Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2400
Youngest recorded age at locality: 1010

mindat Locality ID: 14466
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-14466.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa": 24
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 20

Number of Child Localities: 16
Child Localities:
Adams Mine
Avontuur Deposit
Belgravia Mine
Black Rock
Borwa Mine
Devon Mine
Gloria Mine
Hotazel
Kalagadi Mine
Kudumane Mine
Kuruman
Leinster Deposit
Mamatwan Mine
Middelplaats Mine
Perth Mine
Smartt Mine

Latitude: 27°12'34"S
Longitude: 22°54'50"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -27.209444444444,22.913888888889
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As B Ba C Ca Cu F Fe H Hg K Li Mg Mn Na O P Pb S Si Sr Ti Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al B C Ca Cu Fe H K Mg Na O S Si Ti 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AdeliteAllophaneAmorphousAmphiboleApatiteApophylliteAragoniteArsenoclasiteBaryteBixbyite
BrauniteBruciteCalciteChalcopyriteChloriteClayClinozoisiteCopperCoronaditeCorundum
DiasporeEpidoteEttringiteFeldsparFleischeriteGadoliniteGarnetGillespiteGypsumGyrolite
HumiteHydrotalciteKaoliniteLawsoniteLepidocrociteMalachiteMarcasiteMeliliteMicaMilarite
NatroliteNoneNorditeNot in a structural groupOlivinePectolitePlancheitePost-spinelPrehnitePyrite
PyrosmalitePyroxeneQuartzRamsdelliteRhodoniteRocksaltRoseliteRuiziteRutileSerpentine
Smectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinelSpurrite-AfwilliteStilpnomelaneTalcThomsoniteTitaniteTobermoriteTridymite
VesuvianiteWollastoniteWoodwardite

173 IMA Minerals at location:
Aegirine  (*)Aegirine-augite  (*)Afwillite  (*)Åkermanite  (*)Albite  (*)
Andradite  (*)Ankerite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Azurite  (*)Banalsite  (*)
Baryte  (*)Bementite  (*)Birnessite  (*)Bixbyite  (*)Bornite  (*)
Brandtite  (*)Braunite  (*)Brucite  (*)Bultfonteinite  (*)Bustamite  (*)
Cairncrossite  (*)Calcite  (*)Caryopilite  (*)Celestine  (*)Chalcocite  (*)
Chalcophanite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chamosite  (*)Charlesite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)
Cinnabar  (*)Clinochlore  (*)Clinotobermorite  (*)Clinozoisite  (*)Colinowensite  (*)
Copper  (*)Creedite  (*)Cryptomelane  (*)Cymrite  (*)Cyprine  (*)
Datolite  (*)Despujolsite  (*)Diaspore  (*)Diegogattaite  (*)Diopside  (*)
Dolomite  (*)Effenbergerite  (*)Ephesite  (*)Epidote  (*)Ettringite  (*)
Feitknechtite  (*)Ferrobustamite  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)Foshagite  (*)Friedelite  (*)
Gageite  (*)Galena  (*)Gatehouseite  (*)Gaudefroyite  (*)Glaucochroite  (*)
Goethite  (*)Gonyerite  (*)Gowerite  (*)Greenalite  (*)Grossular  (*)
Groutite  (*)Guidottiite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Hausmannite  (*)Hematite  (*)
Hennomartinite  (*)Henritermierite  (*)Hollandite  (*)Holtstamite  (*)Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)  (*)
Inesite  (*)Inyoite  (*)Jacobsite  (*)Jennite  (*)Johannsenite  (*)
Jouravskite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)Kenotobermorite  (*)Kentrolite  (*)Kirschsteinite  (*)
Kutnohorite  (*)Lavinskyite  (*)Lepidocrocite  (*)Leucophoenicite  (*)Lipuite  (*)
Lithiophorite  (*)Lizardite  (*)Magnesio-arfvedsonite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)
Manganite  (*)Manganvesuvianite  (*)Manjiroite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Marokite  (*)
Meieranite  (*)Minnesotaite  (*)Mozartite  (*)Natrolite  (*)Nchwaningite  (*)
Neltnerite  (*)Nontronite  (*)Norrishite  (*)Nsutite  (*)Olmiite  (*)
Opal  (*)Orientite  (*)Orlymanite  (*)Oyelite  (*)Pargasite  (*)
Parsettensite  (*)Pectolite  (*)Phlogopite  (*)Piemontite  (*)Piemontite-(Sr)  (*)
Poldervaartite  (*)Portlandite  (*)Potassic-mangani-leakeite  (*)Prehnite  (*)Pyrite  (*)
Pyrochroite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)Pyrophanite  (*)Quartz  (*)Ramsdellite  (*)
Ranciéite  (*)Rhodochrosite  (*)Rhodonite  (*)Richterite  (*)Riebeckite  (*)
Romanèchite  (*)Ruizite  (*)Saponite  (*)Schizolite  (*)Scottyite  (*)
Serandite  (*)Shigaite  (*)Siderite  (*)Sogdianite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)
Stevensite  (*)Stilpnomelane  (*)Strontianite  (*)Strontioruizite  (*)Sturmanite  (*)
Sugilite  (*)Sussexite  (*)Taikanite  (*)Talc  (*)Taniajacoite  (*)
Tephroite  (*)Tetraferriannite  (*)Thaumasite  (*)Thomsonite-Ca  (*)Titanite  (*)
Tobermorite  (*)Todorokite  (*)Tremolite  (*)Tridymite  (*)Tweddillite  (*)
Vaterite  (*)Vesuvianite  (*)Vonbezingite  (*)Vuagnatite  (*)Wesselsite  (*)
Wollastonite  (*)Xonotlite  (*)Zoisite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Aegirine  (*)PyroxeneNaFe3+Si2O6240010103107027,107034,1070401022
Aegirine-augite  (*)Pyroxene(Ca,Na)(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)Si2O6240010100286
Afwillite  (*)Spurrite-AfwilliteCa3[SiO4][SiO2(OH)2]·2H2O240010103107034,107039,10704041
Åkermanite  (*)MeliliteCa2MgSi2O710541010110703450
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)1054101011070348803
Andradite  (*)GarnetCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)3240010105107027,107034,107039,107040,1070411534
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2240010102107023,1070433092
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)240010104107030,107034,107039,1070403250
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2240010102107034,1070435509
Banalsite  (*)NoneNa2BaAl4Si4O16240010102107027,10703422
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)240010108107027,107032,107033,107034,107039,107040,107041,10704311547
Bementite  (*)ClayMn7Si6O15(OH)824001042.23107030,107034,107040173
Birnessite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K)0.6(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4·1.5H2O24001042.21107033178
Bixbyite  (*)BixbyiteMn3+2O324001042.27107027,107033,107034,107039,107040,107043104
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS42400101011070435516
Brandtite  (*)RoseliteCa2Mn2+(AsO4)2·2H2O10541042.2110703418
Braunite  (*)BrauniteMn2+Mn3+6O8(SiO4)24001042.27107027,107033,107034,107039,107040,107041,107043483
Brucite  (*)BruciteMg(OH)2240010104107034,107039,107040,107041462
Bultfonteinite  (*)Spurrite-AfwilliteCa2SiO3(OH)F·H2O240010103107034,107039,10704020
Bustamite  (*)WollastoniteMn2Ca2MnCa(Si3O9)224001042.23107034,107039,107040101
Cairncrossite  (*)GyroliteSr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-x1054101011070341
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)2400101012107023,107027,107030,107032,107033,107034,107039,107040,107041,107043,107045,10704627770
Caryopilite  (*)Clay SerpentineMn2+3Si2O5(OH)424001042.23107034,107039,10704083
Celestine  (*)BaryteSr(SO4)240010105107027,107034,107039,107040,1070411252
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S2400101011070435707
Chalcophanite  (*)NoneZnMn4+3O7·3H2O24001042.21107033197
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2240010102107039,10704327198
Chamosite  (*)Chlorite Clay(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8105410101107034577
Charlesite  (*)EttringiteCa6Al2(SO4)2B(OH)4(OH,O)12·26H2O2400101009
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O2400101003531
Cinnabar  (*)NoneHgS2400101011070402600
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8240010103107034,107040,1070431756
Clinotobermorite  (*)TobermoriteCa4Si6O17(H2O)2·(Ca·3H2O)1054101011070346
Clinozoisite  (*)Clinozoisite EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)1054101011070341025
Colinowensite  (*)Not in a structural groupBaCuSi2O61054101011070341
Copper  (*)CopperCu240010102107034,1070403846
Creedite  (*)NoneCa3Al2(SO4)(OH)2F8·2H2O240010102107039,10704048
Cryptomelane  (*)CoronaditeK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O1624001042.26107027,107032,107033,107034,107043,107046599
Cymrite  (*)NoneBa(Si,Al)4(O,OH)8·H2O240010102107027,10703346
Cyprine  (*)VesuvianiteCa19Cu2+(Al,Mg)12Si18O69(OH)91054101011070343
Datolite  (*)GadoliniteCaB(SiO4)(OH)240010102107034,107040498
Despujolsite  (*)FleischeriteCa3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O24001042.22107040,10704110
Diaspore  (*)DiasporeAlO(OH)240010102107034,107040481
Diegogattaite  (*)Not in a structural groupNa2CaCu2Si8O20·H2O1054101011070341
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O6240010102107034,1070404135
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)22400101011070439895
Effenbergerite  (*)GillespiteBaCuSi4O101054101011070341
Ephesite  (*)MicaNaLiAl2(Si2Al2)O10(OH)210541010110703421
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)240010102107033,1070348173
Ettringite  (*)EttringiteCa6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12·27H2O240010104107034,107039,107040,10704193
Feitknechtite  (*)NoneMn3+O(OH)24001042.22107034,10704419
Ferrobustamite  (*)WollastoniteCaFe2+Si2O610541010110703422
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F1054101011070342740
Foshagite  (*)NoneCa4(SiO3)3(OH)210541010110703419
Friedelite  (*)Pyrosmalite ClayMn2+8Si6O15(OH)1024001042.24107034,107039,107040,10704440
Gageite  (*)NoneMn2+21Si8O27(OH)2024001042.23107034,107039,10704014
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS240010102107039,10704024243
Gatehouseite  (*)ArsenoclasiteMn2+5(PO4)2(OH)424001042.211070392
Gaudefroyite  (*)NoneCa4Mn3+3(BO3)3(CO3)O324001042.23107034,107039,1070405
Glaucochroite  (*)OlivineCaMn2+(SiO4)10541042.211070347
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)240010104107034,107040,107041,1070437437
Gonyerite  (*)Chlorite ClayMn2+5Fe3+(Si3Fe3+O10)(OH)824001042.22107034,10704011
Gowerite  (*)NoneCa[B5O8(OH)][B(OH)3]·3H2O240010103107034,107039,10704013
Greenalite  (*)Clay Serpentine(Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)424001010061
Grossular  (*)GarnetCa3Al2(SiO4)3240010102107034,1070401544
Groutite  (*)DiasporeMn3+O(OH)24001042.24107030,107034,107039,10704072
Guidottiite  (*)Serpentine ClayMn2Fe3+(SiFe3+)O5(OH)424001042.211070401
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O240010107107027,107029,107032,107033,107034,107039,1070406890
Hausmannite  (*)SpinelMn2+Mn3+2O424001042.26107033,107034,107039,107040,107041,107043350
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3240010108107027,107030,107034,107039,107040,107041,107042,10704314640
Hennomartinite  (*)LawsoniteSrMn3+2(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O10541042.211070342
Henritermierite  (*)GarnetCa3Mn3+2(SiO4)2(OH)424001042.23107034,107039,1070404
Hollandite  (*)CoronaditeBa(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O1624001042.21107033243
Holtstamite  (*)GarnetCa3Al2(SiO4)2(OH)41054101011070341
Hydroxyapophyllite-(K)  (*)ApophylliteKCa4Si8O20(OH,F)·8H2O240010103107034,107039,10704085
Inesite  (*)NoneCa2Mn2+7Si10O28(OH)2·5H2O24001042.25107027,107034,107038,107039,10704050
Inyoite  (*)NoneCaB3O3(OH)5·4H2O24001010034
Jacobsite  (*)SpinelMn2+Fe3+2O424001042.25107033,107034,107040,107042,107043172
Jennite  (*)NoneCa9(Si3O9)2(OH)6·8H2O10541010110703418
Johannsenite  (*)PyroxeneCaMnSi2O610541042.2110703473
Jouravskite  (*)EttringiteCa3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6·12H2O24001042.23107039,107040,1070416
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)42400101005591
Kenotobermorite  (*)TobermoriteCa4Si6O15(OH)2(H2O)2·3H2O2400101011070401
Kentrolite  (*)NonePb2Mn3+2O2(Si2O7)10541042.2110703422
Kirschsteinite  (*)OlivineCaFe2+(SiO4)10541010110703433
Kutnohorite  (*)NoneCaMn2+(CO3)224001042.25107034,107039,107040,107042,107043234
Lavinskyite  (*)PlancheiteK(LiCu)Cu6(Si4O11)2(OH)41010101011070342
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)240010103107033,107039,107040581
Leucophoenicite  (*)HumiteMn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)224001042.22107034,10704010
Lipuite  (*)Not in a structural groupKNa8Mn3+5Mg0.5[Si12O30(OH)4](PO4)O2(OH)2·4H2O24001042.211070411
Lithiophorite  (*)None(Al,Li)(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2(OH)224001042.23107023,107027,107043210
Lizardite  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)4240010102107034,107040359
Magnesio-arfvedsonite  (*)AmphiboleNaNa2(Mg4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)210541010110703479
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O424001010014899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2240010102107039,10704312537
Manganite  (*)RutileMn3+O(OH)24001042.27107023,107027,107033,107034,107039,107040,107043770
Manganvesuvianite  (*)VesuvianiteCa19Mn3+Al10Mg2(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4O(OH)924001042.23107034,107040,1070414
Manjiroite  (*)CoronaditeNa(Mn4+7Mn3+)O1624001042.22107043,10704622
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS2240010104107034,107039,107040,1070435674
Marokite  (*)Post-spinelCaMn3+2O424001042.23107027,107034,1070408
Meieranite  (*)NorditeNa2Sr3MgSi6O171054101011070341
Minnesotaite  (*)Clay TalcFe2+3Si4O10(OH)210541010110703461
Mozartite  (*)AdeliteCaMn3+(SiO4)(OH)24001042.22107034,1070404
Natrolite  (*)NatroliteNa2(Si3Al2)O10·2H2O1054101011070341236
Nchwaningite  (*)NoneMn2SiO3(OH)2·H2O24001042.22107034,1070402
Neltnerite  (*)BrauniteCaMn3+6O8(SiO4)10541042.211070348
Nontronite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculiteNa0.3Fe3+2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O240010101107043471
Norrishite  (*)MicaKLiMn3+2Si4O10O21040101011070345
Nsutite  (*)RamsdelliteMn2+xMn4+1-xO2-2x(OH)2x24001042.21107033121
Olmiite  (*)NoneCaMn[SiO3(OH)](OH)24001042.23107034,107040,1070414
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O240010102107027,1070332994
Orientite  (*)NoneCa8Mn3+10(SiO4)3(Si3O10)3(OH)10·4H2O10541042.211070348
Orlymanite  (*)GyroliteCa4Mn2+3Si8O20(OH)6·2H2O24001042.22107034,1070402
Oyelite  (*)NoneCa5BSi4O13(OH)3·4H2O240010103107039,107040,1070417
Pargasite  (*)AmphiboleNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2240010100313
Parsettensite  (*)Stilpnomelane Clay(K,Na,Ca)7.5(Mn,Mg)49Si72O168(OH)50·nH2O10541042.2110703443
Pectolite  (*)PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)240010103107034,107040,107041363
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)22400101011070402273
Piemontite  (*)EpidoteCa2(Al2Mn3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)24001042.22107033,107034260
Piemontite-(Sr)  (*)Clinozoisite EpidoteCaSr(Al2Mn3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)10541042.2110703412
Poldervaartite  (*)NoneCa(Ca,Mn)(SiO3OH)(OH)24001042.22107034,1070392
Portlandite  (*)BruciteCa(OH)2240010104107027,107034,107039,10704051
Potassic-mangani-leakeite  (*)AmphiboleKNa2(Mg2Mn3+2Li)Si8O22(OH)210541042.211070342
Prehnite  (*)PrehniteCa2Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)2240010102107038,1070401898
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2240010106107030,107034,107039,107040,107041,10704339462
Pyrochroite  (*)BruciteMn2+(OH)224001042.23107034,107039,10704056
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO224001042.24107027,107032,107034,1070433106
Pyrophanite  (*)CorundumMn2+TiO310541042.21107034244
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO22400101011107023,107027,107032,107033,107034,107037,107039,107040,107041,107043,10704661156
Ramsdellite  (*)RamsdelliteMnO224001042.2110703388
Ranciéite  (*)None(Ca,Mn2+)0.2(Mn4+,Mn3+)O2·0.6H2O24001042.21107033177
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)24001042.28107027,107033,107034,107039,107040,107041,107043,1070461711
Rhodonite  (*)RhodoniteCaMn3Mn(Si5O15)10541042.21107034969
Richterite  (*)AmphiboleNa(NaCa)Mg5Si8O22(OH)2240010102107034,107040148
Riebeckite  (*)Amphibole   Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2240010100375
Romanèchite  (*)None(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O1024001042.21107043312
Ruizite  (*)RuiziteCa2Mn3+2Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O24001042.23107034,107039,1070406
Saponite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Ca,Na)0.3(Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O240010101107040301
Schizolite  (*)PectoliteNaCaMnSi3O8(OH)24001042.22107034,10704010
Scottyite  (*)Not in a structural groupBaCu2Si2O71054101011070345
Serandite  (*)PectoliteNaMn2+2Si3O8(OH)10541042.2110703438
Shigaite  (*)Woodwardite HydrotalciteMn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2·6H2O24001042.23107034,107038,1070397
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)2400101006417
Sogdianite  (*)MilariteKZr2Li3Si12O301054101011070343
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS240010102107034,10704021482
Stevensite  (*)Clay(Ca,Na)xMg3-ySi4O10(OH)224001010057
Stilpnomelane  (*)Stilpnomelane Clay(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36·nH2O240010100456
Strontianite  (*)AragoniteSr(CO3)105410101107034589
Strontioruizite  (*)RuiziteSr2Mn3+2Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O24001042.211070411
Sturmanite  (*)EttringiteCa6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12·25H2O240010105107034,107039,107040,107041,1070456
Sugilite  (*)MilariteKNa2Fe3+2(Li3Si12)O3010541042.24107034,107039,107040,10704115
Sussexite  (*)NoneMn2+BO2(OH)24001042.22107033,10704025
Taikanite  (*)NoneBaSr2Mn3+2O2(Si4O12)10541042.211070343
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)22400101011070433337
Taniajacoite  (*)RuiziteSrCaMn3+2Si4O11(OH)4·2H2O24001042.211070411
Tephroite  (*)OlivineMn2+2(SiO4)24001042.22107034,107040240
Tetraferriannite  (*)MicaKFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)210541010110703410
Thaumasite  (*)EttringiteCa3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)·12H2O240010103107034,107039,107040183
Thomsonite-Ca  (*)ThomsoniteNaCa2(Al5Si5)O20·6H2O105410101107034452
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O2400101004899
Tobermorite  (*)TobermoriteCa4Si6O17(H2O)2·(Ca·3H2O)105410101107034114
Todorokite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12·3-4H2O24001042.27107023,107029,107032,107033,107040,107043,107046433
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)22400101002562
Tridymite  (*)TridymiteSiO2240010101107043458
Tweddillite  (*)Clinozoisite EpidoteCaSrMn3+2Al(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)10541042.211070344
Vaterite  (*)NoneCa(CO3)10541010110703437
Vesuvianite  (*)Vesuvianite(Ca,Na)19(Al,Mg,Fe)13(SiO4)10(Si2O7)4(OH,F,O)10240010103107034,107039,1070401395
Vonbezingite  (*)NoneCa6Cu3(SO4)3(OH)12·2H2O1054101011070341
Vuagnatite  (*)AdeliteCaAlSiO4(OH)10541010110703414
Wesselsite  (*)GillespiteSrCuSi4O101054101011070341
Wollastonite  (*)WollastoniteCaSiO31054101011070341247
Xonotlite  (*)NoneCa6Si6O17(OH)2240010104107027,107034,107040,107041109
Zoisite  (*)EpidoteCa2Al3[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)1054101011070341025


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Scott-AM88_189-0001mine


5 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Scott-EPSL298_125-0001240022002400-2200Fe isotopeage of deposition     Mn54254Adams Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South AfricaAdams MineTsikos et Al. (2010)10.1016/j.epsl.2010.07.032EPSL298_125Within age bracket for the deposition of the Hotazel sediments
Alexandra-0130104010101040-1010Ar-ArAge of mineral crystallizationnorrishite   Norrishite  3071Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South AfricaWessels Mine ( Wessel's Mine)Gnos et al. (2003)10.2138/am-2003-0122AM88_189 
Grew_Li_2019_0050101010101010      Lavinskyite 3071Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South AfricaWessels mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa (type)Cairncross and Beukes (2013) BOOK_KMF_2013 
Grew_Li_2019_0103101010101010      Sugilite 3071Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South AfricaWessels and N'Chwaning mines, Kalahari manganese field, South AfricaGnos et al. (2003); Cairncross and Beukes (2013)   
Scott-AM88_189-000110541042.21048.1±5.9Ar-ArAge of mineral crystallizationsugilite   Sugilite Mn3071Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South AfricaWessels Mine ( Wessel's Mine)Gnos et al. (2003)10.2138/am-2003-0122AM88_189 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R120029Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R120029
R150126Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R150126
R120156Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R120156
R120088Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R120088
R070471Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R070471
R050675Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R050675
R130039Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R130039
R130713Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R130713
R150013Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R150013
R110012Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R110012
R120057Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R120057
R141115Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R141115
R070269Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R070269
R060379Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R060379
R120109Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R120109
R141210Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R141210
R140947Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R140947
R070265Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R070265
R130089Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R130089
R080080Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R080080
R130787Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R130787
R120077Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R120077
R141116Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R141116
R070623Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R070623
R120125Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R120125
R120019Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R120019
R060253N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R060253
R140275N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R140275
R100162N'Chwaning I Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R100162
R050088N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R050088
R060512N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R060512
R060473N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R060473
R060377N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R060377
R050144N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R050144
R050177N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R050177
R070210N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R070210
R100045N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R100045
R060296N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R060296
FKM-173N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://www.rockptx.com/fkm-151-to-fkm-175/#FKM-173
R090057N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R090057
R100208N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R100208
R120170N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R120170
R140946N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R140946
R130754N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R130754
R140945N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R140945
R160085N'Chwaning III Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Kuruman, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R160085

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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