Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Christiana Mine, Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines), Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza), Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece

Oldest recorded age at locality: 20.2
Youngest recorded age at locality: 3.6

mindat Locality ID: 1933
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-1933.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Christiana Mine, Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines), Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza), Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece": 1
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 1

Number of Child Localities: 1
Child Localities:
Shaft No. 132 (Christiana 132)

Latitude: 37°44'0"N
Longitude: 24°1'7"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): 37.733333333333,24.018611111111

AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Ba C Ca Ce Cl Cu F Fe H K La Mg Mn Na Nd O P Pb S Sb Si Sr Y Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Ag Al As Ba C Ca Cl Cu Fe H K Mg Mn Na O P Pb S Sb Si Sr Y Zn 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AdeliteAllophaneAluniteAndalusiteApatiteAragoniteArseniosideriteArsenopyriteArthuriteBaryte
BastnäsiteBournoniteBrackebuschiteBrochantiteCalciteCarminiteChalcoalumiteChalcopyriteChenevixiteChlorite
ChukhroviteClayConnelliteCopperCoronaditeCorundumCyanotrichiteDevillineDiasporeFairfieldite
FluoriteGypsumHexahydriteHydrotalciteKaoliniteKoritnigiteKtenasiteLinariteMalachiteMarcasite
MedenbachiteMixiteMurdochiteNatrochalciteNoneNot in a structural groupPharmacosideritePhilipsburgitePyritePyrochlore
QuartzRocksaltRutileSepioliteSerpentineSmectite-vermiculiteSpangoliteSphaleriteSulphurSymplesite
TarbuttiteTetrahedriteVivianiteWoodwardite

139 IMA Minerals at location:
Adamite  (*)Agardite-(Ce)  (*)Agardite-(La)  (*)Agardite-(Y)  (*)Allophane  (*)
Alunite  (*)Anglesite  (*)Ankerite  (*)Aragonite  (*)Argentojarosite  (*)
Arsendescloizite  (*)Arseniosiderite  (*)Arsenocrandallite  (*)Arsenogorceixite  (*)Arsenogoyazite  (*)
Arsenopyrite  (*)Arsentsumebite  (*)Arthurite  (*)Attikaite  (*)Auriacusite  (*)
Aurichalcite  (*)Austinite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baileychlore  (*)Bariopharmacosiderite  (*)
Baryte  (*)Bastnäsite-(La)  (*)Beidellite  (*)Bendadaite  (*)Beudantite  (*)
Bianchite  (*)Bindheimite  (*)Bournonite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Calcite  (*)
Carbonatecyanotrichite  (*)Carminite  (*)Cerussite  (*)Chalcoalumite  (*)Chalcophanite  (*)
Chalcopyrite  (*)Chenevixite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Chukhrovite-(Ca)  (*)Conichalcite  (*)
Connellite  (*)Copper  (*)Corkite  (*)Cornwallite  (*)Creedite  (*)
Cryptomelane  (*)Cuprite  (*)Cyanotrichite  (*)Devilline  (*)Dolomite  (*)
Duftite  (*)Feinglosite  (*)Fluorite  (*)Fraipontite  (*)Gaitite  (*)
Galena  (*)Gartrellite  (*)Gearksutite  (*)Geminite  (*)Gibbsite  (*)
Glaucocerinite  (*)Goethite  (*)Gorceixite  (*)Gordaite  (*)Goudeyite  (*)
Gypsum  (*)Halite  (*)Helmutwinklerite  (*)Hematite  (*)Hidalgoite  (*)
Hinsdalite  (*)Halloysite-10Å  (*)Hydroniumjarosite  (*)Jamesite  (*)Jarosite  (*)
Koritnigite  (*)Köttigite  (*)Ktenasite  (*)Kyrgyzstanite  (*)Lavendulan  (*)
Leadhillite  (*)Legrandite  (*)Linarite  (*)Ludjibaite  (*)Mahnertite  (*)
Malachite  (*)Mapimite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Mawbyite  (*)Mimetite  (*)
Murdochite  (*)Namuwite  (*)Natrojarosite  (*)Natropharmacosiderite  (*)Ojuelaite  (*)
Olivenite  (*)Paradamite  (*)Parnauite  (*)Pharmacosiderite  (*)Philipsbornite  (*)
Philipsburgite  (*)Pitticite  (*)Plattnerite  (*)Plumboagardite  (*)Prosopite  (*)
Pyrite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)Quartz  (*)Romanèchite  (*)Rosasite  (*)
Sarmientite  (*)Sauconite  (*)Scorodite  (*)Segnitite  (*)Sepiolite  (*)
Serpierite  (*)Siderite  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Spangolite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)
Sulphur  (*)Symplesite  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Thometzekite  (*)Todorokite  (*)
Tripuhyite  (*)Tsumcorite  (*)Warikahnite  (*)Yaroslavite  (*)Yukonite  (*)
Zaccagnaite  (*)Zálesíite  (*)Zincolivenite  (*)Zincowoodwardite  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Adamite  (*)AndalusiteZn2(AsO4)(OH)20.23.6163930254
Agardite-(Ce)  (*)MixiteCeCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O20.23.616393043
Agardite-(La)  (*)MixiteLaCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O20.23.616393033
Agardite-(Y)  (*)MixiteYCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O20.23.6090
Allophane  (*)AllophaneAl2O3(SiO2)1.3-2.0·2.5-3.0H2O20.23.6163930470
Alunite  (*)NoneKAl3(SO4)2(OH)620.23.60966
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)20.23.61639302734
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)220.23.603092
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)20.23.61639303250
Argentojarosite  (*)AluniteAgFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)620.23.6058
Arsendescloizite  (*)AdelitePbZn(AsO4)(OH)20.23.616393020
Arseniosiderite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3O2(AsO4)3·3H2O20.23.6163930194
Arsenocrandallite  (*)AluniteCaAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)620.23.616393012
Arsenogorceixite  (*)AluniteBaAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)620.23.6015
Arsenogoyazite  (*)AluniteSrAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)620.23.616393021
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS20.23.609052
Arsentsumebite  (*)BrackebuschitePb2Cu(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)20.23.616393037
Arthurite  (*)ArthuriteCuFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2·4H2O20.23.616393035
Attikaite  (*)NoneCa3Cu2Al2(AsO4)4(OH)4·2H2O20.23.61639302
Auriacusite  (*)AndalusiteFe3+Cu2+(AsO4)O20.23.606
Aurichalcite  (*)None(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)620.23.60919
Austinite  (*)AdeliteCaZn(AsO4)(OH)20.23.6071
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)220.23.61639305509
Baileychlore  (*)Chlorite Clay(Zn,Fe2+,Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)820.23.6016
Bariopharmacosiderite  (*)PharmacosideriteBa0.5Fe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·5H2O20.23.6163930150
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)20.23.6011547
Bastnäsite-(La)  (*)BastnäsiteLa(CO3)F20.23.616393030
Beidellite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O20.23.6085
Bendadaite  (*)ArthuriteFe2+Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2·4H2O20.23.6010
Beudantite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)620.23.6163930413
Bianchite  (*)HexahydriteZn(SO4)·6H2O20.23.6040
Bindheimite  (*)PyrochlorePb2Sb5+2O720.23.6163930450
Bournonite  (*)BournoniteCuPbSbS320.23.61639301089
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)620.23.601633
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)20.23.616393027770
Carbonatecyanotrichite  (*)CyanotrichiteCu4Al2(CO3)(OH)12·2H2O20.23.6088
Carminite  (*)CarminitePbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)220.23.6163930178
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)20.23.61639304979
Chalcoalumite  (*)ChalcoalumiteCuAl4(SO4)(OH)12·3H2O20.23.616393091
Chalcophanite  (*)NoneZnMn4+3O7·3H2O20.23.60197
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS220.23.6027198
Chenevixite  (*)ChenevixiteCuFe3+(AsO4)(OH)220.23.616393090
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O20.23.61639303531
Chukhrovite-(Ca)  (*)ChukhroviteCa3Ca1.5Al2(SO4)F13·12H2O20.23.61639303
Conichalcite  (*)AdeliteCaCu(AsO4)(OH)20.23.6163930363
Connellite  (*)ConnelliteCu36(SO4)(OH)62Cl8·6H2O20.23.6163930295
Copper  (*)CopperCu20.23.603846
Corkite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)620.23.60151
Cornwallite  (*)NoneCu5(AsO4)2(OH)420.23.6163930175
Creedite  (*)NoneCa3Al2(SO4)(OH)2F8·2H2O20.23.616393048
Cryptomelane  (*)CoronaditeK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O1620.23.60599
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O20.23.602970
Cyanotrichite  (*)CyanotrichiteCu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12(H2O)220.23.6163930179
Devilline  (*)DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O20.23.60366
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)220.23.609895
Duftite  (*)AdelitePbCu(AsO4)(OH)20.23.6163930220
Feinglosite  (*)BrackebuschitePb2Zn(AsO4)2·H2O20.23.602
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF220.23.61639309617
Fraipontite  (*)Clay Serpentine(Zn,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)420.23.6049
Gaitite  (*)FairfielditeCa2Zn(AsO4)2·2H2O20.23.61639307
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS20.23.616393024243
Gartrellite  (*)NonePbCuFe3+(AsO4)2(OH)·H2O20.23.616393041
Gearksutite  (*)NoneCaAlF4(OH)·H2O20.23.616393068
Geminite  (*)NoneCu2+(AsO3OH)·H2O20.23.61639309
Gibbsite  (*)NoneAl(OH)320.23.60504
Glaucocerinite  (*)Woodwardite Hydrotalcite(Zn1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n > 3x/2)20.23.6020
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)20.23.61639307437
Gorceixite  (*)AluniteBaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)620.23.60121
Gordaite  (*)KtenasiteNaZn4(SO4)(OH)6Cl·6H2O20.23.6017
Goudeyite  (*)MixiteCu6Al(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O20.23.6019
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O20.23.61639306890
Halite  (*)RocksaltNaCl20.23.601398
Helmutwinklerite  (*)NonePbZn2(AsO4)2·2H2O20.23.61639302
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O320.23.6014640
Hidalgoite  (*)AlunitePbAl3(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)620.23.616393057
Hinsdalite  (*)AlunitePbAl3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)620.23.6082
Halloysite-10Å  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)4·2H2O20.23.6062
Hydroniumjarosite  (*)Alunite(H3O)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)620.23.6065
Jamesite  (*)NonePb2ZnFe3+2(Fe3+,Zn)4(AsO4)4(OH)8(OH,O)220.23.61639304
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)620.23.61639302228
Koritnigite  (*)KoritnigiteZn(AsO3OH)·H2O20.23.61639308
Köttigite  (*)VivianiteZn3(AsO4)2·8H2O20.23.616393060
Ktenasite  (*)Ktenasite DevillineZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·6H2O20.23.6075
Kyrgyzstanite  (*)ChalcoalumiteZnAl4(SO4)(OH)12·3H2O20.23.606
Lavendulan  (*)NoneNaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl·5H2O20.23.60149
Leadhillite  (*)NonePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)220.23.60265
Legrandite  (*)NoneZn2(AsO4)(OH)·H2O20.23.616393020
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)220.23.6163930987
Ludjibaite  (*)MedenbachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)420.23.6012
Mahnertite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K)Cu3(AsO4)2Cl·5H2O20.23.61639305
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)220.23.616393012537
Mapimite  (*)NoneZn2Fe3+3(AsO4)3(OH)4·10H2O20.23.602
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS220.23.605674
Mawbyite  (*)NatrochalcitePbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)220.23.616393019
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl20.23.61639301107
Murdochite  (*)MurdochiteCu12Pb2O15Cl220.23.6034
Namuwite  (*)KtenasiteZn4(SO4)(OH)6·4H2O20.23.6058
Natrojarosite  (*)AluniteNaFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)620.23.60254
Natropharmacosiderite  (*)PharmacosideriteNaFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·4H2O20.23.6013
Ojuelaite  (*)ArthuriteZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2·4H2O20.23.61639307
Olivenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(AsO4)(OH)20.23.6163930492
Paradamite  (*)TarbuttiteZn2(AsO4)(OH)20.23.61639306
Parnauite  (*)NoneCu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10·7H2O20.23.60105
Pharmacosiderite  (*)PharmacosideriteKFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·6-7H2O20.23.6163930428
Philipsbornite  (*)AlunitePbAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)620.23.616393051
Philipsburgite  (*)PhilipsburgiteCu5Zn(AsO4)(PO4)(OH)6·H2O20.23.6031
Pitticite  (*)None[Fe,AsO4,SO4,H2O] (?)20.23.6163930140
Plattnerite  (*)RutilePbO220.23.60158
Plumboagardite  (*)Mixite(Pb,REE,Ca)Cu6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O20.23.61639307
Prosopite  (*)NoneCaAl2F4(OH)420.23.616393039
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS220.23.616393039462
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl20.23.601725
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO220.23.616393061156
Romanèchite  (*)None(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O1020.23.60312
Rosasite  (*)MalachiteCuZn(CO3)(OH)220.23.60454
Sarmientite  (*)NoneFe3+2(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)·5H2O20.23.608
Sauconite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculiteNa0.3Zn3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·4H2O20.23.6056
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O20.23.61639301153
Segnitite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)620.23.6163930134
Sepiolite  (*)Sepiolite ClayMg4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O20.23.60241
Serpierite  (*)DevillineCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O20.23.60292
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)20.23.606417
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)20.23.61639302473
Spangolite  (*)SpangoliteCu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl·3H2O20.23.6163930105
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS20.23.6021482
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS20.23.61639302045
Symplesite  (*)SymplesiteFe2+3(AsO4)2·8H2O20.23.6092
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S1320.23.605317
Thometzekite  (*)NatrochalcitePbCu2+2(AsO4)2·2H2O20.23.616393010
Todorokite  (*)None(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12·3-4H2O20.23.60433
Tripuhyite  (*)RutileFe3+Sb5+O420.23.616393066
Tsumcorite  (*)NatrochalcitePbZn2(AsO4)2·2H2O20.23.616393029
Warikahnite  (*)NoneZn3(AsO4)2·2H2O20.23.61639303
Yaroslavite  (*)NoneCa3Al2F10(OH)2·H2O20.23.61639302
Yukonite  (*)NoneCa2Fe3+3(AsO4)3(OH)4·4H2O20.23.616393029
Zaccagnaite  (*)HydrotalciteZn4Al2(OH)12(CO3)·3H2O20.23.606
Zálesíite  (*)MixiteCaCu6(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)(OH)6·3H2O20.23.616393084
Zincolivenite  (*)AndalusiteCuZn(AsO4)(OH)20.23.616393060
Zincowoodwardite  (*)Woodwardite Hydrotalcite(Zn1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2·nH2O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2)20.23.6012



2 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Kristen00252620.23.611.9±8.3 age of ore formation   Yes Pb, Zn, Ag14187Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, GreeceLavrionLiati et al. (2009)10.1017/S0016756809006438GM146_732 
sedznpb-0021210710–7     Yes  1942Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, GreeceLauriumSinger et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1252 


SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R070217Christiana Mine, Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines), Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza), Lavrion District Mines, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greecehttps://rruff.info/R070217


All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...

Other copyright data...