCu2Mg2(PO4)2(OH)2·5H2O179517871118404
Nontronite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculiteNa0.3Fe3+2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O17951787411830,11831,11832,11840471
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O179517871118402994
Paratacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)Cl2(OH)617951787111840158
Paravauxite  (*)LaueiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O1795178711184019
Pennantite  (*)Chlorite ClayMn2+5Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)81795178711184025
Phillipsite-K  (*)HarmotomeK6(Si10Al6)O32·12H2O1795178711184071
Phosphosiderite  (*)PhosphosideriteFe3+(PO4)·2H2O111832182
Piemontite  (*)EpidoteCa2(Al2Mn3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)17951787111840260
Plumbojarosite  (*)AlunitePb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)617951787111840477
Pseudomalachite  (*)NoneCu5(PO4)2(OH)417951787311830,11832,11840369
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS217951787311831,11832,1184039462
Pyrobelonite  (*)DescloizitePbMn2+VO4(OH)1795178711184021
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO217951787411830,11831,11832,118403106
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl179517871118401725
Pyrosmalite-(Mn)  (*)Pyrosmalite ClayMn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)101795178711184025
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S8179517871118409056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO217951787911824,11826,11828,11830,11831,11832,11837,11840,1184361156
Ramsdellite  (*)RamsdelliteMnO21795178711184088
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)179517871118401711
Robertsite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Mn3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O1795178711184036
Romanèchite  (*)None(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O1017951787111840312
Rosasite  (*)MalachiteCuZn(CO3)(OH)217951787111840454
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO217951787211836,118405614
Sassolite  (*)NoneB(OH)31795178711184031
Seamanite  (*)NoneMn2+3B(OH)4(PO4)(OH)2179517871118405
Sepiolite  (*)Sepiolite ClayMg4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O17951787111840241
Shigaite  (*)Woodwardite HydrotalciteMn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2·6H2O179517871118407
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)17951787411830,11831,11832,118406417
Silver  (*)CopperAg179517871118405186
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)179517871118402473
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS1795178711184021482
Strengite  (*)NoneFe3+(PO4)·2H2O17951787311830,11832,11840263
Stromeyerite  (*)NoneCuAgS17951787111840332
Sussexite  (*)NoneMn2+BO2(OH)1795178711184025
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)217951787411830,11831,11832,118403337
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O179517871118404899
Triploidite  (*)WagneriteMn2+2(PO4)(OH)1795178711184029
Turquoise  (*)TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O17951787211830,11840484
Umangite  (*)NoneCu3Se21795178711184071
Vanadinite  (*)ApatitePb5(VO4)3Cl17951787111840605
Variscite  (*)NoneAl(PO4)·2H2O17951787211830,11840301
Vauquelinite  (*)NoneCuPb2(CrO4)(PO4)(OH)1795178711184063
Wardite  (*)WarditeNaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4·2H2O17951787411830,11832,11839,1184058
Waterhouseite  (*)NoneMn7(PO4)2(OH)8179517871118401
Wavellite  (*)WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O17951787211830,11840374
Weberite  (*)WeberiteNa2MgAlF71795178711184013
Whiteite-(MnMnMg)  (*)JahnsiteMn2+Mn2+Mg2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O179517871118403
Wittichenite  (*)NoneCu3BiS317951787111840297
Woodhouseite  (*)AluniteCaAl3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)61795178711184062
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)1118365251


1 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Cr-00007179517871791U-Pb zircon   ZirconBracewellite, VauqueliniteCr158Iron Monarch Open Cut, Iron Knob, Middleback Range, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia Fanning et al. (1988)10.1016/0301-9268(88)90076-9PR40_363 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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