Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Iron Monarch Open Cut, Iron Knob, Middleback Range, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia

Oldest recorded age at locality: 1795
Youngest recorded age at locality: 1787

mindat Locality ID: 158
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-158.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Iron Monarch Open Cut, Iron Knob, Middleback Range, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia": 0
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 0

Latitude: 32°44'40"S
Longitude: 137°8'21"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -32.744444444444,137.13916666667
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As B Ba Bi C Ca Cd Cl Cr Cu F Fe H I K Mg Mn Na O P Pb S Se Si Sr Ti U V Y Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Ag Al As B Ba Bi C Ca Cd Cl Cr Cu F Fe H I K Mg Mn Na O P Pb S Se Si Sr Ti U V Y Zn 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AcanthiteAdeliteAllactiteAllophaneAluniteAmorphousAmphiboleAndalusiteApatiteAragonite
ArsenicArseniosideriteArsenoclasiteArthuriteAtacamiteAutuniteBaryteBismutiteBrackebuschiteBraunite
BrochantiteCalcioferriteCalciteChalcanthiteChalcopyriteChildreniteChloriteClayClinozoisiteConnellite
CopperCoronaditeCorundumCovelliteDescloiziteDiasporeDigeniteDufréniteEpidoteFairfieldite
FeldsparGypsumHarmotomeHureauliteHydrotalciteJahnsiteKaoliniteLaueiteLepidocrociteLinarite
MalachiteMatlockiteMicaNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupOxalatePyritePyrosmaliteQuartz
RamsdelliteRocksaltRutileSepioliteSerpentineSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinelStibniteTalc
TitaniteTurquoiseWagneriteWarditeWavelliteWeberiteWoodwarditeWurtzite

164 IMA Minerals at location:
Acanthite  (*)Actinolite  (*)Albite  (*)Allactite  (*)Alunite  (*)
Anatase  (*)Anglesite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Arsenoclasite  (*)Atacamite  (*)
Aurichalcite  (*)Autunite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)Bermanite  (*)
Beyerite  (*)Bismoclite  (*)Bismuth  (*)Bismuthinite  (*)Bismutite  (*)
Bohdanowiczite  (*)Bornite  (*)Bracewellite  (*)Braunite  (*)Brochantite  (*)
Calcite  (*)Calderónite  (*)Celestine  (*)Cerussite  (*)Chalcanthite  (*)
Chalcocite  (*)Chalcophanite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chalcosiderite  (*)Chlorargyrite  (*)
Chrysocolla  (*)Churchite-(Y)  (*)Clausthalite  (*)Clinoatacamite  (*)Clinobisvanite  (*)
Clinochlore  (*)Collinsite  (*)Conichalcite  (*)Connellite  (*)Copper  (*)
Covellite  (*)Crandallite  (*)Cryptomelane  (*)Cummingtonite  (*)Cuprite  (*)
Cyrilovite  (*)Descloizite  (*)Diaspore  (*)Dickite  (*)Digenite  (*)
Djurleite  (*)Dolomite  (*)Dufrénite  (*)Eosphorite  (*)Epidote  (*)
Eucairite  (*)Fairfieldite  (*)Faustite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)Fraipontite  (*)
Francisite  (*)Franklinite  (*)Galena  (*)Gatehouseite  (*)Gibbsite  (*)
Goethite  (*)Gorceixite  (*)Graphite  (*)Greenockite  (*)Groutite  (*)
Grunerite  (*)Guanajuatite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Halite  (*)Hausmannite  (*)
Hematite  (*)Hemimorphite  (*)Hetaerolite  (*)Hidalgoite  (*)Hureaulite  (*)
Hydrozincite  (*)Iodargyrite  (*)Jacobsite  (*)Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)  (*)Jarosite  (*)
Kaolinite  (*)Kidwellite  (*)Kintoreite  (*)Kleemanite  (*)Lepidocrocite  (*)
Libethenite  (*)Linarite  (*)Magnesite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)
Manganite  (*)Metaswitzerite  (*)Microcline  (*)Middlebackite  (*)Millisite  (*)
Mimetite  (*)Mitridatite  (*)Montgomeryite  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)Mottramite  (*)
Muscovite  (*)Nacrite  (*)Namibite  (*)Natrojarosite  (*)Naumannite  (*)
Nissonite  (*)Nontronite  (*)Opal  (*)Paratacamite  (*)Paravauxite  (*)
Pennantite  (*)Phillipsite-K  (*)Piemontite  (*)Plumbojarosite  (*)Pseudomalachite  (*)
Pyrite  (*)Pyrobelonite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)Pyrosmalite-(Mn)  (*)
Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Ramsdellite  (*)Rhodochrosite  (*)Robertsite  (*)
Romanèchite  (*)Rosasite  (*)Rutile  (*)Sassolite  (*)Seamanite  (*)
Sepiolite  (*)Shigaite  (*)Siderite  (*)Silver  (*)Smithsonite  (*)
Sphalerite  (*)Strengite  (*)Stromeyerite  (*)Sussexite  (*)Talc  (*)
Titanite  (*)Triploidite  (*)Turquoise  (*)Umangite  (*)Vanadinite  (*)
Variscite  (*)Vauquelinite  (*)Wardite  (*)Waterhouseite  (*)Wavellite  (*)
Weberite  (*)Whiteite-(MnMnMg)  (*)Wittichenite  (*)Woodhouseite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite  (*)AcanthiteAg2S1795178702793
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)21795178703419
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)1795178708803
Allactite  (*)AllactiteMn2+7(AsO4)2(OH)817951787011
Alunite  (*)NoneKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6179517870966
Anatase  (*)Not in a structural groupTiO21795178702162
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)1795178702734
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)1795178703250
Arsenoclasite  (*)ArsenoclasiteMn2+5(AsO4)2(OH)41795178704
Atacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)3179517870544
Aurichalcite  (*)None(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6179517870919
Autunite  (*)AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O1795178701272
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)21795178705509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)17951787011547
Bermanite  (*)ArthuriteMn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2·4H2O17951787055
Beyerite  (*)BismutiteCaBi2O2(CO3)217951787096
Bismoclite  (*)MatlockiteBiOCl17951787071
Bismuth  (*)ArsenicBi1795178701966
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S31795178701935
Bismutite  (*)BismutiteBi2O2(CO3)179517870716
Bohdanowiczite  (*)NoneAgBiSe217951787041
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS41795178705516
Bracewellite  (*)DiasporeCrO(OH)1795178702
Braunite  (*)BrauniteMn2+Mn3+6O8(SiO4)179517870483
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)61795178701633
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)17951787027770
Calderónite  (*)BrackebuschitePb2Fe3+(VO4)2(OH)17951787029
Celestine  (*)BaryteSr(SO4)1795178701252
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)1795178704979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O179517870925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S1795178705707
Chalcophanite  (*)NoneZnMn4+3O7·3H2O179517870197
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS217951787027198
Chalcosiderite  (*)TurquoiseCuFe3+6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O17951787077
Chlorargyrite  (*)RocksaltAgCl1795178701382
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O1795178703531
Churchite-(Y)  (*)GypsumY(PO4)·2H2O17951787070
Clausthalite  (*)RocksaltPbSe179517870281
Clinoatacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)317951787043
Clinobisvanite  (*)NoneBi(VO4)17951787036
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)81795178701756
Collinsite  (*)FairfielditeCa2Mg(PO4)2·2H2O17951787038
Conichalcite  (*)AdeliteCaCu(AsO4)(OH)179517870363
Connellite  (*)ConnelliteCu36(SO4)(OH)62Cl8·6H2O179517870295
Copper  (*)CopperCu1795178703846
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS1795178704165
Crandallite  (*)AluniteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6179517870310
Cryptomelane  (*)CoronaditeK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16179517870599
Cummingtonite  (*)Amphibole   Mg2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2179517870327
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O1795178702970
Cyrilovite  (*)WarditeNaFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)4·2H2O17951787060
Descloizite  (*)DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)179517870378
Diaspore  (*)DiasporeAlO(OH)179517870481
Dickite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)4179517870651
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S1795178701027
Djurleite  (*)NoneCu31S16179517870300
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)21795178709895
Dufrénite  (*)DufréniteCa0.5Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O179517870139
Eosphorite  (*)ChildreniteMn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2·H2O179517870128
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)1795178708173
Eucairite  (*)NoneCuAgSe17951787054
Fairfieldite  (*)FairfielditeCa2Mn2+(PO4)2·2H2O17951787072
Faustite  (*)TurquoiseZnAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O17951787024
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F1795178702740
Fraipontite  (*)Clay Serpentine(Zn,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)417951787049
Francisite  (*)NoneCu3Bi(Se4+O3)2O2Cl1795178702
Franklinite  (*)SpinelZnFe3+2O417951787052
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS17951787024243
Gatehouseite  (*)ArsenoclasiteMn2+5(PO4)2(OH)41795178702
Gibbsite  (*)NoneAl(OH)3179517870504
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)1795178707437
Gorceixite  (*)AluniteBaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6179517870121
Graphite  (*)NoneC1795178702812
Greenockite  (*)WurtziteCdS179517870717
Groutite  (*)DiasporeMn3+O(OH)17951787072
Grunerite  (*)Amphibole   Fe2+2Fe2+5Si8O22(OH)2179517870223
Guanajuatite  (*)StibniteBi2Se317951787037
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O1795178706890
Halite  (*)RocksaltNaCl1795178701398
Hausmannite  (*)SpinelMn2+Mn3+2O4179517870350
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O317951787014640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O1795178701689
Hetaerolite  (*)SpinelZnMn3+2O417951787073
Hidalgoite  (*)AlunitePbAl3(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)617951787057
Hureaulite  (*)HureauliteMn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2·4H2O179517870125
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)61795178701066
Iodargyrite  (*)WurtziteAgI179517870180
Jacobsite  (*)SpinelMn2+Fe3+2O4179517870172
Jahnsite-(CaMnMn)  (*)JahnsiteCaMn2+Mn2+2Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O17951787018
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)61795178702228
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)41795178705591
Kidwellite  (*)NoneNaFe3+9+x(PO4)6(OH)11·3H2O (x ≈ 0.33)17951787053
Kintoreite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)617951787041
Kleemanite  (*)NoneZnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2·3H2O1795178703
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)179517870581
Libethenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(PO4)(OH)179517870234
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)2179517870987
Magnesite  (*)CalciteMg(CO3)1795178701487
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O417951787014899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)217951787012537
Manganite  (*)RutileMn3+O(OH)179517870770
Metaswitzerite  (*)NoneMn2+3(PO4)2·4H2O17951787022
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)1795178704924
Middlebackite  (*)Not in a structural group OxalateCu2C2O4(OH)21795178702
Millisite  (*)WarditeNaCaAl6(PO4)4(OH)9·3H2O17951787012
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl1795178701107
Mitridatite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O179517870129
Montgomeryite  (*)CalcioferriteCa4MgAl4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O17951787044
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O1795178701508
Mottramite  (*)DescloizitePbCu(VO4)(OH)179517870362
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)217951787017380
Nacrite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)4179517870112
Namibite  (*)NoneCu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH)17951787024
Natrojarosite  (*)AluniteNaFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6179517870254
Naumannite  (*)Not in a structural groupAg2Se179517870192
Nissonite  (*)NoneCu2Mg2(PO4)2(OH)2·5H2O1795178704
Nontronite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculiteNa0.3Fe3+2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O179517870471
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O1795178702994
Paratacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)Cl2(OH)6179517870158
Paravauxite  (*)LaueiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2·8H2O17951787019
Pennantite  (*)Chlorite ClayMn2+5Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)817951787025
Phillipsite-K  (*)HarmotomeK6(Si10Al6)O32·12H2O17951787071
Piemontite  (*)EpidoteCa2(Al2Mn3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)179517870260
Plumbojarosite  (*)AlunitePb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6179517870477
Pseudomalachite  (*)NoneCu5(PO4)2(OH)4179517870369
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS217951787039462
Pyrobelonite  (*)DescloizitePbMn2+VO4(OH)17951787021
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO21795178703106
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl1795178701725
Pyrosmalite-(Mn)  (*)Pyrosmalite ClayMn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)1017951787025
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S81795178709056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO217951787061156
Ramsdellite  (*)RamsdelliteMnO217951787088
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)1795178701711
Robertsite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Mn3+3O2(PO4)3·3H2O17951787036
Romanèchite  (*)None(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10179517870312
Rosasite  (*)MalachiteCuZn(CO3)(OH)2179517870454
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO21795178705614
Sassolite  (*)NoneB(OH)317951787031
Seamanite  (*)NoneMn2+3B(OH)4(PO4)(OH)21795178705
Sepiolite  (*)Sepiolite ClayMg4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O179517870241
Shigaite  (*)Woodwardite HydrotalciteMn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2·6H2O1795178707
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)1795178706417
Silver  (*)CopperAg1795178705186
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)1795178702473
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS17951787021482
Strengite  (*)NoneFe3+(PO4)·2H2O179517870263
Stromeyerite  (*)NoneCuAgS179517870332
Sussexite  (*)NoneMn2+BO2(OH)17951787025
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)21795178703337
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O1795178704899
Triploidite  (*)WagneriteMn2+2(PO4)(OH)17951787029
Turquoise  (*)TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O179517870484
Umangite  (*)NoneCu3Se217951787071
Vanadinite  (*)ApatitePb5(VO4)3Cl179517870605
Variscite  (*)NoneAl(PO4)·2H2O179517870301
Vauquelinite  (*)NoneCuPb2(CrO4)(PO4)(OH)17951787063
Wardite  (*)WarditeNaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4·2H2O17951787058
Waterhouseite  (*)NoneMn7(PO4)2(OH)81795178701
Wavellite  (*)WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH)3·5H2O179517870374
Weberite  (*)WeberiteNa2MgAlF717951787013
Whiteite-(MnMnMg)  (*)JahnsiteMn2+Mn2+Mg2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2·8H2O1795178703
Wittichenite  (*)NoneCu3BiS3179517870297
Woodhouseite  (*)AluniteCaAl3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)617951787062


1 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Cr-00007179517871791U-Pb zircon   ZirconBracewellite, VauqueliniteCr158Iron Monarch Open Cut, Iron Knob, Middleback Range, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia Fanning et al. (1988)10.1016/0301-9268(88)90076-9PR40_363 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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