Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South Africa

Oldest recorded age at locality: 1590
Youngest recorded age at locality: 0

mindat Locality ID: 260452
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-260452.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South Africa": 32
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 27

Number of Child Localities: 17
Child Localities:
Bronkhorstspruit
Cullinan
Dwarsvlei Mine
Edendale Lead Mine
Franzpoort Mine
Hammanskraal
Hennops River
Nevada Mine
Pretoria
Rhenosterspruit Mine
Roodekrans
Roodekrans Mine
Salt Pan Crater (Tswaing Crater)
Silver Hill Mine
Uitkomst Mine
Union Mine
Vergenoeg Mine

Latitude: 25°46'21"S
Longitude: 28°6'34"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -25.7725,28.109444444444
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba Bi C Ca Ce Cl Co Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Mo N Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Si Sn Ti U V Y Zn 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AllophaneAluniteAmorphousAmphiboleAndalusiteApatiteApophylliteAragoniteArsenoliteArsenopyrite
AutuniteBaryteBrochantiteCalciteChalcanthiteChalcopyriteChloriteClayCobaltiteCopper
CoquimbiteCoronaditeCorundumCovelliteDescloiziteDiamondDiasporeFeldsparFluoceriteFluorite
GypsumKaoliniteLepidocrociteLinariteMalachiteMarcasiteMeliliteMicaMiniumMixite
MolybdeniteMonaziteNickelineNoneNot in a structural groupOlivinePentlanditePerovskitePrehnitePyrite
PyrochlorePyrosmalitePyroxeneQuartzRocksaltRutileSerpentineSmectite-vermiculiteSphaleriteSpinel
StibniteStilpnomelaneSulphurTetrahedriteTitaniteTourmalineZircon

116 IMA Minerals at location:
Actinolite  (*)Albite  (*)Anglesite  (*)Ankerite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)
Aurichalcite  (*)Autunite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baryte  (*)Beudantite  (*)
Bismuthinite  (*)Bornite  (*)Brianyoungite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Cacoxenite  (*)
Calcite  (*)Cassiterite  (*)Cebollite  (*)Cerianite-(Ce)  (*)Cerussite  (*)
Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcopyrite  (*)Chamosite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)
Chrysotile  (*)Clinochlore  (*)Cobaltite  (*)Coesite  (*)Copper  (*)
Covellite  (*)Cryptomelane  (*)Cuprite  (*)Descloizite  (*)Diamond  (*)
Diaspore  (*)Diopside  (*)Dioptase  (*)Dolomite  (*)Doyleite  (*)
Enstatite  (*)Fayalite  (*)Ferro-actinolite  (*)Fluocerite-(Ce)  (*)Fluorapatite  (*)
Fluorapophyllite-(K)  (*)Fluorite  (*)Forsterite  (*)Franklinite  (*)Galena  (*)
Gaylussite  (*)Gearksutite  (*)Goethite  (*)Gold  (*)Graphite  (*)
Greenalite  (*)Grunerite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Halite  (*)Hematite  (*)
Hemimorphite  (*)Hollandite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Jarosite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)
Koechlinite  (*)Leadhillite  (*)Lepidocrocite  (*)Linarite  (*)Maghemite  (*)
Magnetite  (*)Malachite  (*)Marcasite  (*)Microcline  (*)Mimetite  (*)
Minium  (*)Mixite  (*)Molybdenite  (*)Monazite-(Ce)  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)
Mottramite  (*)Muscovite  (*)Nitrocalcite  (*)Nontronite  (*)Olivenite  (*)
Opal  (*)Orthoclase  (*)Paracoquimbite  (*)Pentlandite  (*)Perovskite  (*)
Petersite-(Y)  (*)Prehnite  (*)Prosopite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)
Pyromorphite  (*)Pyrosmalite-(Fe)  (*)Pyrrhotite  (*)Quartz  (*)Rosasite  (*)
Schorl  (*)Senarmontite  (*)Siderite  (*)Silver  (*)Sphalerite  (*)
Spinel  (*)Stibiconite  (*)Stibnite  (*)Stilpnomelane  (*)Sulphur  (*)
Susannite  (*)Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Titanite  (*)Titanomaghemite  (*)Trona  (*)
Xenotime-(Y)  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe2+0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)21274113011061803419
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)11061848803
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)11061842734
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)211061943092
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS159012102106175,1062039052
Aurichalcite  (*)None(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6159012101106203919
Autunite  (*)AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O1590121011062031272
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2159012102106194,1062035509
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)159012102106184,10620311547
Beudantite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6159012101106203413
Bismuthinite  (*)StibniteBi2S311061751935
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS41590121011062035516
Brianyoungite  (*)NoneZn3(CO3)(OH)4110618479
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)61590121011062031633
Cacoxenite  (*)NoneFe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12·75H2O159012101106203280
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)159011303106180,106184,10620327770
Cassiterite  (*)RutileSnO21590121011062035171
Cebollite  (*)MeliliteCa5Al2(SiO4)3(OH)4110618213
Cerianite-(Ce)  (*)FluoriteCeO215901210110620394
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)159012102106184,1062034979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O159012101106203925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S1590121011062035707
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2159012104106173,106184,106194,10620327198
Chamosite  (*)Chlorite Clay(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8159012101106203577
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O1590121011062033531
Chrysotile  (*)Serpentine ClayMg3Si2O5(OH)41106184951
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)81590121011062031756
Cobaltite  (*)CobaltiteCoAsS1106184966
Coesite  (*)Not in a structural groupSiO214000110619977
Copper  (*)CopperCu11061943846
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS159012102106184,1062034165
Cryptomelane  (*)CoronaditeK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16159012101106203599
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O1590121011062032970
Descloizite  (*)DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)1106184378
Diamond  (*)DiamondC127411301106180697
Diaspore  (*)DiasporeAlO(OH)159012101106203481
Diopside  (*)PyroxeneCaMgSi2O61274113011061804135
Dioptase  (*)NoneCuSiO3·H2O159012101106203164
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)211061849895
Doyleite  (*)NoneAl(OH)315901210110620315
Enstatite  (*)PyroxeneMg2Si2O6127411301106180944
Fayalite  (*)OlivineFe2+2(SiO4)159012101106203371
Ferro-actinolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg2.5-0.0Fe2+2.5-5.0)Si8O22(OH)2159012101106203129
Fluocerite-(Ce)  (*)FluoceriteCeF315901210110620345
Fluorapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3F1590121011062032740
Fluorapophyllite-(K)  (*)ApophylliteKCa4Si8O20F·8H2O127411301106180303
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF21590121011062039617
Forsterite  (*)OlivineMg2(SiO4)1274113011061801188
Franklinite  (*)SpinelZnFe3+2O4110618452
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS159012103106184,106198,10620324243
Gaylussite  (*)NoneNa2Ca(CO3)2·5H2O14000110619957
Gearksutite  (*)NoneCaAlF4(OH)·H2O15901210110620368
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)159012103106184,106191,1062037437
Gold  (*)CopperAu2106173,10619430554
Graphite  (*)NoneC1274113011061802812
Greenalite  (*)Clay Serpentine(Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)415901210110620361
Grunerite  (*)Amphibole   Fe2+2Fe2+5Si8O22(OH)2159012101106203223
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O159012102106184,1062036890
Halite  (*)RocksaltNaCl1400011061991398
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O3159012102106184,10620314640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O11061841689
Hollandite  (*)CoronaditeBa(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16159012101106203243
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O3159011302106180,1062035433
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)61590121011062032228
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)41590121011062035591
Koechlinite  (*)NoneBi2MoO615901210110620339
Leadhillite  (*)NonePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)21106184265
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)159012101106203581
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)21106184987
Maghemite  (*)Spinel(Fe3+0.67   0.33)Fe3+2O4159012101106203229
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O4159012102106184,10620314899
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2159012103106194,106197,10620312537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS21590121011062035674
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)1590121011062034924
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl11061841107
Minium  (*)MiniumPb2+2Pb4+O41106184247
Mixite  (*)MixiteCu6Bi(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O159012101106203168
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS21590121011062035800
Monazite-(Ce)  (*)MonaziteCe(PO4)159012101106203945
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O11061841508
Mottramite  (*)DescloizitePbCu(VO4)(OH)1106184362
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2159012102106184,10620317380
Nitrocalcite  (*)NoneCa(NO3)2·4H2O15901210110620346
Nontronite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculiteNa0.3Fe3+2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·nH2O1106184471
Olivenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(AsO4)(OH)159012101106203492
Opal  (*)AmorphousSiO2·nH2O1590121011062032994
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)11061842349
Paracoquimbite  (*)CoquimbiteFe3+4(SO4)6(H2O)12·6H2O110618430
Pentlandite  (*)Pentlandite(Ni,Fe)9S81590121011062031512
Perovskite  (*)PerovskiteCaTiO3126912291106180495
Petersite-(Y)  (*)MixiteCu6Y(PO4)3(OH)6·3H2O1590121011062038
Prehnite  (*)PrehniteCa2Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)21274113011061801898
Prosopite  (*)NoneCaAl2F4(OH)415901210110620339
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2159011303106180,106184,10620339462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO21590121011062033106
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl2106184,1061891725
Pyrosmalite-(Fe)  (*)Pyrosmalite ClayFe2+8Si6O15(OH)1015901210110620338
Pyrrhotite  (*)NickelineFe7S81590121011062039056
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO2159012105106184,106186,106187,106197,10620361156
Rosasite  (*)MalachiteCuZn(CO3)(OH)21106184454
Schorl  (*)TourmalineNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)1590121011062032705
Senarmontite  (*)ArsenoliteSb2O31106194179
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)159012104106173,106184,106194,1062036417
Silver  (*)CopperAg3106184,106194,1062005186
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS159012102106184,10620321482
Spinel  (*)SpinelMgAl2O41274113011061801934
Stibiconite  (*)PyrochloreSb3+Sb5+2O6(OH)1106194446
Stibnite  (*)StibniteSb2S311061943418
Stilpnomelane  (*)Stilpnomelane Clay(K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36·nH2O159012101106203456
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS1590121011062032045
Susannite  (*)NonePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2110618499
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S13159012103106173,106194,1062035317
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O1590121011062034899
Titanomaghemite  (*)Spinel(Ti0.5   0.5)Fe3+2O411061895
Trona  (*)NoneNa3(HCO3)(CO3)·2H2O140001106199129
Xenotime-(Y)  (*)ZirconY(PO4)159012101106203939


Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:
Age IDLocality Notes
Jen_0001027MAGMATIC STYLE: Dykes cutting kimberlite. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Kimberlite.
Jen_0001028MAGMATIC STYLE: Dykes cutting kimberlite. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Kimberlite.
Jen_0001029MAGMATIC STYLE: Dykes cutting kimberlite. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Kimberlite.
Jen_0001030MAGMATIC STYLE: Dykes cutting kimberlite. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Kimberlite.
Jen_0001031MAGMATIC STYLE: Dykes cutting kimberlite. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Kimberlite.
Jen_0001129MAGMATIC STYLE: Blocks associated with meteorite impact structure. ASSOCIATED SILICATE ROCKS: Blocks of granite, syenite, nepheline syenite, porphyry and augitite also occur.
Jen_0001172MAGMATIC STYLE: Blocks associated with meteorite impact structure. Blocks of granite, syenite, nepheline syenite, porphyry and augitite also occur.


8 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
Jen_0001027120012001200        16970Cullinan Mine (Premier Mine), Cullinan, Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South AfricaPremier MineWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796 
Jen_0001028126912291249±20U-Pb perovskite   Perovskite  16970Cullinan Mine (Premier Mine), Cullinan, Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South AfricaPremier MineWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796 
Jen_0001029127411301202±72U-Pb       16970Cullinan Mine (Premier Mine), Cullinan, Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South AfricaPremier MineWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796 
Jen_0001030121311491181±32Rb-Sr       16970Cullinan Mine (Premier Mine), Cullinan, Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South AfricaPremier MineWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796 
Jen_0001031119911591179±20Sm-Nd       16970Cullinan Mine (Premier Mine), Cullinan, Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South AfricaPremier MineWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796 
Jen_0001129140012001200-1400        56875Salt Pan Crater (Tswaing Crater), Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South AfricaPretoria SaltpanWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796 
Jen_00011722.580The structure is certainly post-Karoo and probably QuaternaryGeology and geomorphology.       56875Salt Pan Crater (Tswaing Crater), Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South AfricaPretoria SaltpanWoolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)10.4095/225115GSCOF5796 
Mo-0027215901210 U-Pb     Koechlinite, MolybdeniteMo56211Vergenoeg Mine, Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South Africa Coertze et al. (1978); Crocker (1985); Walraven (1988)   

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R150106Cullinan Mine (Premier Mine), Cullinan, Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South Africahttps://rruff.info/R150106

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

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