Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa

Oldest recorded age at locality: 1031
Youngest recorded age at locality: 950

mindat Locality ID: 53587
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-53587.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa": 51
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 48

Number of Child Localities: 42
Child Localities:
Biesies Mine
Brandkloof Mine
Carolusberg No. 1 Mine
Carolusberg No. 2 Mine
Concordia
Divide Mine
East Okiep Mine
Ezelsfontein Mine (Eezelsfontein Mine)
Flat Mine
Flat South Mine
Hoits Mine
Homeep East Mine
Homeep West Mine
Jan Coetzee Copper Mine
Jan Coetzee Southwest Mine
Jubilee Mine
Kilduncan Mine
Kliphoog Mine
Klondyke Central Mine
Kloof Mine
Koeelkop Mine
Koperberg Mine
Nababeep Mine
Nababeep Tungsten Mines
Namaqualand Metamorphic Complex
Narrap Mine
Nigramoep Mine
Okiep Mine (O'Okiep Mine)
Rietberg Mine
Schaaprivier Mine
Schaaprivier West Mine
Spektakel Mine
Spektakel Northwest Mine
Springbok
T'kodas
Valentine Mine
Van Der Stel's Copper Mine
Wheal Flat Mine
Wheal Heath Mine
Wheal Julia Mine
Wheal Julia North Mine
Whytes West Mine

Latitude: 29°35'7"S
Longitude: 17°52'33"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -29.585277777778,17.875833333333

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Allophane	Andalusite	Apatite	Arsenic	Axinite	Baryte	Beryl	Bismutite	Brochantite	Calcite
Chalcanthite	Chalcopyrite	Chlorite	Clay	Clinozoisite	Columbite	Connellite	Copper	Corundum	Covellite
Cubanite	Cyanotrichite	Diaspore	Epidote	Feldspar	Fluorite	Garnet	Gypsum	Kaolinite	Kornerupine
Malachite	Melonite	Mica	Milarite	Millerite	Molybdenite	Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group	Pentlandite
Plancheite	Prehnite	Pyrite	Pyroxene	Quartz	Rocksalt	Rutile	Sapphirine	Scheelite	Sphalerite
Spinel	Stibnite	Tetradymite	Tetrahedrite	Titanite	Valleriite	Wurtzite	Zircon

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al Au B Ba Bi C Ca Cl Co Cu F Fe H Hg K Mg Mn Mo Ni O P Pb S Sb Si Te Th Ti W Y Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Ag Al Au Bi C Ca Co Cu Fe H Hg K Mg Ni O P S Si Te Y Zn

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Allophane Andalusite Apatite Arsenic Axinite Baryte Beryl Bismutite Brochantite Calcite
Chalcanthite Chalcopyrite Chlorite Clay Clinozoisite Columbite Connellite Copper Corundum Covellite
Cubanite Cyanotrichite Diaspore Epidote Feldspar Fluorite Garnet Gypsum Kaolinite Kornerupine
Malachite Melonite Mica Milarite Millerite Molybdenite Nickeline None Not in a structural group Pentlandite
Plancheite Prehnite Pyrite Pyroxene Quartz Rocksalt Rutile Sapphirine Scheelite Sphalerite
Spinel Stibnite Tetradymite Tetrahedrite Titanite Valleriite Wurtzite Zircon

82 IMA Minerals at location:

Allophane ()*	Almandine ()*	Anhydrite ()*	Axinite-(Fe) ()*	Azurite ()*
Baryte ()*	Bismuth ()*	Bismuthinite ()*	Bismutite ()*	Bornite ()*
Brochantite ()*	Calcite ()*	Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*
Chrysocolla ()*	Clinochlore ()*	Clinozoisite ()*	Coloradoite ()*	Connellite ()*
Copper ()*	Cordierite ()*	Cornetite ()*	Corundum ()*	Covellite ()*
Cubanite ()*	Cuprite ()*	Cyanotrichite ()*	Dolomite ()*	Enstatite ()*
Epidote ()*	Ferberite ()*	Fluorapatite ()*	Fluorite ()*	Galena ()*
Goethite ()*	Grandidierite ()*	Gypsum ()*	Hematite ()*	Hessite ()*
Hübnerite ()*	Ilmenite ()*	Kaolinite ()*	Kornerupine ()*	Libethenite ()*
Linnaeite ()*	Mackinawite ()*	Magnetite ()*	Malachite ()*	Melonite ()*
Microcline ()*	Millerite ()*	Molybdenite ()*	Muscovite ()*	Orthoclase ()*
Osumilite-(Mg) ()*	Pentlandite ()*	Phlogopite ()*	Plancheite ()*	Prehnite ()*
Pyrite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Reichenbachite ()*	Rickardite ()*
Rutile ()*	Sapphirine ()*	Scheelite ()*	Sillimanite ()*	Smithsonite ()*
Sphalerite ()*	Spinel ()*	Sylvanite ()*	Tenorite ()*	Tetradymite ()*
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Thorite ()*	Titanite ()*	Valleriite ()*	Werdingite ()*
Xenotime-(Y) ()*	Zircon ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Allophane ()*	Allophane	Al₂O₃(SiO₂)_1.3-2.0·2.5-3.0H₂O	1031	950	0		470
Almandine ()*	Garnet	Fe²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	1031	950	1	107112	2353
Anhydrite ()*	Not in a structural group	Ca(SO₄)	1031	950	2	107108,107112	1588
Axinite-(Fe) ()*	Axinite	Ca₄Fe²⁺₂Al₄[B₂Si₈O₃₀](OH)₂	1031	950	1	107112	260
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	1031	950	1	107087	5509
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	1031	950	2	107099,107112	11547
Bismuth ()*	Arsenic	Bi	1031	950	1	107112	1966
Bismuthinite ()*	Stibnite	Bi₂S₃	1031	950	3	107103,107109,107112	1935
Bismutite ()*	Bismutite	Bi₂O₂(CO₃)	1031	950	1	107112	716
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	1031	950	11	107085,107087,107090,107092,107102,107103,107107,107108,107114,107116,107125	5516
Brochantite ()*	Brochantite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆	1031	950	0		1633
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	1031	950	2	107099,107112	27770
Chalcanthite ()*	Chalcanthite	Cu(SO₄)·5H₂O	1031	950	1	107101	925
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	1031	950	8	107085,107087,107103,107112,107116,107124,107126,107131	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	1031	950	11	107085,107087,107092,107099,107103,107112,107113,107114,107116,107125,107131	27198
Chrysocolla ()*	Allophane	(Cu_2-xAl_x)H_2-xSi₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O	1031	950	2	107102,107126	3531
Clinochlore ()*	Chlorite Clay	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	1031	950	0		1756
Clinozoisite ()*	Clinozoisite Epidote	Ca₂Al₃[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	1031	950	0		1025
Coloradoite ()*	Sphalerite	HgTe	1031	950	0		169
Connellite ()*	Connellite	Cu₃₆(SO₄)(OH)₆₂Cl₈·6H₂O	1031	950	1	107088	295
Copper ()*	Copper	Cu	1031	950	4	107089,107096,107097,107120	3846
Cordierite ()*	Beryl	Mg₂Al₄Si₅O₁₈	1018	954	1	107113	1008
Cornetite ()*	None	Cu₃(PO₄)(OH)₃	1031	950	1	107123	26
Corundum ()*	Corundum	Al₂O₃	1018	954	1	107113	1797
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	1031	950	4	107103,107109,107112,107125	4165
Cubanite ()*	Cubanite Wurtzite	CuFe₂S₃	1031	950	0		802
Cuprite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₂O	1031	950	1	107087	2970
Cyanotrichite ()*	Cyanotrichite	Cu₄Al₂(SO₄)(OH)₁₂(H₂O)₂	1031	950	1	107124	179
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	1031	950	1	107099	9895
Enstatite ()*	Pyroxene	Mg₂Si₂O₆	1031	950	0		944
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	1031	950	2	107099,107112	8173
Ferberite ()*	Columbite	Fe²⁺(WO₄)	1031	950	3	107083,107112,107114	551
Fluorapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F	1031	950	1	107112	2740
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂	1031	950	2	107099,107112	9617
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	1031	950	2	107092,107112	24243
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	1031	950	0		7437
Grandidierite ()*	None	MgAl₃O₂(BO₃)(SiO₄)	1018	954	1	107113	40
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	1031	950	1	107112	6890
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	1031	950	5	107085,107099,107112,107116,107125	14640
Hessite ()*	None	Ag₂Te	1031	950	0		804
Hübnerite ()*	Columbite	Mn²⁺(WO₄)	1031	950	1	107112	469
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃	1031	950	5	107085,107092,107103,107109,107125	5433
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	1031	950	1	107112	5591
Kornerupine ()*	Kornerupine	(Mg,Fe²⁺,Al, )₁₀(Si,Al,B)₅O₂₁(OH,F)₂	1018	954	1	107113	68
Libethenite ()*	Andalusite	Cu₂(PO₄)(OH)	1031	950	1	107123	234
Linnaeite ()*	Spinel	Co²⁺Co³⁺₂S₄	1031	950	0		249
Mackinawite ()*	None	(Fe,Ni)_1+xS (x = 0-0.07)	1031	950	0		451
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	1031	950	10	107085,107092,107102,107107,107108,107109,107112,107114,107116,107125	14899
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	1031	950	2	107089,107120	12537
Melonite ()*	Melonite	NiTe₂	1031	950	0		207
Microcline ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)	1031	950	1	107112	4924
Millerite ()*	Millerite	NiS	1031	950	0		1066
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂	1031	950	8	107083,107103,107110,107111,107112,107114,107116,107125	5800
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	1031	950	1	107112	17380
Orthoclase ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)	1031	950	2	107099,107112	2349
Osumilite-(Mg) ()*	Milarite	KMg₂Al₃(Al₂Si₁₀)O₃₀	1018	954	1	107113	42
Pentlandite ()*	Pentlandite	(Ni,Fe)₉S₈	1031	950	1	107092	1512
Phlogopite ()*	Mica Clay	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	1031	950	0		2273
Plancheite ()*	Plancheite	Cu₈(Si₄O₁₁)₂(OH)₄·H₂O	1031	950	0		74
Prehnite ()*	Prehnite	Ca₂Al(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	1031	950	1	107112	1898
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	1031	950	3	107099,107103,107112	39462
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	1031	950	5	107092,107093,107114,107116,107130	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	1031	950	15	107083,107092,107099,107102,107103,107107,107108,107110,107111,107112,107113,107114,107116,107122,107125	61156
Reichenbachite ()*	None	Cu₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄	1031	950	1	107123	26
Rickardite ()*	None	Cu_3-xTe₂	1031	950	0		52
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂	1018	954	2	107109,107113	5614
Sapphirine ()*	Sapphirine	Mg₄(Mg₃Al₉)O₄[Si₃Al₉O₃₆]	1018	954	1	107113	129
Scheelite ()*	Scheelite	Ca(WO₄)	1031	950	3	107083,107103,107112	4894
Sillimanite ()*	Not in a structural group	Al₂SiO₅	1031	950	5	107103,107109,107112,107113,107114	1516
Smithsonite ()*	Calcite	Zn(CO₃)	1031	950	0		2473
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	1031	950	4	107092,107099,107103,107112	21482
Spinel ()*	Spinel	MgAl₂O₄	1018	954	2	107113,107125	1934
Sylvanite ()*	Melonite	AgAuTe₄	1031	950	0		337
Tenorite ()*	None	CuO	1031	950	0		1101
Tetradymite ()*	Tetradymite	Bi₂Te₂S	1031	950	0		510
Tetrahedrite-(Zn) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Zn₂)Sb₄S₁₃	1031	950	1	107120	5317
Thorite ()*	Zircon	Th(SiO₄)	1022	1011	1	107103	1006
Titanite ()*	Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O	1031	950	1	107099	4899
Valleriite ()*	Valleriite	2[(Fe,Cu)S]·1.53[(Mg,Al)(OH)₂]	1031	950	0		237
Werdingite ()*	None	Mg₂Al₁₄Si₄B₄O₃₇	1018	954	1	107113	8
Xenotime-(Y) ()*	Zircon	Y(PO₄)	1031	950	0		939
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)	1031	950	2	107109,107112	5251

9 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Sample Source	Sample Num	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID
Mo-00268	1031	950		Re-Os		molybdenite		Molybdenite	Molybdenite	Mo	53587	Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Okiep Copper District	Raith and Stein (2000)	10.1007/s001260050276	MD35_741
Mo-00439	1022	1014	1018±4	Re-Os		molybdenite	NA335-3	Molybdenite		Mo	206060	Kliphoog Mine, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Kliphoog	Raith and Stein (2000)	10.1007/s001260050276	MD35_741
Mo-00440	1019	1011	1015±4	Re-Os		molybdenite	NA44	Molybdenite		Mo	206060	Kliphoog Mine, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Kliphoog	Raith and Stein (2000)	10.1007/s001260050276	MD35_741
Mo-00438	1015	1007	1011±4	Re-Os		molybdenite	NA51	Molybdenite		Mo	206059	Nababeep Far West Mine, Nababeep Tungsten Mines, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Nababeep Far West	Raith and Stein (2000)	10.1007/s001260050276	MD35_741
Kristen002255	1018	954	1018-954	Re-Os	mineralization age	molybdenite		Molybdenite		W, Mo	57343	Namaqualand Metamorphic Complex, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Western Namaqualan W (Mo) Deposit	Han et al. (2014)	10.1111/rge.12033	RG64_136
Mo-00269	958	950	954±4	Re-Os		molybdenite	NA167-1	Molybdenite		Mo	53600	Narrap Mine, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Narrap	Raith and Stein (2000)	10.1007/s001260050276	MD35_741
Mo-00270	1031	1021	1026±5	Re-Os		molybdenite	NA167-1	Molybdenite		Mo	53600	Narrap Mine, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Narrap	Raith and Stein (2000)	10.1007/s001260050276	MD35_741
Mo-00436	1010	1002	1006±4	Re-Os		molybdenite	NA336-5	Molybdenite		Mo	206057	Tweedam Mine, Springbok, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Tweedam	Raith and Stein (2000)	10.1007/s001260050276	MD35_741
Mo-00437	1004	996	1000±4	Re-Os		molybdenite	NA336-6	Molybdenite		Mo	206057	Tweedam Mine, Springbok, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Tweedam	Raith and Stein (2000)	10.1007/s001260050276	MD35_741

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
R070405	Springbok Mine, Springbok, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	https://rruff.info/R070405

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...