Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

Ages for Violarite at South Africa

The cyan highlights indicate which age entries were selected as the "best" for assigning the mineral an age of 3640Ma - 1710Ma at this locality

Age range from children

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	Dated Locality ID	Dated Locality	Ref	Ref ID
Kristen002030	3640	3040				3086	Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa	de Wit et al. (1987)	JAES6_681
Michelle_493	1710	1710	Galena			54251	Pafuri Nickel Deposit, Vhembe District, Limpopo, South Africa	Breeman et al. (1966)	EPSL1_401

Mineralization age

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age applies to these Elements	Dated Locality ID	Dated Locality	Ref	Ref ID
EG105_1057_013	1100	1100	Ni,Cu,Pt,Pd,Rh,Ir,Os,Ru	56877	Jacomynspan Farm, Kenhardt, ZF Mgcawu District, Northern Cape, South Africa	Begg et al. (2010)	EG105_1057
EG105_1057_025	2050	2050	Ni,Cu,Pt,Pd,Rh,Ir,Os,Ru	3087	Mokopane (Potgietersrus), Mogalakwena, Waterberg District, Limpopo, South Africa	Begg et al. (2010)	EG105_1057
EG105_1057_026	2050	2050	Ni,Cu,Pt,Pd,Rh,Ir,Os,Ru	225030	Nkomati Mine, Uitkomst Complex, Waterval, Nkangala District, Mpumalanga, South Africa	Begg et al. (2010)	EG105_1057
Kristen002293	2970	2914	Co,Au,Ni	29065	West Rand District (West Rand), Gauteng, South Africa	Robb and Meyer (1995)	OGR10_67
Kristen002294	2894	2714	Co,Au,Ni	24624	Johannesburg District (Central Rand), Gauteng, South Africa	Robb and Meyer (1995)	OGR10_67
Kristen002295	3086	3074	Co,Au,Ni	269262	Dominion Reefs Mine, Klerksdorp, Dr Kenneth Kaunda District, North West, South Africa	Robb and Meyer (1995)	OGR10_67
Kristen002296	3074	2714	Co,Au,Ni	29348	Witwatersrand Goldfield, Gauteng, South Africa	Robb and Meyer (1995)	OGR10_67
Michelle_698	2063	2057	Ni,Cu	3063	Merensky Reef, Bojanala Platinum District, North West, South Africa	Hoatson et al. (2006)	OGR29_177

Locality age

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	Dated Locality ID	Dated Locality	Ref	Ref ID
Alexandra-0130	1040	1010	Norrishite			3071	Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa	Gnos et al. (2003)	AM88_189
Alexandra-0203	623.3	616.7	Sugilite		Mn	234320	Bruce Mine, Sishen, Kathu, Postmasburg Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa	Moore et al. (2011)	EJM23_661
Alexandra-0249	988	977.4			Ta,Nb	56220	Orange River, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Melcher et al. (2015)	OGR64_667
Alexandra-0250	984.7	978.1			Ta,Nb	56220	Orange River, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Melcher et al. (2015)	OGR64_667
Alexandra-0251	987.7	982.1			Ta,Nb	56220	Orange River, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Melcher et al. (2015)	OGR64_667
Be-00047	2969	2969		Beryl, Phenakite	Be	54193	Pala Kop, Letaba, Gravelotte, Murchison Range, Limpopo, South Africa	Poujol (2001)	JAES33_155
Bradley_2012_114	2915	2909				54201	Union Mine, Mica, Mopani District, Limpopo, South Africa	McCauley and Bradley (2014)	CM52_183
Bradley_2012_120	2906	2790	Zircon			26417	Gravelotte Emerald Mine, Gravelotte, Murchison Range, Limpopo, South Africa	McCauley and Bradley (2014)	CM52_183
CG455_148_0001	1405	1384	Titanite			27328	Pilanesberg Mtn, Pilanesberg Alkaline Complex, Bojanala Platinum District, North West, South Africa	Elburg (2017)	CG455_148
Cr-00003	2058	2058		Chromatite, Lopezite	Cr	31394	Waterberg Deposit, Naboomspruit (Mookgophong), Waterberg District, Limpopo, South Africa	Charlene	Charlene
Giersdorf_00000797	215	213				56313	Rietkuil, Beaufort West, Central Karoo District, Western Cape, South Africa	Bordy et al. (2005)	SAJG107_397
Giersdorf_00000798	246	217				56312	Beaufort West, Central Karoo District, Western Cape, South Africa	Bordy et al. (2005)	SAJG107_397
Giersdorf_00000799	263	253				236269	Central Karoo District, Western Cape, South Africa	Bordy et al. (2005)	SAJG107_397
Giersdorf_00000800	250	246				236269	Central Karoo District, Western Cape, South Africa	Bordy et al. (2005)	SAJG107_397
Giersdorf_00000801	218	212	Zircon			236269	Central Karoo District, Western Cape, South Africa	Bordy et al. (2005)	SAJG107_397
Giersdorf_00000802	261	259				57245	Eshowe, Uthungulu District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Bordy et al. (2005)	SAJG107_397
Giersdorf_00000803	250	244				236269	Central Karoo District, Western Cape, South Africa	Bordy et al. (2005)	SAJG107_397
Giersdorf_00000804	260	256				236269	Central Karoo District, Western Cape, South Africa	Bordy et al. (2005)	SAJG107_397
Grew_Li_2019_0050	1010	1010		Lavinskyite		3071	Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa	Cairncross and Beukes (2013)	BOOK_KMF_2013
Grew_Li_2019_0102	3050	3050		Spodumene		49536	New Consort Mine, Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa	Grew et al. (2018)	EJM30_205
Grew_Li_2019_0103	1010	1010		Sugilite		3071	Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa	Gnos et al. (2003); Cairncross and Beukes (2013)
Hg-00027	3043	3043		Cinnabar	Hg	3086	Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa	Pearton (1986); Cairncross (2004); Toulkeridis et al. (2010)
Hg-00063	2900	2900		Cinnabar, Hypercinnabar, Mercury, Metacinnabar, Eglestonite	Hg	16468	Monarch Cinnabar Mine, Gravelotte, Murchison Range, Limpopo, South Africa	Muff (1978); Davis et al. (1986); Boocock et al. (1988); Poujol et al. (1996); Schwarz-Schampera et al. (2010)
Hg-00085	2058	2058		Atheneite	Hg	26589	Bushveld Complex, South Africa	Melcher et al. (2005); Scoates and Friedman (2008); Olsson et al. (2010)
Hg-00099	2052	2036		Coloradoite, Temagamite	Hg	49415	Uitkomst Complex, Waterval, Nkangala District, Mpumalanga, South Africa	de Waal et al. (2001)	CM39_557
Jen_0000532	2060.6	2059				27708	Phalaborwa, Limpopo, South Africa	Ernst and Bell (2010)	MP98_55
Jen_0000533	2061.1	2060.1				27708	Phalaborwa, Limpopo, South Africa	Ernst and Bell (2010)	MP98_55
Jen_0000534	2063.3	2056.5				27708	Phalaborwa, Limpopo, South Africa	Ernst and Bell (2010)	MP98_55
Jen_0000535	2060	2059.2				27708	Phalaborwa, Limpopo, South Africa	Ernst and Bell (2010)	MP98_55
Jen_0000536	2094	2024				56243	Schiel, Vhembe District, Limpopo, South Africa	Ernst and Bell (2010)	MP98_55
Jen_0000660	63.4	63.4	Zircon			57412	Melkfontein Carbonatite, Alfred Nzo District, Eastern Cape, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0000672	74.6	74.6				27329	Salpeterkop Mountain (Saltpetre Kop), Sutherland, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0000673	78.1	75.5				27329	Salpeterkop Mountain (Saltpetre Kop), Sutherland, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0000674	73.7	71.3				27329	Salpeterkop Mountain (Saltpetre Kop), Sutherland, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0000998	900	900				57405	Bull's Run Estate, Umhlatuzi, Uthungulu District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0000999	1175	1105	Zircon			57405	Bull's Run Estate, Umhlatuzi, Uthungulu District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0001000	1140	1060				57405	Bull's Run Estate, Umhlatuzi, Uthungulu District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0001005	1200	800				56493	Glenover Phosphate Mine, Glenover Carbonatite, Thabazimbi, Waterberg District, Limpopo, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0001027	1200	1200				16970	Cullinan Mine (Premier Mine), Cullinan, Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0001028	1269	1229	Perovskite			16970	Cullinan Mine (Premier Mine), Cullinan, Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0001029	1274	1130				16970	Cullinan Mine (Premier Mine), Cullinan, Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0001030	1213	1149				16970	Cullinan Mine (Premier Mine), Cullinan, Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0001031	1199	1159				16970	Cullinan Mine (Premier Mine), Cullinan, Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0001037	1378	1304				230318	Spitskop Deposit, West Coast District, Western Cape, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0001069	1930	1930				57411	Keikamspoort Carbonatite, Prieska, Pixley Ka Seme District, Northern Cape, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0001077	2031	1993				3091	Palabora Mine (Foscor Open Pit; PMC Mine), Loolekop, Phalaborwa, Limpopo, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0001078	2050	2050	Zircon			3091	Palabora Mine (Foscor Open Pit; PMC Mine), Loolekop, Phalaborwa, Limpopo, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0001079	2047	2047	Phlogopite			3091	Palabora Mine (Foscor Open Pit; PMC Mine), Loolekop, Phalaborwa, Limpopo, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0001128	1414	1072				27326	Kruidfontein, Pilanesberg Alkaline Complex, Bojanala Platinum District, North West, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0001129	1400	1200				56875	Salt Pan Crater (Tswaing Crater), Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Jen_0001172	2.58	0				56875	Salt Pan Crater (Tswaing Crater), Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South Africa	Woolley and Kjarsgaard (2008)	GSCOF5796
Kristen002027	3570	3510				3086	Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa	de Wit et al. (1987)	JAES6_681
Kristen002028	3530	3390				3086	Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa	de Wit et al. (1987)	JAES6_681
Kristen002029	3630	3230				3086	Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa	de Wit et al. (1987)	JAES6_681
Kristen002030	3640	3040				3086	Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa	de Wit et al. (1987)	JAES6_681
Kristen002031	3419	3230				3086	Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa	de Wit et al. (1987)	JAES6_681
Kristen002032	3490	3450				3086	Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa	de Wit et al. (1987)	JAES6_681
Kristen002255	1018	954	Molybdenite		W,Mo	57343	Namaqualand Metamorphic Complex, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Han et al. (2014)	RG64_136
Kristen002479	3110	3103				49536	New Consort Mine, Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa	Tkachev (2011)	GSLSP350_7
Kristen002489	2906	2790	Zircon			26418	Murchison Mine, Gravelotte, Murchison Range, Limpopo, South Africa	Tkachev (2011)	GSLSP350_7
Kristen002490	2858	2782	Zircon			26418	Murchison Mine, Gravelotte, Murchison Range, Limpopo, South Africa	Tkachev (2011)	GSLSP350_7
MD36_189-00001	2060	2060				3091	Palabora Mine (Foscor Open Pit; PMC Mine), Loolekop, Phalaborwa, Limpopo, South Africa	Groves and Vielreivher (2001)	MD36_189
Michelle_0025	0	0				31410	Saldanha Bay, West Coast District, Western Cape, South Africa
Michelle_382	90.65	89.49	Zircon	Zemkorite		8982	Bultfontein Mine, KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture Mine; Kimberley Underground Mine), Kimberley, Francis Baard District, Northern Cape, South Africa	Giuliani et al. (2015)	NC6_7837
Michelle_383	190	177	Titanite	Lindsleyite, Mathiasite		8982	Bultfontein Mine, KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture Mine; Kimberley Underground Mine), Kimberley, Francis Baard District, Northern Cape, South Africa	Giuliani et al. (2015)	NC6_7837
Michelle_384	90	81				56310	Kimberley, Francis Baard District, Northern Cape, South Africa	Giuliani et al (2014)	EPSL400_132
Michelle_493	1710	1710	Galena			54251	Pafuri Nickel Deposit, Vhembe District, Limpopo, South Africa	Breeman et al. (1966)	EPSL1_401
Mo-00049	3500	3100		Molybdenite	Mo	3086	Barberton, Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga, South Africa	Kakegawa and Ohmoto (1999); de Ronde et al. (1991; 1992); Armstrong et al. (1990)
Mo-00268	1031	950	Molybdenite	Molybdenite	Mo	53587	Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Raith and Stein (2000)	MD35_741
Mo-00269	958	950	Molybdenite		Mo	53600	Narrap Mine, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Raith and Stein (2000)	MD35_741
Mo-00270	1031	1021	Molybdenite		Mo	53600	Narrap Mine, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Raith and Stein (2000)	MD35_741
Mo-00272	1590	1210		Koechlinite, Molybdenite	Mo	56211	Vergenoeg Mine, Pretoria District (Tshwane District), Gauteng, South Africa	Coertze et al. (1978); Crocker (1985); Walraven (1988)
Mo-00277	2055.7	2053.1		Koechlinite, Molybdenite, Powellite	Mo	57101	Meinhardskraal Farm, Mokopane (Potgietersrus), Mogalakwena, Waterberg District, Limpopo, South Africa	Scoates and Friedman (2008); Barnes and Maier (2002);
Mo-00436	1010	1002	Molybdenite		Mo	206057	Tweedam Mine, Springbok, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Raith and Stein (2000)	MD35_741
Mo-00437	1004	996	Molybdenite		Mo	206057	Tweedam Mine, Springbok, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Raith and Stein (2000)	MD35_741
Mo-00438	1015	1007	Molybdenite		Mo	206059	Nababeep Far West Mine, Nababeep Tungsten Mines, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Raith and Stein (2000)	MD35_741
Mo-00439	1022	1014	Molybdenite		Mo	206060	Kliphoog Mine, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Raith and Stein (2000)	MD35_741
Mo-00440	1019	1011	Molybdenite		Mo	206060	Kliphoog Mine, Okiep Copper District, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Raith and Stein (2000)	MD35_741
ree-00566	2500	541				56342	Glenover Carbonatite, Thabazimbi, Waterberg District, Limpopo, South Africa	Orris and Grauch (2002)	USGSOFR02_189
ree-00572	2500	541				27328	Pilanesberg Mtn, Pilanesberg Alkaline Complex, Bojanala Platinum District, North West, South Africa	Orris and Grauch (2002)	USGSOFR02_189
ree-00575	2.6	0.01				57098	Richards Bay, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Orris and Grauch (2002)	USGSOFR02_189
ree-00577	1600	541				54045	Buffalo Mine (Buffalo Fluorspar), Naboomspruit (Mookgophong), Waterberg District, Limpopo, South Africa	Orris and Grauch (2002)	USGSOFR02_189
Scott-AM88_189-0001	1054	1042.2	Sugilite		Mn	3071	Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa	Gnos et al. (2003)	AM88_189
Scott-EPSL298_125-0001	2400	2200			Mn	54254	Adams Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa	Tsikos et Al. (2010)	EPSL298_125
sedcu-00620	2000	2000			Cu	228272	Duitschland Cu Deposit (Nederland), Mokopane (Potgietersrus), Mogalakwena, Waterberg District, Limpopo, South Africa	Cox et al. (2003)	USGSOFR03_107
sedexmvt-00204	1600	1400				53698	Big Syncline (Aggeneysberg), Aggeneys, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Taylor et al. (2009)	USGSOFR2009_1297
sedexmvt-00205	1285	1198				53700	Black Mountain (Swartberg Mine), Aggeneys, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Taylor et al. (2009)	USGSOFR2009_1297
sedexmvt-00206	1285	1198				5550	Broken Hill Mine, Aggeneys, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Taylor et al. (2009)	USGSOFR2009_1297
sedexmvt-00207	2100	1998				122847	Bushy Park Pb-Zn Deposit, Griquatown, Griqualand, Northern Cape, South Africa	Taylor et al. (2009)	USGSOFR2009_1297
sedexmvt-00208	1285	1198				53701	Gamsberg Zinc Mine, Aggeneys, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Taylor et al. (2009)	USGSOFR2009_1297
sedexmvt-00209	2060	1900				54265	Pering Mine, Reivilo, Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District, North West, South Africa	Taylor et al. (2009)	USGSOFR2009_1297
sedznpb-00398	1739	1559				53698	Big Syncline (Aggeneysberg), Aggeneys, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Singer et al. (2009)	USGSOFR2009-1252
sedznpb-00399	1739	1559				53700	Black Mountain (Swartberg Mine), Aggeneys, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Singer et al. (2009)	USGSOFR2009-1252
sedznpb-00400	1739	1559				5550	Broken Hill Mine, Aggeneys, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Singer et al. (2009)	USGSOFR2009-1252
sedznpb-00401	2059.041	2037.96				122847	Bushy Park Pb-Zn Deposit, Griquatown, Griqualand, Northern Cape, South Africa	Singer et al. (2009)	USGSOFR2009-1252
sedznpb-00402	1739	1559				53701	Gamsberg Zinc Mine, Aggeneys, Namakwa District (Namaqualand), Northern Cape, South Africa	Singer et al. (2009)	USGSOFR2009-1252
sedznpb-00403	2000	1900				54265	Pering Mine, Reivilo, Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District, North West, South Africa	Singer et al. (2009)	USGSOFR2009-1252
sedznpb-00404	2500	1600				56213	Putsberg, ZF Mgcawu District, Northern Cape, South Africa	Singer et al. (2009)	USGSOFR2009-1252

Locality age (deprioritized)

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	Dated Locality ID	Dated Locality	Ref	Ref ID
ree-00569	2500	1600				3091	Palabora Mine (Foscor Open Pit; PMC Mine), Loolekop, Phalaborwa, Limpopo, South Africa	Orris and Grauch (2002)	USGSOFR02_189