Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Lehigh Co., Pennsylvania, USA

Oldest recorded age at locality: 485
Youngest recorded age at locality: 470

mindat Locality ID: 24187
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-24187.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Lehigh Co., Pennsylvania, USA": 38
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 23

Number of Child Localities: 14
Child Localities:
Allentown
Bethlehem
Catasauqua
Coopersburg Borough
Emmaus
Ironton
Lower Macungie Township
Lower Milford Township
Salisbury Township
Slatington
Upper Milford Township
Upper Saucon Township
Wescosville
Whitehall Township

Latitude: 40°34'8"N
Longitude: 75°27'26"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 40.568888888889,-75.457222222222

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Allanite	Allophane	Apatite	Aragonite	Bastnäsite	Calcite	Clay	Corundum	Diaspore	Epidote
Epsomite	Feldspar	Hexahydrite	Kaolinite	Lanthanite	Malachite	Marcasite	Melanterite	Mica	Molybdenite
None	Not in a structural group	Prehnite	Pyrite	Quartz	Rutile	Smectite-vermiculite	Sphalerite	Spinel	Titanite
Tourmaline	Wurtzite	Zircon

Albite ()*	Allanite-(Ce) ()*	Allophane ()*	Aragonite ()*	Bastnäsite-(Ce) ()*
Bianchite ()*	Calcite ()*	Corundum ()*	Cuprite ()*	Dolomite ()*
Fluorapatite ()*	Goethite ()*	Goslarite ()*	Graphite ()*	Greenockite ()*
Hematite ()*	Hemimorphite ()*	Hydrozincite ()*	Ilmenite ()*	Kaolinite ()*
Lanthanite-(La) ()*	Magnetite ()*	Malachite ()*	Marcasite ()*	Melanterite ()*
Molybdenite ()*	Muscovite ()*	Nontronite ()*	Prehnite ()*	Pyrite ()*
Pyrolusite ()*	Quartz ()*	Sauconite ()*	Schorl ()*	Siderite ()*
Smithsonite ()*	Sphalerite ()*	Spinel ()*	Thorite ()*	Titanite ()*
Zircon ()*

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al B C Ca Cd Ce Cu F Fe H K La Mg Mn Mo Na O P S Si Th Ti Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al H K Na O Si

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Allanite Allophane Apatite Aragonite Bastnäsite Calcite Clay Corundum Diaspore Epidote
Epsomite Feldspar Hexahydrite Kaolinite Lanthanite Malachite Marcasite Melanterite Mica Molybdenite
None Not in a structural group Prehnite Pyrite Quartz Rutile Smectite-vermiculite Sphalerite Spinel Titanite
Tourmaline Wurtzite Zircon

41 IMA Minerals at location:

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	485	470	0		8803
Allanite-(Ce) ()*	Allanite Epidote	CaCe(Al₂Fe²⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)			1	263048	706
Allophane ()*	Allophane	Al₂O₃(SiO₂)_1.3-2.0·2.5-3.0H₂O	485	470	2	263047,263076	470
Aragonite ()*	Aragonite	Ca(CO₃)	485	470	2	263077,263081	3250
Bastnäsite-(Ce) ()*	Bastnäsite	Ce(CO₃)F			1	263048	304
Bianchite ()*	Hexahydrite	Zn(SO₄)·6H₂O	485	470	1	263081	40
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	485	470	3	263077,263081,263084	27770
Corundum ()*	Corundum	Al₂O₃			1	263069	1797
Cuprite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₂O			1	263049	2970
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	485	470	2	263077,263081	9895
Fluorapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F			1	263053	2740
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)			3	263056,263060,263065	7437
Goslarite ()*	Epsomite	Zn(SO₄)·7H₂O	485	470	2	263077,263081	188
Graphite ()*	None	C			1	263071	2812
Greenockite ()*	Wurtzite	CdS	485	470	2	263077,263081	717
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃			1	263058	14640
Hemimorphite ()*	Not in a structural group	Zn₄(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂·H₂O	485	470	5	263077,263078,263079,263080,263081	1689
Hydrozincite ()*	None	Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆	485	470	2	263077,263081	1066
Ilmenite ()*	Corundum	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺O₃			1	263069	5433
Kaolinite ()*	Clay Kaolinite	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	485	470	1	263081	5591
Lanthanite-(La) ()*	Lanthanite	La₂(CO₃)₃·8H₂O	485	470	2	263051,263081	10
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄			3	263056,263069,263072	14899
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	485	470	1	263076	12537
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂	485	470	1	263081	5674
Melanterite ()*	Melanterite	Fe(SO₄)·7H₂O	485	470	1	263081	915
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂			1	263072	5800
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	485	470	0		17380
Nontronite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	Na_0.3Fe³⁺₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O			2	263047,263065	471
Prehnite ()*	Prehnite	Ca₂Al(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂			1	263055	1898
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	485	470	4	263048,263071,263077,263081	39462
Pyrolusite ()*	Rutile	MnO₂	485	470	2	263065,263077	3106
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	485	470	4	263073,263077,263081,263084	61156
Sauconite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	Na_0.3Zn₃(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₂·4H₂O	485	470	3	263077,263078,263081	56
Schorl ()*	Tourmaline	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)			1	263069	2705
Siderite ()*	Calcite	Fe(CO₃)			1	263060	6417
Smithsonite ()*	Calcite	Zn(CO₃)	485	470	2	263077,263081	2473
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	485	470	3	263077,263078,263081	21482
Spinel ()*	Spinel	MgAl₂O₄	485	470	2	263069,263077	1934
Thorite ()*	Zircon	Th(SiO₄)			1	263048	1006
Titanite ()*	Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O			1	263048	4899
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)			1	263048	5251

1 Ages assigned to this locality:

	Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Run Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
	sedexmvt-00224	485	470	Early Ordovician		host rock age									4091	Friedensville Mine, Friedensville, Saucon Valley, Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh Co., Pennsylvania, USA	Friedensville	Taylor et al. (2009)		USGSOFR2009_1297

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...