Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Kombat Mine (Klein Otavi; Asis), Kombat, Grootfontein, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia

Oldest recorded age at locality: 601
Youngest recorded age at locality: 537

mindat Locality ID: 2427
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-2427.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Kombat Mine (Klein Otavi; Asis), Kombat, Grootfontein, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia": 3
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 1

Number of Child Localities: 1
Child Localities:
Asis West Sector

Latitude: 19°46'59"S
Longitude: 18°1'0"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -19.783055555556,18.016666666667

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Adelite	Allophane	Amphibole	Apatite	Aragonite	Arsenopyrite	Asisite	Baryte	Bastnäsite	Brochantite
Brucite	Calcite	Cancrinite-sodalite	Chalcopyrite	Clay	Clinozoisite	Copper	Coronadite	Corundum	Covellite
Descloizite	Digenite	Enargite	Epidote	Feldspar	Fluorite	Garnet	Germanite	Gypsum	Harkerite
Hematolite	Hereroite	Humite	Kaolinite	Malachite	Mica	Molybdenite	Molybdophyllite	Monazite	None
Not in a structural group	Olivine	Pectolite	Perovskite	Pyrite	Pyrophyllite	Pyroxene	Quartz	Rhodonite	Rocksalt
Rutile	Scheelite	Sodalite	Sphalerite	Spinel	Talc	Tetrahedrite	Vesuvianite	Wurtzite	Wöhlerite
Zircon

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As B Ba Be C Ca Ce Cl Cr Cu F Fe Ge H K Li Mg Mn Mo Na O P Pb REE S Si Sn V Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Ag Al As B Ba Be C Ca Ce Cl Cr Cu F Fe Ge H K Li Mg Mn Mo Na O P Pb REE S Si Sn V Zn Zr

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Adelite Allophane Amphibole Apatite Aragonite Arsenopyrite Asisite Baryte Bastnäsite Brochantite
Brucite Calcite Cancrinite-sodalite Chalcopyrite Clay Clinozoisite Copper Coronadite Corundum Covellite
Descloizite Digenite Enargite Epidote Feldspar Fluorite Garnet Germanite Gypsum Harkerite
Hematolite Hereroite Humite Kaolinite Malachite Mica Molybdenite Molybdophyllite Monazite None
Not in a structural group Olivine Pectolite Perovskite Pyrite Pyrophyllite Pyroxene Quartz Rhodonite Rocksalt
Rutile Scheelite Sodalite Sphalerite Spinel Talc Tetrahedrite Vesuvianite Wurtzite Wöhlerite
Zircon

128 IMA Minerals at location:

Actinolite ()*	Aegirine ()*	Albite ()*	Alleghanyite ()*	Anglesite ()*
Anhydrite ()*	Aragonite ()*	Arsenopyrite ()*	Asisite ()*	Azurite ()*
Barysilite ()*	Baryte ()*	Bastnäsite-(Ce) ()*	Bayldonite ()*	Betekhtinite ()*
Bornite ()*	Britvinite ()*	Brochantite ()*	Brucite ()*	Brushite ()*
Cahnite ()*	Calcite ()*	Carlfrancisite ()*	Cassiterite ()*	Cerussite ()*
Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Chrysocolla ()*	Clinozoisite ()*	Colusite ()*
Copper ()*	Coronadite ()*	Covellite ()*	Crednerite ()*	Crocoite ()*
Cuprite ()*	Cuspidine ()*	Damaraite ()*	Defernite ()*	Digenite ()*
Dioptase ()*	Dolomite ()*	Duftite ()*	Enargite ()*	Epidote ()*
Erikjonssonite ()*	Fluorite ()*	Galaxite ()*	Galena ()*	Ganophyllite ()*
Glaucochroite ()*	Grootfonteinite ()*	Gypsum ()*	Harkerite ()*	Hausmannite ()*
Hedyphane ()*	Helvine ()*	Hematite ()*	Hematophanite ()*	Hereroite ()*
Hillebrandite ()*	Holdawayite ()*	Hollandite ()*	Hydroxylapatite ()*	Jacobsite ()*
Jaffeite ()*	Janchevite ()*	Jerrygibbsite ()*	Johninnesite ()*	Kaolinite ()*
Kentrolite ()*	Kombatite ()*	Kutnohorite ()*	Lautite ()*	Lead ()*
Leadhillite ()*	Leucophoenicite ()*	Magnetite ()*	Malachite ()*	Manganberzeliite ()*
Manganite ()*	Manganosite ()*	Melanotekite ()*	Microcline ()*	Milanriederite ()*
Mimetite ()*	Molybdenite ()*	Molybdophyllite ()*	Monazite-(Ce) ()*	Mottramite ()*
Muscovite ()*	Nambulite ()*	Natronambulite ()*	Orthoclase ()*	Phlogopite ()*
Pyrite ()*	Pyrobelonite ()*	Pyrochroite ()*	Pyrolusite ()*	Pyromorphite ()*
Pyrophyllite ()*	Quartz ()*	Renierite ()*	Rhodochrosite ()*	Rhodonite ()*
Ribbeite ()*	Richterite ()*	Roymillerite ()*	Sahlinite ()*	Sakhaite ()*
Serandite ()*	Siderite ()*	Silver ()*	Smithsonite ()*	Spessartine ()*
Sphalerite ()*	Sussexite ()*	Talc ()*	Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tephroite ()*
Vaterite ()*	Vesuvianite ()*	Vladkrivovichevite ()*	Wiserite ()*	Witherite ()*
Wulfenite ()*	Yangite ()*	Zircon ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	601	537	0		3419
Aegirine ()*	Pyroxene	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆	601	537	0		1022
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	601	537	0		8803
Alleghanyite ()*	Humite	Mn²⁺₅(SiO₄)₂(OH)₂	601	537	0		77
Anglesite ()*	Baryte	Pb(SO₄)	601	537	0		2734
Anhydrite ()*	Not in a structural group	Ca(SO₄)	601	537	0		1588
Aragonite ()*	Aragonite	Ca(CO₃)	601	537	0		3250
Arsenopyrite ()*	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	601	537	0		9052
Asisite ()*	Asisite	Pb₇SiO₈Cl₂	601	537	0		1
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	601	537	0		5509
Barysilite ()*	None	Pb₈Mn(Si₂O₇)₃	601	537	0		9
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	601	537	1	86938	11547
Bastnäsite-(Ce) ()*	Bastnäsite	Ce(CO₃)F	601	537	0		304
Bayldonite ()*	None	Cu₃PbO(AsO₃OH)₂(OH)₂	601	537	0		172
Betekhtinite ()*	None	(Cu,Fe)₂₁Pb₂S₁₅	601	537	0		45
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	601	537	0		5516
Britvinite ()*	Molybdophyllite	Pb₁₄Mg₉(Si₁₀O₂₈)(BO₃)₄(CO₃)₂(OH)₁₂F₂	601	537	0		2
Brochantite ()*	Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆	601	537	0		1633
Brucite ()*	Brucite	Mg(OH)₂	601	537	0		462
Brushite ()*	Gypsum	Ca(PO₃OH)·2H₂O	601	537	0		104
Cahnite ()*	Zircon	Ca₂B(AsO₄)(OH)₄	601	537	0		13
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	601	537	1	86938	27770
Carlfrancisite ()*	Hematolite	Mn²⁺₃(Mn²⁺,Mg,Fe³⁺,Al)₄₂(As³⁺O₃)₂(As⁵⁺O₄)₄[(Si,As⁵⁺)O₄]₆[(As⁵⁺,Si)O₄]₂(OH)₄₂	601	537	1	86940	1
Cassiterite ()*	Rutile	SnO₂	601	537	0		5171
Cerussite ()*	Aragonite	Pb(CO₃)	601	537	0		4979
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	601	537	0		5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	601	537	0		27198
Chrysocolla ()*	Allophane	(Cu_2-xAl_x)H_2-xSi₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O	601	537	0		3531
Clinozoisite ()*	Clinozoisite Epidote	Ca₂Al₃[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	601	537	0		1025
Colusite ()*	Sphalerite Germanite	Cu₁₃VAs₃S₁₆	601	537	0		110
Copper ()*	Copper	Cu	601	537	1	86938	3846
Coronadite ()*	Coronadite	Pb(Mn⁴⁺₆Mn³⁺₂)O₁₆	601	537	0		227
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	601	537	0		4165
Crednerite ()*	None	CuMnO₂	601	537	0		35
Crocoite ()*	Monazite Baryte	Pb(CrO₄)	601	537	0		81
Cuprite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₂O	601	537	0		2970
Cuspidine ()*	Wöhlerite	Ca₈(Si₂O₇)₂F₄	601	537	0		67
Damaraite ()*	None	Pb₃O₂(OH)Cl	601	537	1	86938	2
Defernite ()*	None	Ca₆(CO₃)_1.58(Si₂O₇)_0.21(OH)₇[Cl_0.50(OH)_0.08(H₂O)_0.42]	601	537	0		2
Digenite ()*	Digenite	Cu_1.8S	601	537	0		1027
Dioptase ()*	None	CuSiO₃·H₂O	601	537	0		164
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	601	537	0		9895
Duftite ()*	Adelite	PbCu(AsO₄)(OH)	601	537	0		220
Enargite ()*	Enargite Wurtzite	Cu₃AsS₄	601	537	0		910
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	601	537	0		8173
Erikjonssonite ()*	Hereroite	(Pb₃₂O₂₁)[(V,Si,Mo,As)O₄]₄Cl₉	601	537	0		1
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂	601	537	0		9617
Galaxite ()*	Spinel	Mn²⁺Al₂O₄	601	537	0		43
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	601	537	0		24243
Ganophyllite ()*	Clay	(K,Na)_xMn²⁺₆(Si,Al)₁₀O₂₄(OH)₄·nH₂O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11)	601	537	0		45
Glaucochroite ()*	Olivine	CaMn²⁺(SiO₄)	601	537	0		7
Grootfonteinite ()*	None	Pb₃O(CO₃)₂	601	537	0		1
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	601	537	0		6890
Harkerite ()*	Harkerite	Ca₄₈Mg₁₆[AlSi₄O₁₅(OH)]₄(BO₃)₁₆(CO₃)₁₆·2(H₂O,HCl)	601	537	0		11
Hausmannite ()*	Spinel	Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₂O₄	601	537	1	86938	350
Hedyphane ()*	Apatite	Ca₂Pb₃(AsO₄)₃Cl	601	537	0		48
Helvine ()*	Sodalite Cancrinite-sodalite	Be₃Mn²⁺₄(SiO₄)₃S	601	537	0		237
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	601	537	0		14640
Hematophanite ()*	Perovskite	Pb₄Fe³⁺₃O₈(Cl,OH)	601	537	1	86938	3
Hereroite ()*	Hereroite	[Pb₃₂(O, )₂₁](AsO₄)₂[(Si,As,V,Mo)O₄]₂Cl₁₀	601	537	0		1
Hillebrandite ()*	None	Ca₂SiO₃(OH)₂	601	537	0		17
Holdawayite ()*	None	Mn²⁺₆(CO₃)₂(OH)₇(Cl,OH)	601	537	0		3
Hollandite ()*	Coronadite	Ba(Mn⁴⁺₆Mn³⁺₂)O₁₆	601	537	0		243
Hydroxylapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃OH	601	537	0		367
Jacobsite ()*	Spinel	Mn²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	601	537	1	86938	172
Jaffeite ()*	None	Ca₆Si₂O₇(OH)₆	601	537	0		2
Janchevite ()*	Asisite	Pb₇V⁵⁺(O_8.5 _0.5)Cl₂	601	537	0		1
Jerrygibbsite ()*	Humite	Mn²⁺₉(SiO₄)₄(OH)₂	601	537	0		3
Johninnesite ()*	None	Na₂Mn²⁺₉Mg₇(AsO₄)₂(Si₆O₁₇)₂(OH)₈	601	537	0		2
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	601	537	0		5591
Kentrolite ()*	None	Pb₂Mn³⁺₂O₂(Si₂O₇)	601	537	0		22
Kombatite ()*	None	Pb₁₄O₉(VO₄)₂Cl₄	601	537	0		2
Kutnohorite ()*	None	CaMn²⁺(CO₃)₂	601	537	0		234
Lautite ()*	None	CuAsS	601	537	0		32
Lead ()*	Copper	Pb	601	537	0		192
Leadhillite ()*	None	Pb₄(SO₄)(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	601	537	0		265
Leucophoenicite ()*	Humite	Mn²⁺₇(SiO₄)₃(OH)₂	601	537	0		10
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	601	537	0		14899
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	601	537	0		12537
Manganberzeliite ()*	Garnet	(NaCa₂)Mn²⁺₂(AsO₄)₃	601	537	0		24
Manganite ()*	Rutile	Mn³⁺O(OH)	601	537	0		770
Manganosite ()*	Rocksalt	MnO	601	537	0		73
Melanotekite ()*	None	Pb₂Fe³⁺₂O₂(Si₂O₇)	601	537	0		22
Microcline ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)	601	537	0		4924
Milanriederite ()*	Vesuvianite	(Ca,REE)₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Mg,Al,Fe³⁺)₈Si₁₈O₆₈(OH,O)₁₀	601	537	0		1
Mimetite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl	601	537	0		1107
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂	601	537	0		5800
Molybdophyllite ()*	Molybdophyllite	Pb₈Mg₉[Si₁₀O₂₈(OH)₈O₂(CO₃)₃]·H₂O	601	537	0		3
Monazite-(Ce) ()*	Monazite	Ce(PO₄)	601	537	0		945
Mottramite ()*	Descloizite	PbCu(VO₄)(OH)	601	537	0		362
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	601	537	0		17380
Nambulite ()*	Rhodonite	LiMn²⁺₄Si₅O₁₄(OH)	601	537	0		12
Natronambulite ()*	Rhodonite	NaMn²⁺₄Si₅O₁₄(OH)	601	537	0		7
Orthoclase ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)	601	537	0		2349
Phlogopite ()*	Mica Clay	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	601	537	0		2273
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	601	537	0		39462
Pyrobelonite ()*	Descloizite	PbMn²⁺VO₄(OH)	601	537	0		21
Pyrochroite ()*	Brucite	Mn²⁺(OH)₂	601	537	0		56
Pyrolusite ()*	Rutile	MnO₂	601	537	0		3106
Pyromorphite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl	601	537	0		1725
Pyrophyllite ()*	Clay Pyrophyllite	Al₂Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	601	537	0		771
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	601	537	0		61156
Renierite ()*	Sphalerite Germanite	(Cu¹⁺,Zn)₁₁Fe₄(Ge⁴⁺,As⁵⁺)₂S₁₆	601	537	0		37
Rhodochrosite ()*	Calcite	Mn(CO₃)	601	537	0		1711
Rhodonite ()*	Rhodonite	CaMn₃Mn(Si₅O₁₅)	601	537	0		969
Ribbeite ()*	Humite	Mn²⁺₅(SiO₄)₂(OH)₂	601	537	0		13
Richterite ()*	Amphibole	Na(NaCa)Mg₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	601	537	0		148
Roymillerite ()*	Molybdophyllite	Pb₂₄Mg₉(Si₁₀O₂₈)(CO₃)₁₀(BO₃)(SiO₄)(OH)₁₃O₅	601	537	0		1
Sahlinite ()*	None	Pb₁₄O₉(AsO₄)₂Cl₄	601	537	0		4
Sakhaite ()*	Harkerite	Ca₄₈Mg₁₆(BO₃)₃₂(CO₃)₁₆·2(H₂O,HCl)	601	537	0		7
Serandite ()*	Pectolite	NaMn²⁺₂Si₃O₈(OH)	601	537	0		38
Siderite ()*	Calcite	Fe(CO₃)	601	537	0		6417
Silver ()*	Copper	Ag	601	537	0		5186
Smithsonite ()*	Calcite	Zn(CO₃)	601	537	0		2473
Spessartine ()*	Garnet	Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	601	537	0		1214
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	601	537	0		21482
Sussexite ()*	None	Mn²⁺BO₂(OH)	601	537	0		25
Talc ()*	Clay Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	601	537	0		3337
Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂)As₄S₁₃	601	537	0		1803
Tephroite ()*	Olivine	Mn²⁺₂(SiO₄)	601	537	0		240
Vaterite ()*	None	Ca(CO₃)	601	537	0		37
Vesuvianite ()*	Vesuvianite	(Ca,Na)₁₉(Al,Mg,Fe)₁₃(SiO₄)₁₀(Si₂O₇)₄(OH,F,O)₁₀	601	537	0		1395
Vladkrivovichevite ()*	Not in a structural group	[Pb₃₂O₁₈][Pb₄Mn₂O]Cl₁₄(BO₃)₈·2H₂O	601	537	0		1
Wiserite ()*	None	Mn²⁺₁₄(B₂O₅)₄(OH)₈·(Si,Mg)(O,OH)₄Cl	601	537	0		15
Witherite ()*	Aragonite	Ba(CO₃)	601	537	0		251
Wulfenite ()*	Scheelite	PbMoO₄	601	537	0		1655
Yangite ()*	Not in a structural group	PbMnSi₃O₈·H₂O	601	537	0		1
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)	601	537	0		5251

2 Ages assigned to this locality:

	Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Run Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
	CGSN10_99-Kombat	600	600				high				Yes				235838	Kombat, Grootfontein, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia	Kombat	Deane (1995)		CGSN10_99	best estimate for mineralization age
	sedznpb-00339	601	537	570±31 – 554±17											2427	Kombat Mine (Klein Otavi; Asis), Kombat, Grootfontein, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia	Kombat	Singer et al. (2009)		USGSOFR2009-1252

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
R070635	Kombat Mine (Klein Otavi; Asis), Kombat, Grootfontein, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia	https://rruff.info/R070635
R070651	Kombat Mine (Klein Otavi; Asis), Kombat, Grootfontein, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia	https://rruff.info/R070651
R070639	Kombat Mine (Klein Otavi; Asis), Kombat, Grootfontein, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia	https://rruff.info/R070639
R060619	Kombat Mine (Klein Otavi; Asis), Kombat, Grootfontein, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia	https://rruff.info/R060619
R070638	Kombat Mine (Klein Otavi; Asis), Kombat, Grootfontein, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia	https://rruff.info/R070638
R070719	Kombat Mine (Klein Otavi; Asis), Kombat, Grootfontein, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia	https://rruff.info/R070719
R100042	Kombat Mine (Klein Otavi; Asis), Kombat, Grootfontein, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia	https://rruff.info/R100042
R060249	Kombat Mine (Klein Otavi; Asis), Kombat, Grootfontein, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia	https://rruff.info/R060249
R070720	Kombat Mine (Klein Otavi; Asis), Kombat, Grootfontein, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia	https://rruff.info/R070720
R060616	Kombat Mine (Klein Otavi; Asis), Kombat, Grootfontein, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia	https://rruff.info/R060616
R140497	Kombat Mine (Klein Otavi; Asis), Kombat, Grootfontein, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia	https://rruff.info/R140497
R130122	Kombat Mine (Klein Otavi; Asis), Kombat, Grootfontein, Otjozondjupa Region, Namibia	https://rruff.info/R130122

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...